建筑识图与房屋构造下 Architectural Draw

建筑识图与房屋构造（下）ArchitecturalDrawingReadingandBuildingStructure(II)第六章建筑工程图的基本知识Chapter6BasicKnowledgeofArchitecturalEngineeringDrawings工程项目建设流程ConstructionProcedureofEngineeringProject建筑设计的两个阶段：Twostagesofarchitecturaldesign:1.初步设计阶段1PreliminaryDesignStage2.施工图设计阶段2ConstructionDrawingDesignStage工程项目建设流程ConstructionProcedureofEngineeringProject初步设计阶段PreliminaryDesignStage简略的总平面布置图及房屋的平、立、剖面图；设计方案的技术经济指标；设计概算和设计说明等。Abriefgenerallayoutplan,plans,elevations,sectionviews,technicalandeconomicindicatorsofthedesignscheme,designbudgetestimatesanddesignspecifications.施工图设计阶段ConstructionDrawingDesignStage指导工程施工的所有专业施工图、详图、说明书、计算书及整个工程的施工预算书等Allprofessionalconstructiondrawings,details,instructions,andcalculationsforguidingtheengineeringconstructionandconstructionbudgetstatementsforthewholeproject.施工图建筑施工图结构施工图设备施工图建筑施工图主要表达建筑物的外部形状、内部布置、装饰构造、施工要求等。Architecturalconstructiondrawingsmainlyshowtheexternalshape,internallayout,decorationstructureandconstructionrequirementsofbuildings.结构施工图主要表达承重结构的构件类型、布置情况以及构造作法等。Structuralconstructiondrawingsmainlyshowthemembertype,layoutandconstructionmethodoftheload-bearingstructure.设备施工图主要表达房屋各专用管线和设备布置及构造等情况。Equipmentconstructiondrawingsmainlyshowthelayoutandstructureofspecialpipelinesandequipmentinbuildings.房屋施工图的图示特点Thegraphiccharacteristicsofconstructiondrawingsareasfollows(1)按正投影原理绘制(1)Drawnaccordingtotheprincipleoforthographicprojection.

(2)绘制房屋施工图采用的比例(2)Scaleusedfordrawingtheconstructiondrawingsofbuildings.

(3)房屋施工图图例、符号应严格按照国家标准绘制(3)LegendsandsymbolsofbuildingconstructiondrawingsshallbedrawninstrictaccordancewithNationalStandards4）标准图集4)Standardcollectivedrawings图6-2定位轴线及编号方法Fig.6-2PositioningAxisandNumberingMethod1定位轴线和编号Positioningaxisandnumber附加轴线的编号Numberingofadditionalaxes表6-1索引符号与详图符号Table6-1IndexandDetailSymbols名称

Description符号

Symbol说明

Description详图的索引符号Indexsymbolfordetails细实线单圆圈直径应为10mm，详图在本张图纸上剖开，从上往下投影

Thediameterofasinglecirclewiththincontinuouslineshallbe10mm,anddetailsshallbesectionedonthisdrawingandprojectedfromtoptobottom详图不在本张图纸上剖开，从下往上投影

Detailsarenotcutonthisdrawing,butprojectedfrombottomtotop2索引符号和详图符号2INDEXANDDETAILSYMBOLS名称Description符号Symbol说明Description详图的索引符号Indexsymbolfordetails标准详图STANDARDDETAIL详图的符号Symbolsfordetails粗实线单圆圈直径应为14mm被索引的在本张图纸上ThicksolidlineSinglecirclediametershallbe14mmIndexedonthissheet被索引的不在本张图纸上

Indexisnotonthissheet6.3.2索引符号和详图符号6.3.2IndexandDetailSymbols图6-5符号及标高数字的注写

Fig.6-5MarkingofSymbolsandElevationNumbers3

标高Elevation图6-7引出线Fig.6-7LeaderLine4引出线LeaderLine图6-9多层构造引出线Fig.6-9LeaderLineforMulti-LayerStructure6.3.4引出线6.3.4LeaderLine图6-10图形的折断Fig.6-10BreakingofGraphs5折断符号5Breakingsymbol图6-11对称符号Fig.6-11Symmetricalsymbols6

对称符号6Symmetricalsymbols图6-14指北针Fig.6-14Northarrow7

指北针7Northarrow8变更云线

8Changecloudlines图纸中局部修改宜使用云