商务英语阅读（第3册）（第二版）课件 Unit 9 Business Competition

商务英语阅读3Unit9BusinessCompetitionLearningObjectivesUnderstandtheinfluenceofbusinesscompetitiononthepricesofthecommoditiesandservicesprovidedbythecompanies.Knowtheinfluencesofmonopoliesonbusinesscompetitionsandprices.Knowthestepscompaniescantake,facedwithsustainabilityscarcity.Understandthefluctuationofpricesinsustainability-relatedresourcesduetotheirdemandandsupply.CONTENTS01.TextA02.

TextB03.ChineseValuesAreAirlineMergersLeadingtoHigherAirFares?TextAWarmingup1.Haveyouevergonetravellingbyair?Ifso,doyouthinktheairfareishigh,loworsatisfactory?Why?2.Whatdoyouknowaboutmerger?Canyougiveanyexamples?Discusstheexamplesofmergeryouknowwithyourpartnerindetail.3.Doyouthinkairlinemergersleadtohigherairfares?Why?WordsandExpressionsmergern.thejoiningtogetheroftwoseparatecompaniesororganizationssothattheybecomeone合并（CET6）Therehasbeenalotoftalkaboutamergerwithanotherleadingbank.WordsandExpressionsprice-fixingn.thesettingofpricesbyagreementamongproducersanddistributors协定物价Withovertprice-fixingcartelsclearlyillegal,therailroadsturnedtomergersasthewaytoeliminatecompetitionbetweenthem.WordsandExpressionsairfaren.Theairfaretoaplaceistheamountitcoststoflythere.飞机票价Mostairfarepricedropslastlessthan48hours,sopeopleneedtobereadytojumpwhenafarefalls.WordsandExpressionsinflation-adjusted扣除物价上涨因素Ininflation-adjustedtermsthisisfarlowerthanratesofthecountry’skeytradingpartners.WordsandExpressionscolludev.Ifonepersoncolludeswithanother,theycooperatewiththemsecretlyorillegally.(秘密或非法地)串通（TEM8）SeverallocalofficialsareinjailonchargesofcolludingwiththeMafia.WordsandExpressionsconsolidationn.theactofcombiningintoanintegralwhole巩固;变坚固（CET4;CET6）Theprincipleofconsolidationisanimportantteachingprinciple.WordsandExpressionshub-and-spoke

denotingamethodoforganizingintercontinentalairtrafficinwhichonemajorairportisusedasafeederforlocalairports(Sometimesshortenedtohub).轴辐路网空中交通组织法Inordertooptimizeextendedhub-and-spokeregionaltransportationnetwork,interactivefuzzyprogrammingmodelwasintroduced.WordsandExpressionstransatlanticadj.TransatlanticflightsorsignalsgoacrosstheAtlanticOcean,usuallybetweentheUnitedStatesandBritain.横跨大西洋的Manytransatlanticflightslandthere.WordsandExpressionsconcentrationn.theamountofasubstancecontainedinaliquid〔液体中某物质的〕浓度（CET4;TEM4）Agasinsolutiondiffusesfromaregionofgreatertooneoflessconcentration.WordsandExpressionsmonopolyn.Ifacompany,person,orstatehasamonopolyonsomethingsuchasanindustry,theyhavecompletecontroloverit,sothatitisimpossibleforotherstobecomeinvolvedinit.垄断（CET6;TEM4）Russianmovestoendastatemonopolyonlandownership.WordsandExpressionsswitchv.tochangefromdoingorusingonethingtodoingorusinganother转换，转变，改变（CET4;TEM4）Youhavetoswitchyourmindset.WordsandExpressionstacitadj.Ifyourefertosomeone’stacitagreementorapproval,youmeantheyareagreeingtosomethingorapprovingitwithoutactuallysayingso,oftenbecausetheyareunwillingtoadmittodoingso.默许的（CET6;TEM8）Thequestionwasatacitadmissionthatamistakehadindeedbeenmade.WordsandExpressionsontheflipside反过来说；另一方面Ontheflipside,CEOsoftenfindthattheirsuggestionstakeonafargreatermagnitudethanwhattheyintended.WordsandExpressionsretaliationn.actionagainstsomeonewhohasdonesomethingbadtoyou报复，反击（CET6）Thisactionwasundoubtedlyinretaliationforlastweek’sbombattack.WordsandExpressionssubstantiallyadv.Ifsomethingchangessubstantiallyorissubstantiallydifferent,itchangesalotorisverydifferent.很大程度地Thepercentageofgirlsinengineeringhasincreasedsubstantially.WordsandExpressionslurev.Toluresomeonemeanstotrickthemintoaparticularplaceortotrickthemintodoingsomethingthattheyshouldnotdo.引诱（CET6;TEM8）Theydidnotrealizethattheywerebeingluredintoatrap.WordsandExpressionsentrantn.Anentrantisapersonorcompanywhohasrecentlybecomeamemberofaninstitutionormarket.新成员（TEM4）Thecompanymadeanameforitselfasanearlyentrantinthedigitalvideo-recordermarket.StructuralAnalysisPara.MainTopicsPara.1-6Backgroundinformationofairlinemergersandhigherairfares.Para.7-13Consolidationandcompetitionintheairlineindrustry.Para.14-16Theproductsorservicesofferedbyairlinersdetermineandpassengers’loyalty.Para.17-22Tacitcollusionandsoftcompetitionintheairlineindustry.Para.23-27Pricecompetitionofairlinersinthefutrue.NotesonTextA1.Distinguishbetweenthetwoterms,mergersandacquisitions.Mergersandacquisitions(M&A)aretransactionsinwhichtheownershipofcompanies,otherbusinessorganizations,ortheiroperatingunitsaretransferredorcombined.Fromalegalpointofview,amergerisalegalconsolidationoftwoentitiesintooneentity,whereasanacquisitionoccurswhenoneentitytakesownershipofanotherentity’sstock,equityinterestsorassets.NotesonTextA1.Distinguishbetweenthetwoterms,mergersandacquisitions.Fromacommercialandeconomicpointofview,bothtypesoftransactionsgenerallyresultintheconsolidationofassetsandliabilitiesunderoneentity,andthedistinctionbetweena“merger”andan“acquisition”islessclear.企业并购（MergersandAcquisitions,M&A）包括兼并和收购两种方式。NotesonTextA2.monopolyIfacompany,person,orstatehasamonopolyonsomethingsuchasanindustry,theyhavecompletecontroloverit,sothatitisimpossibleforotherstobecomeinvolvedinit.垄断Discussion1.Haveyouevergonetravellingbyair?Ifso,doyouthinktheairfareishigh,loworsatisfactory?Why?2.Whatdoyouknowaboutmerger?Canyougiveanyexamples?Discusstheexamplesofmergeryouknowwithyourpartnerindetail.3.Doyouthinkairlinemergersleadtohigherairfares?Why?ExercisesI.ReadingComprehension:1-5BCCCBII.VocabularyA.1-5ABCBB6-10ADCADB.1.beingblamedfor2.madeup3.determining4.inresponseto5.Ontheflipside6.hub-and-spoke7.inflation-adjusted8.correlatewith9.transatlantic10.passengercapacity.III.Cloze:1-5JBAFO6-10HKGEDExercisesIV.PutthefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.最新的交通部数据显示，第四季度扣除通胀因素后的机票价格比一年前上升2%，尽管同期飞机燃油价格下降了25%。2.跨越大西洋的航线被三大合资企业主宰，其旅客运送能力合计超过75%。3.参与航空公司忠诚度项目的乘客通常愿意为了乘坐自己偏爱的航班而支付额外费用。4.另一方面，航空公司会惩罚其竞争对手，如果该对手不能恪守这一含蓄的约定，而一味地与之激烈竞争。5.美国司法部增强其对于航空业的关注是正确的，毕竟阻止市场权力的滥用是它的职责之一。ExercisesV.DiscussionTheauthorcitesthisexampletoshowthatalthoughtheairlineindustryexperiencedseverallargemergersoverthepast25yearsorso,thatis,thetotalnumberofcarriersbecomesfewer,thatdoesnotnecessarilycorrelatewiththeextentofcompetition.TheGreenEconomyHasaResource-ScarcityProblemTextBWordsandExpressionsscarcityn.Ifthereisascarcityofsomething,thereisnotenoughofitforthepeoplewhoneeditorwantit.缺乏；不足；稀少（CET6;TEM4）Theirpricedependedalmostentirelyontheirscarcity.WordsandExpressionsoutstripv.tobefaster,betterormoresuccessfulthansomebodyyouarecompetingagainst超过，超越（竞争对手）Theirlatestcomputeroutstripsallitsrivals.WordsandExpressionsdynamicsn.[pl.]thewayinwhichpeopleorthingsbehaveandreacttoeachotherinaparticularsituation（人或事物）相互作用的方式，动态（TEM8）Theinterchangeofideasaidsanunderstandingoffamilydynamics.WordsandExpressionsscenarion.adescriptionofhowthingsmighthappeninthefuture设想；方案；预测（CET6;TEM8）Theworst-casescenariowouldbeforthefactorytobecloseddown.WordsandExpressionsexacerbatev.tomakesomethingworse,especiallyadiseaseorproblem使恶化；使加剧；使加重（TEM8）Thesymptomsmaybeexacerbatedbycertaindrugs.WordsandExpressionsimpendingadj.[onlybeforenoun](usuallyofanunpleasantevent)goingtohappenverysoon（通常指不愉快的事）即将发生的；迫在眉睫的（TEM8）Shehadasenseofimpendingdoom.WordsandExpressionsrecycledpolyethyleneterephthalate(rPET):再生聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，即，将使用过后的PET产品回收后的再制品ThechairsaremadeofRecycledPolyethyleneTerephthalate(rPET),orrecycledplasticCokebottlesandamixofpigmentandglassfiber.WordsandExpressionstoutv.totrytopersuadepeoplethatsb/sthisimportantorvaluablebypraisingthem/it标榜；吹捧；吹嘘（TEM8）He’sbeingtoutedasthenextleaderoftheparty.WordsandExpressionsmitigatev.tomakesomethinglessharmful,serious,etc.减轻；缓和（TEM8）Soilerosionwasmitigatedbytheplantingoftrees.WordsandExpressionsresilientadj.abletofeelbetterquicklyaftersomethingunpleasantsuchasshock,injury,etc.可迅速恢复的；有适应力的He’llgetoverit.Youngpeopleareamazinglyresilient.WordsandExpressionscoalitionn.Acoalitionisagroupconsistingofpeoplefromdifferentpoliticalorsocialgroupswhoareco-operatingtoachieveaparticularaim.(政党、社团等的)同盟，联盟（CET6;TEM4）Hiscoalitionmayholdaclearmajoritybutthiscouldquicklyfallaway.WordsandExpressionscrassadj.verystupidandshowingnosympathyorunderstanding愚蠢而无同情心的Poprecordscanbecrassandcynical.WordsandExpressionsreconcilev.tofindanacceptablewayofdealingwithtwoormoreideas,needs,etc.thatseemtobeopposedtoeachother使和谐一致；调和；使配合（CET4;TEM4）Itwashardtoreconcilehiscareerambitionswiththeneedsofhischildren.WordsandExpressionsencompassv.toincludealargenumberorrangeofthings包含，包括，涉及（大量事物）（CET6;TEM8）Thejobencompassesawiderangeofresponsibilities.WordsandExpressionsstakeholdern.apersonorcompanythatisinvolvedinaparticularorganization,project,system,etc.,especiallybecausetheyhaveinvestedmoneyinit（某组织、工程、体系等的）参与人，参与方；有权益关系者Theresponsibilityofuniversityistosafeguardandsatisfytheinterestsofeverystakeholder.WordsandExpressionscircularityn.环（圈）状；度）；圆形性；环形性；圆（形）Thereisadangerouscircularityaboutthisargument.WordsandExpressionstransparencyn.thequalityofsomething,suchasanexcuseoralie,thatallowssbtoseethetrutheasily显而易见；一目了然（TEM4）Theywereshockedbythetransparencyofhislies.WordsandExpressionsaccountabilityn.responsibilitytosomeoneorforsomeactivity责任；有义务，有责任（CET4;CET6）Thisiswithinhissphereofaccountability.StructuralAnalysisPara.MainTopicsPara.1-11Backgroundinformationofresource-scarcityproblem.Para.12-21Stepscompaniescantakenowtofacewithsustainabilityscarcity.Para.22-30Stepstakentoaddressandleveragesustainabilityscarcities.NotesonTextB1.Whatissustainability?Ingeneral,sustainabilityisunderstoodasaformofintergenerationalethicsinwhichtheenvironmentalandeconomicactionstakenbypresentpersonsdonotdiminishtheopportunitiesoffuturepersonstoenjoysimilarlevelsofwealth,utility,orwelfare.可持续性被理解为代际伦理的一种形式，在这种伦理中，当代人所采取的环境和经济行动不会减少未来人享受类似财富、效用或福利的机会。NotesonTextB2. Whatcausesscarcityofresources?Ascarcityofresourcescanbecausedbyanumberofnaturalormanmadeprocessesdependingonthetypeofresourceinquestionandwhatusesithas.Thescarcityofcertainnaturalresourcesinselectpartsoftheglobeareusuallyattributedtogeologicalorbiologicalprocessesinnaturethatprecludetheirproduction,oroverusebylocalpopulationsastimepasses.Limitationsintheavailabilityofeconomicgoodscanalsobetracedtoascarcityofresourcesproducedbysocialandpoliticalconditionssuchasalackofadequatelabor,education,oradvancedtechnologyamongthepopulation.NotesonTextB2. Whatcausesscarcityofresources?资源稀缺可能是由许多自然或人为过程造成的，这取决于所涉及的资源类型及其用途。全球某些地区某些自然资源的稀缺通常归因于自然界的地质或生物过程，这些过程阻碍了这些资源的生产，或者随着时间的推移被当地人口过度使用。经济商品供应的限制也可以追溯到社会和政治条件所产生的资源稀缺，例如人