爱尔兰的教育

TheEducationinIreland---Group82021/6/271CONTENTThesystemofIreland'seducationThescientistsThecharacteristicsofIreland'seducationUniversities2021/6/272AbriefintroductionoftheIrisheducation2021/6/273

religion&education

Traditionally,Irisheducationwasundertakenbyvariousreligiousorders,mostlyRomanCatholic(罗马天主教).

withtheresultthatfortyyearsago,almostthreequartersofexistingschoolwere”denominational”(教派的).InIrelandtoday,therearemanyschoolofCatholicorientation,farfewerofProtestant;oneJewishandoneMuslimschool.2021/6/2741960TheIrishgovernmentmadeeducatingitsyoungpeoplepriority.Abouthalfeachgenerationemigrated,oftentolow-leveljobsintheUnitedKingdomorAmerica.2021/6/275

instituteasystemofteacherpaymentspercapitagrantsforsectarianor“denominational”schoolthusrenderingthemvirtuallyfreeforstudentswhilemaintainingtheformersectarianstructuresofedcationresultafter1960,theparticipationinsecondleveledcationrosefromabout45%toupto90%2021/6/276

In1996-1997theIrishgovernmentextendedfreeeducationtocoverallpublicuniersities,asiscommoninmostofEuropeancourtries.Asaresult,todaytheIrisheducationsystemisamongthecheapestandbestinEurope-buttheuniversitiesthemselvescomplaintheyarechronically(长期地)starvedforfunding.Itshouldbenotedthat“free”edcationatIrishuniversitiesisopenonlytoestablishedIrishresidents.2021/6/277InIreland,edcationiscompulsory(义务的)forchildrenaged6to15.AllchildrenintheRepublicmustlearntheIrishlanguage.TheeducationsystemisadministeredcentrallybytheDepartmentofEducationwhichprovidesthebulkofcurrentandcapitalfunding.2021/6/278ThreelevelsoftheIrelandeducationFirst-levelSecond-levelThird-level2021/6/279GeographyIrishMathematicsEnglishFrenchArtHistoryMusicPhysicalEducationCraftsSocial

and

Environmental

StudiesFirst-levelSchools2021/6/2710Second-levelSchools12VariousTypes2021/6/2711theLeavingCertificateexamsChineseGaokao

Attheendoftheseniorcycle2021/6/2712Third-levelSchoolsTherearefivepublicuniversitiesintheState.TheRegionalTechnicalCollegeandtheDublinInstituteofTechnologyplaceaheavyemphasisonappliedscienceandontechnologicaleducation,particularlyintheareaofthenewtechnologies.Manyofthesethird-levelinstitutionsexpandedrapidlyinthe1970stomeetthegovernment'sdemandformoreinclusiveuniversityeducationfortheIrishpeople.Sincethemid-1980s,however,theIrishpopulationhasbeguntodecline,withtheresultthattheIrishuniversitysectorisexpandingrapidlyintotheforeignmarket.2021/6/2713TeachingcharacteristicsinIreland2021/6/2714Thebiggestcharacteristicisofall-rounddevelopment,especiallypayattentiontophysicalexercise,everydaytheywillbeorganizedorspontaneousorganizationofextracurricularsportsactivities,fromexerciseteambasketball,football,toenhanceendurancerunning,walking,thisisnotonlytheirlife,buttheyarepartofschoollife.1.Payattentiontophysicalexercise,all-rounddevelopment2021/6/2715TheoutlineoftheprimaryschooleducationinIrelandclearlystipulatesthephysicaleducationcurriculummustincludesixsportsactivities:AthleticsDancegymnasticsGames

Outdoorandadventureactivitiesaquatics2021/6/27162.Respectthedifferencesofstudents,encouragestudentstoworkincooperativelearning2021/6/2717MoststudentswillreadintothenearestforconvenienceandaslongasthereisproofofresidenceinIreland,totheageoftheage,caneasilyadmission.Sotherewillbeaclassofstudentsofdifferentnationalities,differentcolor,disabledchildrenandnormalchildreninthesameclassintheclassisalsoverycommon.2021/6/2718Therefore,itisanimportantstandardtomeasurewhetheraschoolisagoodone.Oneoftheeffectivewayistocarryoutindividualizededucation.2021/6/27193.Campussecurityisatoppriority!2021/6/2720IrelandisanoguncountryandIreland'sschoolsareclosed,donotallowoutsiderstovisit.Ifyouwanttoapplyfortheschooltovisit,inadvanceatleast1monthstosubmitonlineapplications,aftertheschoolgivingapproval,youcanvisittheschool.Studentsarenotallowedtogohomealone,thechild'sschoolhasaschoolbusride,ifyoudonotusetheschoolbus,parentsorguardiansneedtopersonallypick.2021/6/2721Irelandhasaclearanddetaileddescriptionofthelocationofchildren'sfacilities.Ifitispossibletoaffectthechild'shealth,safetyfacilitiesandbuildings,mustbefarawayfromchildren.2021/6/27222021/6/2723Inchildren'sfacilities,Irelandhastwospecializedindependentregulatoryagenciesthatareindependentofthesocialsector.---TuslaInspectionsandPobalComplianceVisits.2021/6/27244.Readasjourney:oneyearinternship2021/6/2725MiddleschoolstudentsinIrelandfor6years,whichwasthreeyearsbeforetheinitialstage,aftertwoyearsofhighschool,inparticularherefourthyears(TransitionYear)istheconversionstagethisyear,thechildrenwillbeappropriatetotakesomecourses,butismorecontactwithsociety,increaseknowledge.2021/6/2726The

NationalUniversityofIreland

(NUI)isa

federaluniversity

systemof

constituentuniversities,previouslycalled

constituentcolleges,and

recognizedcolleges

setupundertheIrishUniversitiesAct

andsignificantlyamendedbytheUniversitiesAct.爱尔兰国立大学，它是一个大学联盟.其联盟成员有:国立都柏林大学、国立科克大学、国立盖尔维大学、国立梅努斯大学，它们分别位于都柏林((Dublin)、科克(Cork)、盖尔维(Galway)及梅努斯(Maynooth)。2021/6/2727爱尔兰国立科克大学(UniversityCollegeCork-NationalUniversityofIreland,Cork)2021/6/2728爱尔兰国立都柏林大学(UniversityCollegeDublin-NationalUniversityofIreland,Dublin)2021/6/2729scientistsRobertBoyle罗伯特·波义耳(1627-1691)《TheScepticalChemist》《怀疑派化学家》Boylewasaleadingintellectualfigureofthe17thcenturyandoneofthefoundersofmodernchemistry，oftencalledthe“fatherofchemistry”.2021/6/2730HewasaprominentAnglo-Irish19th-centuryphysicist.Hisinitialscientificfamearoseinthe1850sfromhisstudyofdiamagnetism(反磁性学).Laterhemadediscoveriesintherealmsofinfraredradiation(红外线技术)andthephysicalpropertiesofair，describedasTyndalleffect(丁达尔效应).Tyndallalsopublishedmorethanadozensciencebookswhichbroughtstate-of-the-art19thcenturyexperimentalphysicstoawideaudience.From1853to1887hewasprofessorofphysicsattheRoyalInstitutionofGreatBritaininLondon.约翰·丁达尔(JohnTyndall1820~1893年)2021/6/2731LordKelvin(开尔文勋爵1824~1907)LordKelvin,formerlyknownasWilliamThomson,wasbornon26June1824inBelfast.Hewasapioneerinmanydifferentfields,particularlyelectromagnetism(电磁学)andthermodynamics(热力学).TheKelvinscale(开氏温标)isnamedafterLordKelvin，whowroteoftheneedforan"absolutethermometricscale"