新教材适用2024-2025学年高中英语Unit4AdversityandCourageSectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage提能作业新人教版选择性必修第三册

UNIT4SectionⅡ一、语言基础训练Ⅰ.单词拼法1．Somepeoplechoosenottoeatmeatbecausetheybelievethatitiscruel(残酷的)toeatanimals.2．Myroomisdirty,andIneedathorough(彻底的)cleaningofittomorrow.3．Theroomwasverysimple,nearlywithoutanyfurniture(家具)andsimplydecorated.4．Unfortunately(不幸),theylosttheirdirectionintheforest.5．Wearealwaysbusywithourwork,onlyplayingbasketballonceaweekforrecreation(消遣)．6．Bob'snephew(侄子)isafreshmanatHarvardUniversitynow.7．Ifyouarelookingforsomeinspirationforyournextcorporate(公司的)trademarkdesign,thenthisistheplacetobe.8．I'vealwayslookedtomyfatherforguidance(指导)onthesematters.9．Thecottagewascoldanddamp(潮湿的)．10．Weadvertised(登广告)forstaffinalocalnewspaperlastweek.Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空1．Uptonow,wehavereceived(receive)nonewsfromher.2．Withthehelpoftheteachers,hehasmade(make)rapidprogressinhisstudies.3．Withtherapidgrowthofpopulation，thecityhasspread(spread)inalldirectionsinthepastfiveyears.4．Youshouldgotobed.Youhavebeenwatching(watch)TVfor5hours.5．Ihavebeenwriting(write)letterssincebreakfast.6．Ihavewritten(write)3letterssincebreakfast.7．Sorry,butMr.Smithhasleft(leave)forBeijing.8．Ihavebeenlooking(look)forhimeverywhere.Wherecanhebe?9．Josephhasbeengoing(go)toeveningclassessincelastmonth,buthestillcan'tsay“What'syourname？”inRussian.10．—WhoisJerryCopper?—Haven'tyoumet(notmeet)himyet?Isawyoushakinghandswithhimatthemeeting.Ⅲ.句型转换1．Theybegancontributingarticlestoourmagazineseveralyearsago,andtheykeepdoingsountilnow.→Alltheseyearstheyhavebeencontributingarticlestoourmagazine.2．IstartedtodrinkcoffeewhenIgottotheofficethisafternoon.Iamstilldrinkingcoffeenow.→IhavebeendrinkingcoffeealltheafternoonsinceIgottotheoffice.3．Ithasbeensixhourssincethebabyfellasleep.→Thebabyhasbeensleepingforsixhours.4．Mybrotherjoinedthepianoclubthreemonthsago.→Ithasbeen/isthreemonthssincemybrotherjoinedthepianoclub.5．LiLeimovedtoHangzhoutenyearsagoandheisstilllivingtherenow.→LiLeihasbeenlivinginHangzhoufortenyears.6．ThescientistcametostudytheChineseancientculturelastyearandheisstillworkinginChina.→ThescientisthasbeenstudyingtheChineseancientculturesincelastyear.7．Tom'sfatherdiedthreeyearsago.→Tom'sfatherhasbeendeadforthreeyears.二、培优提升训练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2024·广东省深圳市南头中学高二期中)ThoughthousandsofadventurershaveclimbedupMountEverest,thehighestandmostfamousoftheworld's14tallestmountains,only40climbershaveconqueredthemall.NepalesemountaineerPurjabecameoneofthemafterhereachedthe8,028-meterpeakofChina'sMt.ShishapangmaonOctober29,2024.Purjamadetheextraordinaryachievementinjustsixmonthsandsixdays,muchfasterthanlateSouthKoreanclimberKimChang-ho's2013recordof7years,tenmonths,andsixdays.“Iamincrediblyexcitedandproudtohavereachedthisfinalpeakandachievedmygoalofclimbingtheworld's14tallestmountainsinrecordtime，”Purjasaid.“Itwasextremelyhardsixmonths,andIhopetohaveproventhatanythingispossiblewithsomedetermination,self-belief,andpositivity.”Purja's“ProjectPossible”startedbecomingarealityonApril23,2024,whenhesuccessfullypeakedNepal's8,091meterstallMt.Annapurna.Theclimberthenrapidlycompletedthenextfivemountains,includingMt.Everest,withinonlyfourweeks!FivemorepeakswereconqueredinJulyandthelastthreeduringSeptemberandOctober.Theadventurer,whowasjoinedbyteamsofNepaleseclimbersoneachofhisadventures,encounteredmanymemorableandcriticalmoments.OnApril23,2024,whilegoingdownMt.Annapurna,PurjaandhisteamheardaboutaMalaysianclimberwhohadbeenseparatedfromhisgroupwithnofood,water,oroxygenforover40hours.Theymanagedtofindhimandgothimairliftedtoahospital.OnMay15,2024,Purja'steamsimilarlyhelpedthreetrappedclimbersonMt.Kanchenjungabygivingthemoxygen.Purjasaidhisprimarypurposeforundertakingthisenormoustaskwastoshowtheworldthatanyonecanattaingreatnessiftheyputtheirmindstoit.“Byachievingthisgoal,IknewIcouldinspirepeoplefromallgenerationsacrosstheworld，”hesaid.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了尼泊尔登山者Purja成功登顶中国的Shishapangma峰，完成了登上14座世界最高山峰的目标。并介绍了Purja对此举的看法，以及他的攀登经过，Purja说他担当这项艰难任务的主要目的是向世界表明，只要专心去做，任何人都可以获得宏大的成就。1．Whichwasthelastoftheworld's14tallestmountainsPurjapeaked？DA．Mt.Everest. B．Mt.Annapurna.C．Mt.Kanchenjunga. D．Mt.Shishapangma.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段中“NepalesemountaineerPurjabecameoneofthemafterhereachedthe8,028-meterpeakofChina'sMt.ShishapangmaonOctober29,2024.(尼泊尔登山家Purja在2024年10月29日登上中国8028米的高峰Shishapangma山后，成为其中的一员。)”以及其次段中“‘Iamincrediblyexcitedandproudtohavereachedthisfinalpeakandachievedmygoalofclimbingtheworld's14tallestmountainsinrecordtime，’Purjasaid.(Purja说：‘我特别激烈和骄傲，能够到达最终一座山峰，并实现了在创纪录的时间内登上世界14座最高山峰的目标。’)”可知，Purja登上的14座世界最高山峰中最终一座是Shishapangma峰。故选D。2．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPurja？CA．Capable,worthyandhonest.B．Brave,intelligentandtraditional.C．Determined,positiveandcaring.D．Creative,energeticandadventurous.解析：推理推断题。依据其次段中“Itwasextremelyhardsixmonths,andIhopetohaveproventhatanythingispossiblewithsomedetermination,self-belief,andpositivity.(这六个月特别艰难，我希望能够证明，只要有决心、自信和主动，一切皆有可能。)”以及第四段内容，可推知，Purja是一个有决心、主动和有爱心的人。A.Capable,worthyandhonest.(有实力、有价值、诚恳。)；B.Brave,intelligentandtraditional.(英勇、聪慧、传统。)；C.Determined,positiveandcaring.(坚决、主动、有爱心。)；D.Creative,energeticandadventurous.(富有创建力、活力和冒险精神。)。故选C。3．WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinParagraph4？BA．Thenumberofclimbersshouldbelimitedtoensuresafety.B．Purjaandhisteamarewillingtoassistclimbersintrouble.C．Itisimpossibletorescuetrappedclimbersonhighmountains.D．Necessarypreparationsmustbemadebeforeclimbingmountains.解析：推理推断题。依据第四段中“Theymanagedtofindhimandgothimairliftedtoahospital.OnMay15,2024,Purja'steamsimilarlyhelpedthreetrappedclimbersonMt.Kanchenjungabygivingthemoxygen.(他们设法找到了他，并用飞机把他送到了医院。2024年5月15日，Purja的团队同样帮助了三名被困在Kanchenjunga山的登山者，给他们供应了氧气。)”可知，作者想通过第四段的例子告知我们Purja和他的团队情愿帮助有困难的登山者。故选B。4．Whatmightbethebesttitleofthetext？DA．Mountaineering:AChallengingbutPopularSportB．Purja:AWorld-famousNepaleseClimbingPioneerC．KimChang-hoSucceededinClimbingupMt.EverestAloneD．NepaleseMountaineerConquersWorld's14HighestPeaksinSixMonths解析：标题归纳题。结合文章主要说明白尼泊尔登山者Purja成功登顶中国的Shishapangma峰，完成了登上14座世界最高山峰的目标。文章介绍了Purja对此举的看法，以及他的攀登经过，Purja说他担当这项艰难任务的主要目的是向世界表明，任何人都可以获得宏大的成就，只要他们专心去做。故D选项(尼泊尔登山者在六个月内折服了世界上14座最高峰)符合文章标题。故选D。B(2024·河北省沧州市部分学校高二月考)ItisBritain'smostbrutalrunningrace—268milesnon-stopalongthePennineWay.JasminParis,whoisstillbreastfeedingherdaughter,beat136othercompetitorsfrom15countries,125menincluded,towintheMontaneSpineRace.Shebrokethemen'srecordbyover12hours.Totrainfortherace,Parishadtogetupat4,whenshewouldheadoutforrunsinthehillsaroundherhomewhileherfamilywerestillinbed.Shealsowentonplentyoflonghikeswithherbaby.Shewasonthecoursefor83hoursand12minutes,pausingtopowernapandeatforonlysevenhours.Shehadtocarryeverythingsheneededandhadtonavigateusingamapandcompass,mostlyaloneandinthedark.Butshewasrelentless(坚韧的)．Almost20hoursaftershehadfinished,onlytwomenhadcompletedtherace,witheveryoneelseeitherstillonthecourseorretired.TopBritishultrarunnerandformerSpineRacefinisherDamianHallsays：“Herperformancewasextraordinary—oneofthegreatBritishultra-runningperformances.”OlympianJoPaveysaysParis'sperformancewas“awesomeandinspiring.”Sincefinishing,Parishascaughtlotsofattention,withtelevisionappearancesandChelseaClintontweetingabouthervictory.“Thishasbeenharderthantherace，”shesays.“AtleastthenIjusthadonejobtodo:keepputtingonefootinfrontoftheother.”Allshecravesnowisagoodnight'ssleep.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了还在给女儿喂奶的帕里斯击败了来自15个国家的136名其他选手，赢得了山脊竞赛赛跑的冠军。5．HowlongdidParisstopduringtherace？AA．7hours. B．12hours.C．20hours. D．83hours.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段中“Shewasonthecoursefor83hoursand12minutes,pausingtopowernapandeatforonlysevenhours.(竞赛持续了83小时12分钟，中途停下来打个盹和吃东西，只用了7个小时。)”可知，她在中途停了7个小时。故选A。6．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeParis？BA．Kindanddevoted.B．Inspiringanddetermined.C．ConsiderateandBrave.D．Generousandhard-working.解析：推理推断题。依据第三段中“Butshewasrelentless(坚韧的)．Almost20hoursaftershehadfinished,onlytwomenhadcompletedtherace,witheveryoneelseeitherstillonthecourseorretired.(但她特别坚韧。在她完成竞赛近20个小时后，只有两名男子完成了竞赛，其他人要么还在赛道上，要么已经退役。)”以及倒数其次段中“OlympianJoPaveysaysParis'sperformancewas‘awesomeandinspiring.’(奥运会选手乔·帕维说，Paris的表现‘令人惊羡，鼓舞人心’。)”可知，Paris是鼓舞人心和坚韧的。故选B。7．WhatdidParisthinkharderthanrunning？DA．Trainingfortheface.B．Takingcareofheryoungbaby.C．Gettinggoodnight'ssleep.D．Dealingwiththepublicattention.解析：推理推断题。依据最终一段中“Sincefinishing,Parishascaughtlotsofattention,withtelevisionappearancesandChelseaClintontweetingabouthervictory.‘Thishasbeenharderthantherace，’．..(自从完成竞赛后，Paris吸引了许多关注，她频频出现在电视上，ChelseaClinton也发推特庆祝她的成功。‘这比竞赛还难，’她说。‘至少那时我只有一件事要做：一步一步走下去。’)”可知，Paris认为处理公众的关注要比竞赛还难。故选D。8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？CA．TheLongestRunningRaceB．AMotherandHerYoungBabyC．AWomanBeatingMen'sRecordD．TheHardestRaceintheWorld解析：主旨大意题。通读文章，文章讲解并描述的是还在给女儿喂奶的Paris击败了来自15个国家的136名其他选手，赢得了山脊赛跑的冠军。她以超过12个小时的优势打破了男子纪录。故选C。Ⅱ.完形填空(2024·全国乙卷改编)TobecometheOlympicchampionintheindividual(个人)all-aroundevent,GabbyDouglashadtoleaveeverythingshe1.Dbest.ShehadtopackupherbedroominVirginia.Shehadtosay2.Atohertwodogsandtothebeach,whereshelovedto3.Cwavesonherboard.Butitwas4.Btotaketheleap(飞跃),however5.Bitwouldbe.Evenat14,Douglasknewthat.Soshe6.Dabout1,200milesawayfromhome,totrainwithacoachfromChina.Shelivedwithafamilyshehadnever7.Aandeverythingwasnewtoher.Asitturnedout,Douglasdid8.CwhatsheneededtodotobecomeOlympicchampionwhenshe9.AtwoRussians.TheChinesecoachtransformedDouglasintooneofthebestgymnastsintheworld,helpingherskyrocketfroman10.Cmemberofthenationalteamtothetopofthesport.By11.CtheOlympicall-aroundtitle,shebecamethefirstblackwomantodoso.Sheledthecompetitionfrombeginningtoend.Shesaidshehadfelt12.Aallalongthatshewouldwin.Notsolongago,MarthaKarolythecoordinator(联络人)ofthewomen'snationalteam,didnotthinkDouglashadwhatit13.DtobeanOlympian.Astimewentby,shethought14.BthatshecouldmaketheLondonGames—andwin.“I'mgoingtoinspiresomanypeople，”shesaid.“I'mreadyto15.A.”Andshineshedid.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲解并描述了美国体操运动员GabbyDouglas为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，不得不远离家乡，和一个来自中国的教练一起训练。最终Douglas赢得奥运会全能冠军，成为了第一个获此殊荣的黑人女性。1．A.tried B．thoughtC．judged D．knew解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了成为个人全能项目的奥运冠军，GabbyDouglas不得不放弃她最熟识的一切。依据下文的“herbedroom”“hertwodogs”“thebeach,whereshelovedto3wavesonherboard”可知，GabbyDouglas放弃她最熟识的一切，来到一个生疏的地方。A.try尝试；B.think思索；C.judge推断；D.know知道，熟识。故选D。2．A.goodbye B．helloC．thanks D．no解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不得不和她的两只狗以及她喜爱在冲浪板上冲浪的海滩说再见。由上文“GabbyDouglashadtoleaveeverything”可知，GabbyDouglas要离开自己的家，所以与家里的狗说再见。saygoodbyeto意为“与……告辞”。故选A。3．A.cause B．observeC．ride D．strike解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。ridethewaves意为“冲浪”。A.cause引起；B.observe视察；C.ride骑，漂移；D.strike打击。故选C。4．Amon B．timeC．fun D．tough解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，是时候迈出这一步了，无论这将是多么令人心碎。依据空前的but可知，该句与前文描述不舍得熟识的一切构成转折，故“是时候该迈出这一步了”符合语境，Itistimetodosth.意为“是时候做某事了”。Amon平民，一般；B.time时间；C.fun乐趣；D.tough艰难的，强硬的。故选B。5．A.breathtaking B．heartbreakingC．eye-catching D．head-spinning解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。上文提到的GabbyDouglas不得不放弃她最熟识的一切，可知放弃自己所熟识的一切是令人难过。A.breathtaking激烈人心的；B.heartbreaking令人心碎的，令人难过的；C.eye-catching引人注目的；D.head-spinning头晕的。故选B。6．A.droppedout B．movedonC．pulledover D．wentoff解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以她离家1200英里，和一个来自中国的教练一起训练。由下文“about1,200milesawayfromhome”可知，GabbyDouglas到了一个离家1200英里的地方。A.dropout退出；B.moveon接着；C.pullover靠边停车；D.gooff离开。故选D。7．A.met B．helpedC．understood D．needed解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起，一切对她来说都是全新的。由下文“everythingwasnewtoher”可知，一切对她来说都是全新的，所以此处指她和一个素未谋面的家庭住在一起，A.meet遇到，见过；B.help帮助；C.understand理解；D.need须要。故选A。8．A.approximately B．graduallyC．exactly D．possibly解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所须要做的一切。由下文“shebecamethefirstblackwomantodoso”可知，GabbyDouglas获得了奥运会全能冠军，因此GabbyDouglas完全完成了她成为奥运冠军所须要做的一切。A.approximately大约；B.gradually渐渐地；C.exactly精确地，完全；D.possibly可能地。故选C。9．A.defeated B．pleasedC．respected D．assisted解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。由上文“whatsheneededtodotobecomeOlympicchampion”和下文“theOlympicall-aroundtitle,shebecame