（高考英语作文炼句）第45篇译文老师笔记

PAGEPAGE11.大学生应该尽量做到定时运动并且保持一个健康的生活方式.参加有氧健身课程,利用校园里的健身中心以及慢跑都是宣泄负面情绪的几个简单而有效的方法.Collegestudentsshouldtrytoexerciseregularlyandmaintainahealthylifestyle.Attending

aerobicsclasses(1.有氧健身课程),usingthecampusfitnesscenterandjoggingareafewsimpleandeffectivewaysto

ventnegativeemotions(2.宣泄负面情绪).

1-aerobicsclasses

词典释义：aerobicsUK

[eə'rəʊ.bɪks]

US

[er'oʊ-]

noun

uncountable

■energeticphysicalexercises,oftenperformedwithagroupofpeopletomusic,whichmaketheheart,lungsandmusclesstrongerandincreasetheamountofoxygenintheblood

有氧健身法;有氧运动•She

does

aerobics.她做有氧健身操.•Igoto

aerobics

(=toaclasswherewearetaughtsuchexercises)onceaweek.我每周去一次有氧健身操训练班.•an

aerobics

instructor/teacher有氧健身操教练／导师

外刊例句：Oncethere,believersareledbysacerdotal

instructors,whoeithergoadthemintomassecstasyduring

aerobicsclasses,orpresideoverthe

confessionaltête-à-têteofpersonaltraining.

()到了那里之后,信徒将接受僧侣导师的指引,这些导师会鼓励信徒在有氧运动中获得愉悦,或安排信徒进行私下忏悔,作为个人训练.

2-ventnegativeemotions

词典释义：vent[vent]

verb

transitive

■toexpressa

negativeemotioninaforcefulandoftenunfairway

发泄,表达(负面的情绪)•Pleasedon'tshout-there'snoneedto

you’reyourfrustration/anger/rage/spleenon

me.请不要大吵大闹——没有必要把气撒在我身上.

negativeUK

['neg.ə.tɪv]

US

[-tˌɪv]

adjective

WITHOUTHOPE

没有希望

IMPROVER

■nothopeful,or

likelytoconsideronlythebadsideofasituation

负面的,消极的•a

negative

attitude消极态度•You'reso

negative

abouteverything!

你对任何事情都如此消极!

外刊例句：Thisideaof

ventingnegativeemotions

throughphysicallyintenseperformance

isarecurringtheme–VietCongsaytheydon’tfeelliketheyhavehada

goodshowunlesstheywakeupsorethenextday.

()通过高强度体力运动来宣泄负面情绪是种反复提及的见解——越共称,他们得第二天起来时感到全身酸痛,才会觉得自己今天心情愉快.

替换表达：release/express/giveventtonegativeemotions,

2.学生应该尽量保证有足够多的休息和睡眠,并且要避免能加剧情绪变化的物质比如像咖啡因和酒精.Studentsshouldtryto

getplentyofrestandsleep(1.得到足够多的休息和睡眠),andtoavoidsubstanceslike

caffeine

(2.咖啡因)andalcoholthatcan

exacerbatemoodswings(3.加剧情绪变化).

1-getplentyofrestandsleep

plentyof后跟不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式.

词典释义：plenty

●●●○○1.QUANT

数量词

(尤指足够的或超出需要的)丰富,充足,大量

Ifthere

is

plentyof

something,thereisalargeamountofit.Ifthereare

plentyof

things,therearemanyofthem.

Plenty

isusedespeciallytoindicatethatthereisenoughofsomething,

ormorethanyouneed.

【搭配模式】：QUANTofn-uncount/pl-n•Therewasstill

plentyoftimetotakeJilloutforpizza...还有充裕的时间带吉尔出去吃比萨饼.

•Mostbusinessesface

plentyofcompetition...大多数企业面临着巨大的竞争压力.•Taking

plenty

ofexercisecanbeofgreatbenefit...多锻炼会非常有好处.•Arethere

plenty

offreshfruitsandvegetablesinyourdiet?

你的饮食中新鲜果蔬充足吗?

外刊例句：Previouslypatientswerewokenearlyinthe

morningtobewashed,butnowtheyarewashedintheeveningtohelpaid

restandsleep.

()病人之前一大早就得起来接受清洗,而现在他们晚上就能接受清洗,从而休息得更好.

替换表达：getenough/adequaterestandsleep

2-caffeine

词典释义：caffeine

caf·feine/

ˌkæˈfin

;

ˈkæfiːn

/nounU

1.asubstanceintea,coffee,andsomeotherdrinksthatmakesyoufeelmore

active咖啡因,咖啡碱;

⇒decaffeinated：•Avoidcaffeine

(=drinkswithcaffeine)beforebedtime.睡觉前不要喝含有咖啡因的饮料.•acaffeine-free

cola不含咖啡因的可乐

外刊例句：SanFranciscohassuedMonsterBeverage,a

Californianfirm,formarketinghigh-caffeine

drinkstochildren.

()三藩市起诉了一家位于加利福利亚州的公司MonsterBeverage,控告它向儿童售卖高咖啡因含量饮料.

3-exacerbatemoodswings

词典释义：exacerbate

●○○○○1.VERB

动词

使恶化;使加剧

Ifsomething

exacerbates

a

problemorbadsituation,itmakesitworse.•MrPowell-Taylorsaysthatdepopulation

exacerbatestheproblem...鲍威尔-泰勒先生说人口的急剧减少使得该问题更加严重.•Longstandingpovertyhasbeen

exacerbatedbyracialdivisions.种族分化已经加剧了长期的贫困问题.

moodswing

noun

Etymology：

mood

(I)

：

amarkedchangeinmoodespeciallytoelationordepression(asin

cyclothymia)

<certain

personalitycharacteristics

…

suchas

moodswings,

paranoidfeaturesandself-punishment

drives

—

E.F.Kerman>

外刊例句：Thedroughtisbecomingsomethingofaeurekamoment,

akintoAmerica's

moodswing

in

thewakeofHurricaneKatrinain2005.

()这次干旱正变得像是"灵关一闪”时刻,宛如美国在2005年卡瑞娜台风袭击时的变脸一般.

替换表达：exacerbatemood/emotionalchanges

Q：Studentsshouldtrytoget

plentyofrestandsleep,andtoavoidsubstanceslikecaffeineandalcohol

thatcanexacerbatemoodswings.这句话中avoid前面的to是否可以省略呢?avoid前面加to和不加to有什么区别?A：这句话还原后相当于Studentsshouldtry

togetplentyofrestandsleep,and(try)toavoidsubstanceslikecaffeine

andalcohol…如果to也是可以的,相当于Students

shouldtrytogetplentyofrestandsleep,and(should)avoidsubstances

likecaffeineandalcohol…

3.大学能够采取的减少学生自杀发生的第一步就是提高学生对心理健康和抑郁症的意识.大学可以在学校网站上提供心理健康信息,给新生发放教育手册,并且提供免费的学术研讨课来帮助消除对于精神疾病的错误认识以及鼓励学生讨论他们的问题.Thefirststepthatcollegescantaketoreducetheoccurrenceof

studentsuicide

(1.减少学生自杀)istoenhanceawarenessofmentalhealthanddepression.Universitiescanmakementalhealthinformationavailableontheirwebsites,issue

educationalpamphlets

(2.教育手册)tonewstudents,andofferfree

seminars(3.学术研讨课)tohelp

dispelmythsabout

(4.消除对于……的错误认识)emotionaldisordersandencouragestudentstodiscusstheirproblems.1-reducetheoccurrenceofstudentsuicide

词典释义：occurrence

●○○○○1.N-COUNT

可数名词

发生的事情;事件

An

occurrence

issomethingthathappens.•Complaintsseemedtobeaneveryday

occurrence...似乎每天都有投诉.•Thefoodqueueshavebecomeadaily

occurrence

acrossthecountry.排队购买食品的长龙已成了全国各地每日可见的景象.2.N-COUNT

可数名词

发生;出现

Theoccurrenceof

somethingisthefactthatithappensorispresent.•Thegreatest

occurrence

ofcoronaryheartdiseaseisinthoseover65.

65岁以上者是冠心病的最高发人群.

外刊例句：AndresearchbyWintersandcolleaguesaddsto

theevidence,findingthatbicycle-specificinfrastructurethatreduces

interactionsbetweencyclistsandmotorvehiclescan

reducetheoccurrenceof

injuries,potentiallybymorethan50%.

()温特斯与其同事做的实验提供了更多数据,他们发现,能减少自行车与机动车接触的自行车特殊基础设施能减少受伤事故,其效果可能可以减少过半事故发生.

学生错误表达：damaging

themselves点评：表达不够准确,damaging

themselves是指对他们自身造成了伤害,这里可以改为reducetheoccurrenceof

studentsuicide

2-educationalpamphlets

词典释义：

pamphlet['pæm.flət]

noun

countable

■athinbookwithonlyafewpageswhichgivesinformation

oranopinionaboutsomething

小册子

外刊例句：Kano'sADaidaitaSahuprogramme,whichliterally

means"straightenyourrows”,alsoseekswhatitcalls"societal

reorientation”through

educational

pamphlets

andtelevisionprogrammesdealingwithproblemssuchas

pollution,pettycrimeanddrugs.

()卡诺的DaidaitaSahuprogramme("加强系带项目”),也通过针对诸如环境污染、小偷小摸和毒品等问题的教育小册子和电视节目来追求所谓的"社会再导向.”

学生错误表达：an

educationalmanual点评：manual一般指机器的说明书或使用手册,educationalmanual这一用法不妥,可以改为educational

pamphlets

3-seminars

词典释义：seminarUK

['sem.ɪ.nɑ：r]

US

[-nɑ：r]

noun

countable

ADVANCED

■anoccasionwhenateacherorexpertandagroupof

peoplemeettostudyanddiscusssomething

专题讨论会;研讨会

•I

attended

practicallyeverylectureand

seminar

whenIwasastudent.我上学的时候,几乎参加了每一场讲座和研讨会.•I'm

giving

a

seminar

on

thelatest

developmentsingeneticengineeringnextweek.下周我将举行一个有关遗传工程最新进展的研讨会.•a

seminar

room会议室

外刊例句：Visitorstothisyear'sshowwillhavethe

chancetolearnsomeofthesesecrets,andrevealtheirown,atoneofmore

than80

seminars,withsubjects

rangingfromShakespearefortheearlyyearstoinspiringcreativity.

()今年展会的游客将有机会在超过80个专题研讨会中学到这些秘密和袒露其秘密.这些专题研讨会的主题从探究莎士比亚的早年生活到鼓励型创作一应俱全.

替换表达：workshops

学生错误表达：(1)free

academicseminar点评：seminar本身已经包含有"学术”的含义了,这里academic可以去掉.(2)discussedcourses点评：没有discussedcourses的说法,这里应该改为seminar

4-dispelmythsabout

词典释义：dispel[dɪ'spel]

(-ll-)

verb

transitive

■toremovefears,doubtsandfalseideas,usuallyby

provingthemwrongorunnecessary

消除(恐惧);扫除(疑虑);打消(错误念头)

•I'dliketostartthespeechbydispellingafewrumours

thathavebeenspreadingrecently.我想在演讲的开头先澄清一些近期流传的谣言.

myth[mɪθ]

noun

FALSEIDEA

错误的看法

ADVANCED

countable+that

disapproving

■acommonlybelievedbutfalseidea

普遍但却错误的看法,无根据的观念

•Statistics

disprove

the

myth

that

womenareworsedriversthanmen.统计数据证明,女人驾驶技术比男人差的观念是错误的.

外刊例句：MrHardwicksaystheshowhelped

dispelthemyth

thatpodcastswere

"justthisthingyoudidinyourmom’sbasement.”

()哈尔德维克说,该展会能祛除这错误观念：播客就是"在你妈的地下室所干的事情”.

学生错误表达：(1)

cancelthemisunderstandingof点评：misunderstanding不能用cancel来修饰,这里可以改为clearup/correctthe

misunderstandingof/aboutsomething(2)correctwrongrealizationof点评：realization是指"意识到,认识到”,例如：IwasshockedbytherealizationofwhatIhaddone.我意识到自己干了什么后大为震惊.这里不能用realization来指错误观念.

Despitesuicidecanhardlydisappearinthe

youngsters错误原因：despite不可以单独用于引导从句,这里应该改为despitethefactthatsuicidecan…;theyoungsters应该改为youngsters,用于泛指"年轻人”.

4.尽管自杀在年轻人中难以根除,但大学有道德上的责任去保护学生不伤害他们自己.为了达到这一点,提高心理健康意识、减轻学术压力以及提供校园内的心理服务在使陷入麻烦的学生远离自我毁灭的边缘这一方面能发挥很大作用.Althoughtheoccurrenceofsuicideamongyoungpeoplecannotbeeliminated,itisthe

moralobligation

(1.道德上的责任)ofcollegestoprotectstudentsfromharmingthemselves.

Tothisend(2.为了达到这一点),promotingawarenessofmentalhealth,mitigatingacademicpressureandprovidingon-campuspsychiatricservicescangoalongwaytowardssteeringtroubledstudentsawayfrom

(3.使陷入麻烦的学生远离……)thebrinkof

self-destruction(4.自我毁灭).

1-moralobligation

词典释义：moralUK

['mɒr.əl]

US

['mɔ：r-]

adjective

ESSENTIAL

■relatingtothestandardsofgoodorbadbehaviour,

fairness,honesty,etc.whicheachpersonbelievesin,ratherthantolaws

道德的•It'sher

moral

obligation

totellthepolice

whatsheknows.她把所知道的事告诉警方是道义上的责任.•Itisnotpartofanovelist'sjobtomakea

moral

judgment.小说家并不需要作道德上的批判.•Shewastheonlypoliticiantocondemntheproposedlawon

moral

grounds(=for

moral

reasons).她是唯一一个从道德角度,对提议施行的法律作出谴责的政治家.•TheDemocratsareattemptingto

capturethe

moral

highground

(=aretryingtoappearmorehonestandgoodthanthe

otherpoliticalparties).民主党试图显出在道义上占优势.

obligation

UK

[ˌɒb.lɪ'geɪ.ʃən]

US

[ˌɑ：.blə-]

noun

ADVANCED

countable

or

uncountable

■whenyouareobligedtodosomething

义务;责任;职责•[+

to

infinitive]Ifyouhavenotsigneda

contract,youare

under

no

obligation

to

(=itisnot

necessaryto)paythemanymoney.如果你没有签合同,你就没有义务付给他们钱.•Youhavea

legal

obligation

to

(=The

lawsaysyoumust)ensureyourchildreceivesapropereducation.法律规定你有义务确保自己的孩子接受合理的教育.

外刊例句：Weareallforgoodscreeningandchecking

everybody,butattheendofthedaywehavea

moralobligation

tohelpeachother.

()我们都擅长于监控他人,但我们最终在道德上都有义务去互相帮助.

替换表达：moralresponsibility

2-tothisend

词典释义：tothisend

formal

phrase

in

ordertoachieveaparticularaim

Hewantedtodiscusshisposition,andarrangedameeting

tothisend.

外刊例句：

Tothisend,

manyhopefulrepairmenarenowsettingupshop.

()许多修理工为了达到这一点,现在都开始自己开店了.

替换表达：inpursuanceofthis/toachievethis

3-steeringtroubledstudentsawayfrom

词典释义：steer2.

CHANGESB/STH

改变某人/某物,Ttoguidesomeone's

behaviourorthewayasituationdevelops引导,指导〔某人的行为〕：

steersbtowards/awayfrom/through

etcsth•Teacherstryto

steerpupilsawayfromdrugs.教师试图引导学生远离毒品.•Helentriedto

steertheconversationawayfromherself.海伦设法把话题从自己身上引开.

troubled['trʌb.ld]

adjective

HAVING

DIFFICULTIES

有麻烦

ADVANCED

■havingproblemsordifficulties

折磨,使有麻烦•Thesurvivalpackageinvolvessellingofftheunprofitable

partsofthe

troubled

company.求生存的一篮子计划中,包括卖掉这个陷入困境的公司中没有盈利的部分.•This

troubled

region

hashadmorethanits

fairshareofwarsoverthethecenturies.几个世纪以来,这个不幸的地区遭受了太多战争的折磨.•Inthese

troubled

times

,itmakesachange

tohearsomegoodnews.在这样动荡不安的时代,听到一些好消息可给人们心中带来一线转机.

外刊例句：Thenumberofgraduatesfromelite

universitieschoosingteachingasacareerisdecliningamidindicationsthat

careersofficersmaybe

steering

brightstuden