2024届上海市虹口区高三下学期二模英语试题（解析版）

虹口区2023学年度第二学期期中学生学习能力诊断测试高三英语试卷2024.04考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Onafarm. B.Atalibrary.C.Inasnackbar. D.Inadepartmentstore.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:Thecoloristerrific,butitsstyleseemsabitoutofdate.M:Oh,madam,that’spreciselywhyit’savailableatadiscount.Q:Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.7:00. B.7:30.C.8:00. D.8:30.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M:Don’tbetoohardonyourself.Startingamorningclassat7:00a.m.isquiteearlyafterall.W:No,actually,they’vemovedtheclasstostartat8:00a.m.now,butIstillendedupbeing30minuteslateyesterday.Q:Whendidthewomanarriveattheclassyesterday?3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Sheisinferiortohiminmaths. B.Sheisreallygoodatmaths.C.Shedoesn’tworkhardatmaths. D.Shedidn’tdowellinthistest.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Youdidwellinthemathstest,Ali.M:NotaswellasGill.She’sthebrainsinourclass!Q:WhatdoesthemanimplyaboutGill?4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Hegotinjuredyesterday. B.Hedidn’tfinishhispaperontime.C.Hefailedtosubmithispaperontime. D.Hecouldn’tfocushismindonthepaper.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:What’sup?Youlooksoupset.M:Ishouldhaveturnedinmypaperyesterday,butittotallyslippedmymind.Q:What’stheman’sproblem?5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.HeadmiresEmmaforhercourage.B.Hedoesn’tunderstandwhatEmmasaid.C.HegetsangrywithEmmaatthemeeting.D.HethinksEmmashouldtakeabusinesscourse.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Emmareallylosthertemperduringthemeeting.Sheneedstobemorediplomatic.M:Iagreewithyouonthat,butwealsohavetoacknowledgeherbraveryinstandingupforwhatshebelievesin.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?6.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Thewomanislookingforaresearchtopic.B.Thewomanisstrugglingwithdataanalysis.C.Themanistoobusytoofferhelp.D.Themancan’tmakesenseofthedata.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:I’vebeenworkingonthisreallytoughpaperforweeks,andIjustcan’tfigureoutthepartaboutanalyzingdata.M:Igethowtoughthatcanbe.Howaboutyouexplainingthedatatome?Andtogetherwecanbrainstormsomeideas.Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?7.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Theyarestressedoutduetotheirwork.B.Theycarelittleaboutthelackofofficesupplies.C.Theyareconcernedabouttheoffice’scleanliness.D.Theyaretornbetweenworkandfamilyresponsibilities.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Ican’tbelievehowbusytheofficehasbeenlately.There’ssomuchpaperworktohandleandthedeadlinesarepilingup.W:Itfeelslikewe’reconstantlyracingagainsttheclock.Q:Whatisthemainconcernofthespeakers?8.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.ProfessorWangisverygoodatteachingbiology.B.Itisunfortunateforthemantohavebiologyclass.C.Thebiologicalproblemishardforallthestudents.D.Themanstilldoesn’tunderstandtheproblem.【答案】D【解析】【原文】W:IthinkProfessorWangexplainedthebiologicalproblemveryclearly.M:Doyoureallythinkso?Unfortunately,it’sstillaclosedbooktome.Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?9.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Styleschangemorequicklythannecessary.B.Youngstersdon’treallyknowwhatfashionis.C.Peopleshouldcaremoreabouttheirappearance.D.It’snotsensibletogoafterdesignerclothing.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M:Idon’tknowwhydesignerclothingissopopularamongyoungsters.W:Iseeeyetoeyewithyou.There’snopointindoingso.Ifonlytheyknewhowquicklystyleschange!Q:Whatopiniondothespeakersagreewith?10.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Themanmusttakehistoryclassesthisterm.B.Sciencecourseisnotavailablethisterm.C.Therewillbeanewhistoryteacherthisterm.D.Shedoesn’tknowwhattherequiredcoursesarethisterm.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:I’mtornaboutchoosinganelective.Lastterm’shistoryteacherwasrough,andIwantaniceronenow.W:Youdorealizethatart,history,andscienceareallrequiredcoursesthisterm,right?Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.A.Amysteriouscode. B.Atheoryofpersonalitytypes.C.Apersonalitytype. D.Atesttoidentifyone’spersonality.12.A.Tojudgeanindividual’sabilities. B.Toidentifyabnormality.C.Tohelppeopleunderstandthemselves. D.Tohelpsettleworkplaceconflicts.13.A.Whetheritcanpromoteworkefficiency.B.Whetheritcanserveitsintendedpurpose.C.Whetheritcanpromotethepublicationofstudies.D.Whetheritcanshowpeople’spsychologicalstatus.【答案】11.C12.C13.B【解析】【原文】HaveyoueverheardsomeonedescribethemselvesasanINTJoranESTPandwonderedwhatthosemysteriousletterscouldmean?WhatthesepeoplearereferringtoistheirpersonalitytypebasedontheMyers-Briggs/ˈmaɪəzbrɪgz/TypeIndicator,orMBTI.TheMBTIisaself-reportlistofquestionsdesignedtoidentifyaperson’spersonalitytype,strengths,andpreferences.ItwasdevelopedbyIsabelMyersandhermotherKatherineBriggsbasedontheirworkwiththetheoryofpersonalitytypes.BasedontheanswerstothequestionsontheMBTI,peopleareidentifiedashavingoneof16personalitytypes.ThegoaloftheMBTIistoallowrespondentstofurtherexploreandunderstandtheirownpersonalitiesincludingtheirlikes,dislikes,strengths,weaknesses,andpossiblecareerpreferences.Noonepersonalitytypeis“best”or“better”thananother.Itisn’tatooldesignedtolookforabnormality.Instead,itsgoalissimplytohelpyoulearnmoreaboutyourself.DespitethefactthatthousandsofstudiesusingtheMBTIhavebeenpublishedoverthedecades,someresearchersquestionthereliabilityofitsresults.Thatsaid,theMBTIremainsoneofthemostwidely-recognizedpersonalitytestsgloballyforitssimplicity,easeofuseandlongstandinghistoryasaworkplacetool.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.A.Theyhavebeensenttowildlifeparksforprotection.B.Theirhabitatshavebeenwell-protected.C.Theyhavebeentakencareofbylocals.D.Theirpopulationhasalmostdoubled.15.AShefoughtagainstillegalhunting. B.Shehelpedtocuretheirdisease.C.Sheimprovedtheirlivingconditions. D.Shewasengagedinpreservingforests.16.A.Toteachpeoplehowtotreatgorillas. B.ToboosttheeconomyofUganda.C.TobettertheBatwapeople’slives. D.Toraisefundsforwildlifeprotection.【答案】14.D15.B16.C【解析】【原文】Mountaingorillas,whichareverylargemonkeys,arefoundintheforestsofCongo,UgandaandRwanda/ruːˈɑːndə/.Theyhavefacedmultiplethreatstotheirsurvivaloverthelast120years.Duetoillegalhunting,habitatlossandhuman-transferredillnesses,therewereonlyaround600leftby1989.Today,thatnumberhasincreasedtomorethan1000—thanksinparttotheworkofwildlifedoctorGladysKalema./ˈɡlædɪs//kəˈleɪmə/WhenKalema/kəˈleɪmə/beganhercareerwiththeUgandaWildlifeAuthorityin1996,shetreatedmountaingorillassufferingfromadeadlyformofdiseasethattheyhadpickedupfromhumanslivingindirtyconditionsneartheforests.“Irealisedthatyoucannotprotectthegorillaswithoutimprovingthehealthoftheirhumanneighbours,”shesays.In2003,KalemafoundedanorganisationcalledConservationThroughPublicHealth,CTPHinshort,whichaddressesthephysicalandeconomicwellbeingofthelocalBatwapeoplewholiveintheforests.Theorganisationteacheshealth,conservationawarenessandprovideseconomicopportunitiesforfamiliesthatwouldotherwiseturntoillegalhunting.Kalema,wholastyearreceivedaUnitedNationsChampionoftheEarthAward,said:“We’reshowingpeoplethatwedon’tcareonlyaboutwildanimalsandtheforest.Wealsocareaboutthem.”听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.A.RaisingfundstofilmtheX-FilesTVseries.B.Switchingfromanacademicpathtoacting.C.Givingupthehard-wonpositionofadoctor.D.RejectingtheoffersfromtheIvyLeague.18.A.Beingthoughtfulandsomewhatofaloner. B.Havingascientificapproachtolife.C.Enjoyingriskyadventures. D.Beingoverlyoptimistic.19.A.Hedidn’tgotocollege. B.Heisseriousandfocused.C.Hedoesn’tbelieveinUFOs. D.Hesufferedalotfromhisdivorce.20.A.Youwillgrowstrongerbyovercomingchallenges.B.Youarenotsupposedtoblameothersevenifyouarehurt.C.Youcan’tpreventothershurtingyoufromtimetotime.D.Youwillbecomepowerfulifdrivenbyyourdesires.【答案】17.B18.A19.B20.A【解析】【原文】W:Goodevening,David,I’msogladtohaveyouhere.M:It’smypleasure.Thankyouforinvitingmeontheshow.W:Let’sdiveintoyourroleasMulderinTheX-Files.Thecharacterissupposedtobeafirmbelieverinthingslikealiensandmysteriousevents.Howwasplayingthat?M:Exactly.It’safascinatingcharactertoplay.W:I’vereadaboutyourimpressiveacademicbackground.FromexcellingintopschoolstobeingacceptedbymostoftheIvyLeague.It’sevenmoresurprisingwhenyou,onyourwaytoadoctorateatYale,tookafewactingclassesandgotbeatenbythebook.M:Yeah,itsurprisedmymotherasmuchasanyone.W:SpeakingofMulder,doyoupersonallybelieveinlifebeyondEarthandUFOsightings,likeintheshow?M:Ido.There’sgottobemoreouttherethanweknow.W:AreyousimilartoMulderinbeingthoughtfulandabitofaloner?M:Isupposeso.Thedirectorneededsomeonewhocouldbeseriousandfocusedbutalsointegratewithoutseemingodd.W:Yourfatherandmotherdivorcedwhenyouwereeleven.Doesthathaveeffectonyourlife?M:Yeah,Ithinkthattheonlywaytothinkofitisthat,youknow,peoplearesaying“yourwoundisyourgoal”,youknow,“whereveryou’rehurt,that’swhereyou’llbecomestronger.”So,that’swhatit’sreallyabout.W:Thankyou,David.We’llpausehereforamomentandreturnshortly.Questions:1.WhatdecisiondidDavidmakethatsurprisedhismother?2.InwhatwaydoesDavidrelatetohischaracterMulder?3.WhatcanbelearnedaboutDavid?4.Whatdoes“yourwoundisyourgoal”meanintheconversation?II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.NoFilmingatConcertsandMovieTheatersonPhones“Please,noflashphotography.”Politerequestslikethiscanbefoundinmuseumsallovertheworld,buttheygenerallydon’tdiscouragepeoplefromtakingphotosof____21____theyfeellike.Thesamegoesforconcerts,movietheatersandotherplaces____22____peopleroutinelyignorefilmingrestrictions.AnewpatentfromApplemayblockthatrule-breakingfeature—onphonesatleast.Thepatent,____23____(award)toAppletoday,outlinesasystemwhichwouldallowvenues,likeconcerthallsortheaters,touseaninfraredemitter(红外发射器)toremotelydisablethecamerafunctiononsmartphones.Accordingtothepatent,infraredbeamscouldbepickedupbythecamera,andinterpretedbythesmartphoneasacommand____24____(block)theuserfromtakinganyphotosorvideos.Manymusiciansandperformershavebannedcellphonesfromtheirshows____25____theyobjecttothefreefootagecirculatingaroundtheweb.____26____this,imagesstillmanagetoleakout.Prince’slastconcertbeforehepassedawayinAprilwassupposedtobecellphone-free—itapparentlywasn’t.IfApple’spatent____27____(introduce)intoiPhonesoftware,withvenuesputtinginfraredemittersaroundtheirstage,leakslikethiscouldpotentiallystophappening.Butthepatentalsoraisesquestionsaboutthesortofpowerthatthistechnologywouldbehandingoverto____28____withmoreimmoralintentions.Giventhecompany’srigidsupportofpersonalprivacywhenitcomestopolicerequeststobreakintousers’devices,it’spossiblethatApplejust____29____(patent)thetechnologysothatnooneelsewilluseit.Butwhoknows,ifitdoesintendtointroducethisfeaturetofutureoperatingsystems,salesofcamcorders,orevenGoPros,couldgetamuch-neededboost,aspeopletrytoavoid_____30_____(use)theprohibitivesoftware.【答案】21.what##whatever##something##anything22.where23.awarded24.toblock25.because##as##since26.Despite27.isintroduced28.someone##those29.patented30.using【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。苹果公司刚刚为一个系统申请了专利，该系统将允许音乐厅或剧院等场所使用红外发射器远程禁用智能手机上的摄像头功能。根据该专利，红外光束可以被相机拾取，并被智能手机解读为阻止用户拍摄任何照片或视频的命令。【21题详解】考查连词或者代词。句意：像这样礼貌的要求在世界各地的博物馆都可以找到，但它们通常不会阻止人们拍摄自己喜欢的东西。分析句子可知，空格处为介词of的宾语。根据句意，此处指物，可译为“东西；事物”，可以用what(ever)连接宾语从句，或者something/anything为先行词，theyfeellike是省略了关系代词的定语从句。故填what(ever)/something/anything。【22题详解】考查定语从句。句意：音乐会、电影院和其他人们经常忽视拍摄限制的地方也是如此。分析句子可知，此处是限定性定语从句。先行词为places，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。【23题详解】考查过去分词。句意：在今天授予苹果的这项专利概述了一种系统，该系统将允许音乐厅或剧院等场所使用红外发射器远程禁用智能手机上的摄像头功能。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。被修饰词

Thepatent与award是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。故填awarded。【24题详解】考查动词不定式。句意：根据该专利，红外光束可以被相机拾取，并被智能手机解读为阻止用户拍摄任何照片或视频的命令。分析句子可知，空格处应填入非谓语动词。根据句意，此处是非谓语动词作定语修饰command

，表目的，应用动词不定式。故填toblock。【25题详解】考查状语从句。句意：许多音乐家和表演者已经禁止手机参加他们的演出，因为他们反对网络上流传的免费视频。分析句子可知，空格处应填入状语从句的引导词。由句意可知，此处表示原因，应用because/as/since引导原因状语从句。故填because/as/since。【26题详解】考查介词。句意：尽管如此，图像仍然会泄露出去。分析句子可知，空格处应填入介词。根据句意，此处指“虽然；尽管”，应用介词despite，置于句首，首字母应大写。故填Despite。【27题详解】考查动词时态、语态以及虚拟语气。句意：如果苹果的专利被引入iPhone软件，在舞台周围放置红外发射器，这样的泄漏可能会停止发生。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据主句内容可知，此处条件状语从句应用一般现在时态。主语Apple’spatent

与动词introduce是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。故填isintroduced。【28题详解】考查代词。句意：但这项专利也引发了人们的疑问，即这项技术将把什么样的权力交给意图更不道德的人。分析句子可知，空格处应填入代词作宾语。根据句意，此处指人，应使用someone/those作宾语。故填someone/those。【29题详解】考查时态。句意：考虑到该公司在警方要求侵入用户设备时对个人隐私的严格支持，苹果可能只是为这项技术申请了专利，这样其他人就不会使用它。分析句子可知，空格处作谓语。根据上文可知，“苹果为这项技术申请专利”已经发生，故用一般过去时。故填patented。【30题详解】考查动名词。句意：但谁知道呢，如果它真的打算在未来的操作系统中引入这一功能，摄像机甚至GoPros的销售可能会得到急需的提振，因为人们试图避免使用这种令人望而却步的软件。根据空前的

avoid

可知，空格处应填入动名词作宾语。故填using。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.chaosB.consumeC.plentifulD.dischargeE.evolutionarilyF.extentG.freezeH.mechanismI.novelJ.subsequentlyK.unstableScienceinImagesOystermushroomsfeatureincuisinesaroundtheworld,buttheyshouldbeoffthemenuforhungryworms--whichthesedeliciousmushroomswillkillandeat.Nowresearchersfinallyknowhowtheydoit.AstudypublishedinScienceAdvancesdetailshowoystermushroomsuseaparticularpoisonoussubstancetofreezeandgetridofmushroom-eatingroundwormscallednematodes(线虫).Themushrooms,whichgrowonnutrient-poordeadwood,then___31___thewormsfornutrition.“Nematodeshappentobethemost___32___animalsthesemushroomsencounter.SoIthink,___33___,thiscross-kingdominteractionisveryinteresting,”saysstudyseniorauthor.Thestudyteamofgeneticists,biochemistsandbiologistshadpreviouslyfoundthatoystermushroomsreleaseanunidentifiedpoisonoussubstancethatwillsomehow___34___thewormswithinminutesandcauseachemicalelementtoflowintotheircells,killingthem.This___35___differsfromthoseusedbyothermeat-eatingmushroomsandcouldbeuniquetooystermushrooms.Fortheirnewwork,theresearchersgrewandanalyzedsamplesofthemushroom’stissue,findingnonoticeablepoisonevenwhentheybrokeitup.Theyreasonedthatwhateverwaskillingthewormsmustbeakindof___36___compoundthatdisappearsintoairwhendisturbed.Whentheydamagedtheoystermushroomtissueagainand___37___analyzedthenearbyair,theyfinallyfoundanervegasthatturnedouttobecontainedwithtiny,special-shapedstructuresonthemushroomsurface.Whennematodestouchthemushrooms,thesestructures___38___theirgas,disturbingtheworms’cellwallstocauseimmobilityanddeath.Thewormisthendigestedbythemushrooms.Beforethisstudy,“weunderestimatedthe___39___towhichwildmushroomsdefendagainstorconsumenematodes,”notesNickTalbot,ageneticistatSainsburyLaboratoryinNorwich,England.Thestudydemonstrates“avery____40____approach,”headds.“Theseorganismsarereallydifficulttoworkon,andDr.Hsuehisshowingthatyoucandosomereallyamazingworkwiththem.”【答案】31.B32.C33.E34.G35H36.K37.J38.D39.F40.I【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，蚝菇可以利用一种特殊的有毒物质冷冻并清除食蘑菇的线虫。【31题详解】考查动词。句意：蘑菇生长在营养不良的枯木上，然后吃掉蠕虫为了获取营养。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据空后fornutrition可知，这些蚝菇为了营养吃掉了蠕虫。根据句意，此处指“吃；消耗”，故填consume。故选B。【32题详解】考查形容词。句意：该研究的资深作者说：“线虫恰好是这些蘑菇遇到的数量最多的动物。”根据空前

themost

可知，空处应填入形容词。根据句意，此处指“丰富的；充足的”，故填plentiful。故选C。【33题详解】考查副词。句意：所以我认为，从进化角度来看，这种跨王国的互动非常有趣。分析句子可知，空处应填入副词作状语。根据句意，此处指“进化上”，故填evolutionarily。故选E。【34题详解】考查动词。句意：由遗传学家、生物化学家和生物学家组成的研究小组此前发现，蚝菇会释放一种未知的有毒物质，这种物质会在几分钟内以某种方式冷冻蠕虫，并导致一种化学元素流入它们的细胞，杀死它们。根据空前

will

可知，空处应填入动词原形。根据上文oystermushroomsuseaparticularpoisonoussubstancetofreeze

可知，蚝菇冷冻蠕虫，故此处指“冷冻”，故填freeze。故选G。【35题详解】考查名词。句意：这种机制不同于其他食肉蘑菇所使用的机制，可能是牡蛎蘑菇所独有的。根据空前

This

可知，空处应填入名词作主语。根据句意，此处指“机制”，故填mechanism。故选H。【36题详解】考查形容词。句意：他们推断，杀死蠕虫的东西一定是一种不稳定的化合物，当受到干扰时会消失在空气中。根据空后

compound可知，空处应填入形容词作定语。根据句意，此处指“不稳定的”，故填unstable。故选K。【37题详解】考查副词。句意：当他们再次破坏蚝菇组织并随后分析附近的空气时，他们最终发现了一种神经气体，这种气体原来包含在蘑菇表面的微小异形结构中。分析句子可知，空处应填入副词作状语。根据句意，此处指“随后”，故填subsequently。故选J。【38题详解】考查动词。句意：当线虫接触蘑菇时，这些结构会释放气体，扰乱蠕虫的细胞壁，导致其静止不动和死亡。分析句子可知，空处应填入动词作谓语。根据句意，此处指“释放”，故填discharge。故选D。【39题详解】考查名词。句意：在这项研究之前，“我们低估了野生蘑菇抵御或消耗线虫的程度，”英国诺里奇塞恩斯伯里实验室的遗传学家尼克·塔尔博特指出。根据空前

the以及空后的to可知，空处应填入名词。根据句意，此处指“程度”，故填

extent。故选F。【40题详解】考查形容词。句意：他补充道，这项研究展示了“一种非常新颖的方法”。根据空前avery可知，空处应填入形容词作定语。根据句意，此处指“新颖的”，故填novel。故选I。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Inthemiddleof2023,astudyconductedbytheHuthLabattheUniversityofTexassentshockwavesthroughthefieldsofneuroscience(神经科学)andtechnology.Forthefirsttime,thethoughtsandimpressionsofpeople___41___tocommunicatewiththeoutsideworldweretranslatedintocontinuousnaturallanguage,usingacombinationofartificialintelligence(AI)andbrainimagingtechnology.Thisistheclosestsciencehasyetcometo___42___someone’smind.Losingtheabilitytocommunicateisadeepcuttoone’ssenseofself.___43___thisabilitygivesthepatientgreatercontrolovertheirlives.Butitcouldalsogiveotherentities,suchascorporations,researchersandotherthirdparties,a(n)___44___degreeofinsightinto,orevencontrolover,thelivesofpatients.TheNeuroRightsFoundation,basedatColumbiaUniversityinNewYork,arguesthatnewrightssurroundingneurotechnologieswillbe___45___forallhumanstopreservetheirprivacy,identity,andfreewill.Thepotential___46___ofdisabledpatientsmakesthisaparticularlyimportantproblem.___47___thisapproach,Chilewasthefirstcountrythatadoptedlegislation,draftingnewlaws,toaddresstherisksofneurotechnology.Itnotonlyintroducedanewconstitutionalrighttomental___48___,butisalsointheprocessofadoptingabillthatbanssellingneurodata,andforcesallneurotechdevicestoberegulatedasmedicaldevices,eventhoseintendedforthegeneralconsumer.Theproposedlegislationrecognizestheintensely___49___natureofneuraldataandconsidersitasorgantissues,whichcannotbeboughtorsold,onlydonated.Butthislegislationhasalsofaced____50____,withlegalscholarsquestioningtheneedfornewrightsandpointingoutthatitcoulddiscouragebeneficialbrainresearchfordisabledpatients.WhilethelegalactiontakenbyChileisthemostimpactfuland____51____todate,othercountriesareconsideringupdatingexistinglawstofacethenewdevelopmentsinneurotechnologies.Andwhileitislikelythatthefirstapplicationsofneurotechwillbemedical,future____52____arelikelytoinvolveconsumerapplicationssuchasentertainment,aswellasformilitaryandsecuritypurposes.Thegrowing____53____ofneurotechnologyinacommercialcontextonlycausesmorelegalconcerns.Differentpeople,societies,andcultureswilldisagreeonwheretodrawtheline.Weareata(n)____54____stageoftechnologicaldevelopment.Andaswebegintouncoverthegreatpotentialofbrainscience,theneedtoconsidertheirimplicationsforlegalactionbecomesmore____55____.41.A.eager B.ready C.unwilling D.unable42.A.clearing B.occupying C.changing D.reading43.A.Reducing B.Restricting C.Restoring D.Requiring44.A.irrelevant B.uncomfortable C.negligible D.supportive45.A.needed B.limited C.controlled D.denied46.A.application B.weakness C.impact D.significance47.A.Incomparisonwith B.Inlinewith C.Attheconclusionof D.Atthecostof48.A.integrity B.condition C.disorder D.function49.A.group B.general C.physical D.personal50.A.interaction B.chance C.criticism D.defence51.A.far-reaching B.labor-saving C.short-sighted D.ill-timed52.A.advances B.arrangements C.requirements D.policies53.A.confidence B.availability C.membership D.movement54A.mature B.initial C.different D.final55.A.diversified B.genuine C.pressing D.special【答案】41.D42.D43.C44.B45.A46.B47.B48.A49.D50.C51.A52.A53.B54.B55.C【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。德克萨斯大学HuthLab进行的一项研究在神经科学和技术领域引发了冲击波。恢复交流困难病人的交流能力可以让病人更好地掌控自己的生活，但它也可以让其他实体在某种程度上了解甚至控制病人的生活，因此，随着脑科学的更多开发，考虑神经技术的应用对法律行动的影响变得更加迫切。【41题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过人工智能(AI)和脑成像技术的结合，无法与外界交流的人的思想和印象首次被翻译成连续的自然语言。A.eager渴望的；B.ready准备好的；C.unwilling不愿意的；D.unable不能够的。根据“weretranslatedintocontinuousnaturallanguage”和下文“Losingtheabilitytocommunicate”可知，空处修饰people，此处表示一些人无法与外界交流，他们的想法被翻译成语言。故选D项。【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是迄今为止最接近读心术的科学方法。A.clearing清理；B.occupying占据；C.changing改变；D.reading看透（心思或想法）、读懂。根据上文“Forthefirsttime,thethoughtsandimpressionsofpeople___1___tocommunicatewiththeoutsideworldweretranslatedintocontinuousnaturallanguage”可知，有交流困难的人的想法被翻译成语言，这是一种解读大脑思维的方法。故选D项。【43题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：恢复这种能力可以让病人更好地掌控自己的生活。A.Reducing减少；B.Restricting限制；C.Restoring恢复；D.Requiring要求。根据“givesthepatientgreatercontrolovertheirlives.”及前文“Losingtheabilitytocommunicateisadeepcuttoone’ssenseofself.”可知，有的人无法交流，恢复这种能力能让病人更好的生活。故选C项。【44题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但它也可以让其他实体，如公司、研究人员和其他第三方，在某种程度上了解甚至控制病人的生活。A.irrelevant不相关的；B.uncomfortable不舒适的；C.negligible微不足道的；D.supportive支持的。根据“Butitcouldalsogiveotherentities,suchascorporations,researchersandotherthirdparties”及“degreeofinsightinto,orevencontrolover,thelivesofpatients”可知，解读大脑虽然可以给病人带来好处，但是也会在让他们不舒适的程度上控制他们的生活。故选B项。【45题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：位于纽约哥伦比亚大学的神经权利基金会(NeuroRightsFoundation)认为，所有人都需要围绕神经技术赋予新的权利，以保护自己的隐私、身份和自由意志。A.needed需要；B.limited限制；C.controlled控制；D.denied否认。根据“newrightssurroundingneurotechnologieswillbe”及“forallhumanstopreservetheirprivacy,identity,andfreewill.”可知，需要围绕神经技术赋予新的权利，以保护自己的隐私、身份和自由意志。故选A项。【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：残疾患者的潜在弱点使这成为一个特别重要的问题。A.application申请，应用；B.weakness弱点；C.impact影响；D.significance意义。根据“ofdisabledpatientsmakesthisaparticularlyimportantproblem”可知，残疾患者是弱者，有着交流上的弱点，所以需要新的权力才能保护自己的隐私、身份和自由意志，这是十分重要的问题。故选B项。【47题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：与这种方法一致，智利是第一个通过立法，起草新法律来解决神经技术风险的国家。A.Incomparisonwith与……相比；B.Inlinewith与……一致；C.Attheconclusionof在……结束时；D.Atthecostof以……为代价。根据上文所说“thatnewrightssurroundingneurotechnologieswillbe___5___forallhumanstopreservetheirprivacy,identity,andfreewill.”及“Chilewasthefirstcountrythatadoptedlegislation,draftingnewlaws,toaddresstherisksofneurotechnology.”可知，智利的做法与上文提及的方法一致。故选B项。【48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它不仅引入了精神健全的新宪法权利，而且还在通过一项禁止销售神经数据的法案，并迫使所有神经技术设备作为医疗设备进行监管，即使是那些面向普通消费者的设备。A.integrity完整；B.condition条件；C.disorder混乱；D.function功能。根据结合上文“___3___thisabilitygivesthepatientgreatercontrolovertheirlives.”及空后法案内容可知，该法案与上文方法一致，不仅引入了精神健全的新宪法权利，还保障了数据安全性。故选A项。【49题详解】考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：拟议的立法承认神经数据具有强烈的个人性质，并将其视为器官组织，不能买卖，只能捐赠。A.group小组；B.general整体上；C.physical身体上的；D.personal个人的。根据“whichcannotbeboughtorsold,onlydonated”可知，该立法承认神经数据具有强烈的个人性质，不能买卖、捐赠。故选D项。【50题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但这项立法也面临着批评，法律学者质疑新权利的必要性，并指出它可能会阻碍对残疾患者有益的大脑研究。A.interaction互动；B.chance机会；C.criticism批评；D.defence防御。根据“withlegalscholarsquestioningtheneedfornewrightsandpointingoutthatitcoulddiscouragebeneficialbrainresearchfordisabledpatients.”可知，该立法也接受了法律学者的批评。故选C项。【51题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然智利采取的法律行动是迄今为止最具影响力和影响深远的，但其他国家正在考虑更新现有法律，以应对神经技术的新发展。A.far-reaching影响深远的；B.labor-saving节省劳力的；C.short-sighted目光短浅的；D.ill-timed不合时宜的。根据“themostimpactful”可知，空处与形容词impactful并列，表示“影响深远的”，情感色彩一致。故选A项。【52题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然神经技术的第一个应用很可能是医疗，但未来的发展可能会涉及娱乐等消费应用，以及军事和安全目的。A.advances发展、进步；B.arrangements安排；C.requirements要求；D.policies政策。根据“arelikelytoinvolveconsumerapplicationssuchasentertainment,aswellasformilitaryandsecuritypurposes.”可知，此处表示这项技术的未来发展和进步。故选A项。【53题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：神经技术在商业环境中的日益普及只会引起更多的法律问题。A.confidence自信心；B.availability可用性，可能性；C.membership会员身份；D.movement移动，运动。根据前文“future___12___arelikelytoinvolveconsumerapplicationssuchasentertainment,aswellasformilitaryandsecuritypurposes.”可知，越多的普及该技术可用性，就会引起更多法律问题。故选B项。【54题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们正处于技术发展的初级阶段。A.mature成熟的；B.initial起初的；C.different不同的；D.final最终的。根据后文“Andaswebegintouncoverthegreatpotentialofbrainscience”可知，我们正处于技术发展的初级阶段。故选B项。【55题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们开始发现脑科学的巨大潜力时，考虑它们对法律行动的影响变得更加迫切。A.diversified多样化的；B.genuine真诚的；C.pressing紧迫的；D.special特别的。根据“Andaswebegintouncoverthegreatpotentialofbrainscience,theneedtoconsidertheirimplicationsforlegalactionbecomesmore”可知，脑科学发展越多，其中涉及的个人信息数据安全就越多，考虑法律影响就越迫切。故选C项。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveral