03-选择性必修第三册Unit-3基础练习(人教版2019)

2023年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(人教版2019)选择性必修三Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionⅠ.单句语法填空1.Themost__________(frequent)shareditemsarethoseexpensivetobuybutnotfullyused.2.(2018·江苏高考)The__________(sustain)successofsmallfarmers,though,won’thappenwithoutfundamentalchangestotheindustry.3.(2018·天津高考)Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnow__________(restrict)todryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.

4.(2018·江苏高考)WeattheNYFCneedbroadsupportasweurgeCongresstoincreasefarmland__________(conserve),aswepushforimmigrationreform,andasweseekpoliciesthatwillensurethesuccessofadiverseandambitiousnextgenerationoffarmersfromallbackgrounds.

Ⅱ.完成句子1.如果我是她的员工,我真的不能忍受每天被她责骂。____________________,Ireallywouldn’ttoleratebeingscoldedbyhereveryday.

2.研究表明女性要比男性有更敏锐的嗅觉并且对情感更敏感。Thestudyshowsthatwomen____________________thanmenandarealso____________________.

3.现今,在中国每一个人都有责任构建和谐社会。Nowadayseveryoneis____________________.

4.在我看来,一个人只有勇敢地面对困难并且抓住机会才能成功。Inmyopinion,____________________canonesucceed.

5.就我个人而言,讨论焦虑的来源是释放压力的一个好办法。____________________,talkingaboutsourceofanxietyisagreatwaytoreleasestress.

Ⅲ.语法填空InancientChinalivedanartist1._______paintingswerealmostlifelike.Theartist’sreputationhadmadehimproud.Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(画像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir2._____(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.Theartistwassurehewould3._______(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.ThewiseoldmantoldhimtotraveltotheLiRiver—perhapshecouldlearnalittlefromthegreatestartistintheworld.

Filledwith4._________(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.5.______heaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(传奇的)artist,theysmiledand6.__________(point)downtheriver.Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout7.______(find)thewell-knownpainter.Asthesmallboatmoved8.__________(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.Hepassedmilkywhitewaterfallsandmountainsinmanyshadesofblue.Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds9.__________(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(谦卑)bythegreatestartist10.__________earth,MotherNature.

IV.阅读理解ABeforetheendoftheyear,employeesatUbiquitousEnergy,acompanyinRedwoodCity,Calif,willgatherinawindow-linedconferenceroomtostaretowardthefuture.That’sbecausetheirnewglasswindowswilloffermorethananamazingviewoftheNorthCalifornialandscape.Theywillalsobeabletopowerthecompany’slights,computersandairconditioners.Severalyearsinthemaking,Ubiquitous’energy-producingglassisaremarkabletechnologicalachievement.Itspowerliesinthelayersoforganicpolymers(聚合物)betweensheetsofglass.Aslightentersthewindow,theflowofelectronsbetweenthepolymerlayerscreatesanelectriccurrent,whichisthencollectedbytinywiresintheglass.“It’ssortoflikeatransparentcomputerdisplayruninreverse(反过来),”saysVeeralHardev,directorofbusinessdevelopmentatUbiquitousEnergy.“Insteadofelectricitybeingshuttledtodifferentpointsinadisplaytolightthemup,lightisproducingelectricitytobeshuttledoutofdifferentpointsinthewindow.”Rightnowthewindowsproduceaboutathirdasmuchelectricityfromagivenamountofsunlightasthetypicalsolarcellsusedinroofpanels(板).Thesewindows,abouthalfastransparentasordinaryglass,don’tworkaswellastransparentones.Hardevsaysthecompanyislikelytoimprovethetransparencysignificantly.Asfortheloweroutputofelectricity,henotesthatwindowscancoveramuchgreatersurfaceareathanaroof,sonumerouswindowswillproduceasurprisinglylargeramountofelectricitythantheproductionfromarooftopfullofhigher-efficiencysolarpanels.“Youcoulddoboth.”saysHardev.“Butyou’llgetmorefromthewindows.Thebiggestchallenge,”headds,“isincreasingthewindowsfromlessthantwosquarefeetcurrentlytoabout50squarefeet.”1.Whatmakesthenewglasswindowsspecial?A.Theycanofferanamazingview.B.Theyarecontrolledbycomputers.C.Theycanpowertheconferenceroom.D.Theycanhelpstaretowardthefuture.2.WhatisHardevtryingtoexplaininParagraph3?A.Thesourceoflight.B.Thesignificanceofdifferentpoints.C.Thesimilarityofcomputerandglass.D.Theworkingprincipleofenergy-producingglass.3.Whatcanaffectpowerproductionaccordingtothepassage?A.Thetransparencyoftheglass.B.Thequalityoftherooftop.C.Theheightofthesolarpanels.D.Thethicknessoftheglass.4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Windows:ANewChallengeofTechnologyB.Windows:NoLongerJustforLettingintheLightC.Power:APressingProblemintheNearFutureD.Power:NotEnoughfromRooftopSolarPanelsBLastyearsawoneofthepoorestsalmonreturnsonrecordinNorthAmerica.Yet,weareeatingmorefishthaneverbefore.Aquaculture(水产养殖)productionhastripledinthelasttwodecadestomeetthisneed,andanotherhistoricmovewasmadebytheFDAearlierthisyear,whenacompanyreceivedthefirstevernodtosellageneticallymodifiedsalmon,abioengineeredversionoftheAtlanticsalmon.US-basedAquaBounty,thefirmwhichreceivedthego-ahead,saiditwouldbeginstockingfishinsupermarkets“assoonaspossible”.Thefirstcommercialharvestisexpectedattheendof2020.Atthemoment,Argentina,BrazilandChinahavealsograntedenvironmentalapprovalsforgeneticallymodifiedfishfarmingtrials.ThisgeneticallymodifiedsalmonisactuallyafishinjectedwiththeDNAoftwootherediblefish.ThelongroadtothecurrentversionoftheGMfishbeganinthe1980swhenaphysiologistnamedGarthFletcherreadabouttheworkbeingdonetogeneticallymodifymiceandwonderedwhetheritcouldapplytosalmon.Heunderstoodthatthefish’sgrowthhormonesaremostactiveinsomeseasonsandconsideredchangingthissothatthehormonesarealwaysactive.Cutto2019,Fletcher’sGMfishisabletoreachadultsizein16to18months,comparedwith30monthsfornaturalAtlanticsalmon,whileconsuming25%lessfeed.IntheUnitedStates,Atlanticsalmonisendangered,socatchingitisheavilyrestricted.ItiscurrentlyimportedfromChile,NorwayandCanada.IftheproductionandsalesofAquaBountygoasplanned,thiswillallchange.Andsimultaneously,thecompanyclaimsthatfarmingthefishintheirland-basedhatcherieswilllowerthetransportationcostaswellasemissionsassociatedwithimportingthefishasiscurrentlydone.Thishasnotallbeenwithoutstiffopposition,andprotestorswhohavesentnearly2millioncommentstotheFDAhavehadissuesonthreemainfronts.Healthrisks,beingthemainone,asithasbeenwithseveralothergeneticallymodifiedfoodsinthepast.TheenvironmentalgroupEarthActionsaysnoonecanpredictwhatwillhappenwhenpeoplestarteatingthefishovertime.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutAquaBounty?A.ItisafirmlocatedinArgentina.B.ItperformsresearchintoGMfish.C.Itdealswiththeproductionandsalesoffish.D.ItistheonlyfirmallowedtoproduceGMfish.6.OneoftheadvantagesoftheGMsalmonisthat______.

A.ithasprovedtohavenohealthrisksB.itcosts25%lessthanimportedsalmonC.itcanmeetpeople’severincreasingneedD.itgrowsfasterthannaturalAtlanticsalmon7.ProtestorsagainstGMsalmonworrythat______.

A.fishmarketswillbeseriouslydisturbedB.GMfoodhaspotentialhealthproblemsC.GMsalmonmaynotbeuptothestandardD.theenvironmentalgroupEarthActionwillnotbesatisfied8.Theunderlinedword“This”inthelastparagraphprobablyrefersto______.

A.thenodtosellaGMsalmonB.thelowercostofGMsalmonC.thepredictionaboutwhatwillhappenD.theimportofsalmonfromChile,NorwayandCanadaV.七选五Imagineachildstandingonadivingboardfourfeethighandaskinghimselfthequestion:“ShouldIjump?”Thisiswhatmotivationorthelackofitcando.Motivationandgoalsettingarethetwosidesofsamecoin.1Likethechildonthedivingboard,youwillstayundecided.

2Morethanthat,howshouldyoustaymotivatedtoachievethegoal?First,youneedtoevaluateyourself,yourvalues,yourstrengths,yourweaknesses,yourachievements,yourdesires,etc.Onlythenshouldyousetyourgoals.

Youalsoneedtojudgethequalityanddepthofyourmotivation.Thisisquiteimportant,becauseitisdirectlyrelatedtoyourcommitment.Therearetimeswhenyourheartisnotinyourwork.3So,slowdownandthinkwhatyoureallywanttodoatthatmoment.Clarity(清晰)ofthoughtscanhelpyoumoveforward.

Anotherwayofsettingrealisticgoalsistoanalyzeyourshortandlongtermobjectives,keepinginmindyourbeliefs,valuesandstrengths.Rememberthatgoalsareflexible.4Theyalsoneedtobemeasurable.Youmustkeepthesepointsinmindwhilesettingyourgoals.

Yourpersonalcircumstancesareequallyimportant.Forexample,youmaywanttobeapilotbutcan’tbecomeonebecauseyoureyesightisnotgoodenough.5Youshouldreassessyourgoals,andmotivateyourselftosetafreshgoal.

Youwillsurelyneedtoovercomesomedifficulties,someplanned,butmostunplanned.Youcannotovercomethemwithoutamplemotivation.Makesurethatyouplanforthesedifficultiesatthetimeofsettingyourgoals.A.Thiscanaffectyourwork.B.Sohowshouldyoumotivateyourself?C.However,thisshouldnotdiscourageyou.D.Sowhyshouldwetrytosetspecificgoals?E.Theycanchangeaccordingtocircumstances.F.Motivationiswhatyouneedmosttodoagoodjob.G.Withoutmotivation,youcanneithersetagoalnorreachit.VI.完形填空Atriptoabank’sATMmachineisusuallyacommonaffair.ButforJoseNunezRomaniz,his1onSundayisonethathewon’t2fortherestofhislife.

The19-year-oldcollegestudentwasmakinga3forMother’sDayonlinewhenhenoticedhisaccountbalance(存款余额)was4.Sohedrovetothenearestbanktodepositmoney.Littledidheknowthathewasabouttomakeanincredible5.

Whenhearrived,Josenoticedaplasticbagonthegroundfilledwithcash,whichturnedouttobe$135,000.“WhenIfirstsawit,Iwasvery6,notknowingwhattodo,”JosetoldtheNewYorkTimes.Aftertakingamomentto7himself,Josecalledthepolice.Andthepolicesoondiscoveredthatthemoneyhad8beenleftbehindbyaworker9withrefillingtheATM.

Thinkingthatitisthebiggestamountofmoneyeverfoundand10inAlbuquerquehistory,themayorandthepolicechiefheldaceremonytohonorJose’s11.And,perhapsbestofall,thepolicechiefinvitedJoseto12ajobasapublicserviceaidforthedepartment13hisgraduation.ForJose,itwasthebestgiftforMother’sDay.“Mothercalledme14shealmoststartedcryingexcitedly...ShetoldmeIdidtherightthingandthatshewas15ofwhatIdid,”saidJose.

1.A.plan B.experimentC.visit D.show2.A.enjoy B.forgetC.imagine D.face3.A.purchase B.survey C.wish D.decision4.A.full B.clearC.inaccurate D.low5.A.offer B.promiseC.profit D.discovery6.A.shocked B.amused C.excited D.satisfied7.A.teach B.disturbC.collect D.challenge8.A.carefully B.accidentallyC.deliberately D.nervously9.A.continued B.chargedC.armed D.tasked10.A.returned B.savedC.lost D.exchanged11.A.confidence B.honestyC.bravery D.appreciation12.A.holdup B.adaptto C.waitfor D.applyfor13.A.although B.before C.after D.until14.A.or B.and C.so D.but15.A.proud B.considerateC.worthy D.sure参考答案Ⅰ.1.Themostfrequently(frequent)shareditemsarethoseexpensivetobuybutnotfullyused.2.Thesustainable(sustain)successofsmallfarmers,though,won’thappenwithoutfundamentalchangestotheindustry.3.Ontopofthat,mostofthe3Dfoodprintersnowarerestricted(restrict)todryingredients,becausemeatandmilkproductsmayeasilygobad.

4.WeattheNYFCneedbroadsupportasweurgeCongresstoincreasefarmlandconservation(conserve),aswepushforimmigrationreform,andasweseekpoliciesthatwillensurethesuccessofadiverseandambitiousnextgenerationoffarmersfromallbackgrounds.

Ⅱ.1.IfIwereherstaff,Ireallywouldn’ttoleratebeingscoldedbyhereveryday.

2.Thestudyshowsthatwomenhaveabettersenseofsmellthanmenandarealsomoresensitivetoemotions.

3.NowadayseveryoneisresponsibleforbuildingupaharmonioussocietyinChina.

4.Inmyopinion,onlybyfacingdifficultiesbravelyandseizingopportunitiescanonesucceed.

5.AsfarasI’mconcerned,talkingaboutsourceofanxietyisagreatwaytoreleasestress.

Ⅲ.【文章大意】在古代的中国,有一个自认为画技超群的画家,认为自己的作品一定会被皇帝看中,最后他才发现,还有比自己技艺更高的存在——大自然。从中我们也应该知道,做人应该谦虚,虚心向他人学习。1.【解析】whose。考查定语从句。空格前后是两个独立的句子,缺少连接词,根据后面的paintings可知,我们需要填进去的词应该和paintings构成所属关系,填whose。2.【解析】finest。考查形容词最高级。空格中的词修饰的是work,根据后文中thebest可知应填fine的最高级finest。3.【解析】bechosen。考查语态。根据文章意思,此处应该是被动语态,而且前面有情态动词would其后应用动词原形,填bechosen。4.【解析】curiosity。考查名词。空格处是with的宾语,要用名词形式,curious的名词形式是curiosity。5.【解析】When/As。考查状语从句。这是一个主从复合句,逗号前面是时间状语从句,句子大概意思是:当他问村民的时候,他们指向江边,应该用When或As引导。6.【解析】pointed。考查复合句。and连接两个谓语动词,空格处的动词形式应和前文中的smiled一致,填pointed。7.【解析】tofind。考查非谓语动词。setout开始,着手,出发。表达的是主语的目的和行为,应填todo不定式,即tofind。8.【解析】gently。考查副词,空格处修饰的是前面的动词moved,应用副词gently。9.【解析】surrounding。考查复合句,同第6题,根据and可知前后为两个非谓语动词并列,与rising一致,即surrounding。10.【解析】on。考查介词,根据后文earth及语义搭配,填on。IV.A【文章大意】本文介绍了一家公司研制出了与众不同的可以发电的新的玻璃窗。1.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的Theywillalsobeabletopowerthecompany’slights,computersandairconditioners.可知,它们还能够为公司的灯,计算机和空调供电。由此可知,新的玻璃窗与众不同的是它们可以为会议室供电。2.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段可知,“这有点像一台反向运行的透明电脑显示器,”UbiquitousEnergy的业务开发主管维洛拉•哈德夫表示。他说:“不是把电传送到显示器的不同点来点亮它们,而是把产生的电从窗口的不同点传送出去。”由此可知,哈德夫在第三段中想要解释的是产生电能的新玻璃窗的工作原理。3.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段中的Thesewindows,abouthalfastransparentasordinaryglass,don’tworkaswellastransparentones.Hardevsaysthecompanyislikelytoimprovethetransparencysignificantly.可知,这些窗户的透明度只有普通玻璃的一半,不如透明玻璃那么好用。哈德夫说,公司可能会大幅提高透明度。由此可知,玻璃的透明度会影响发电量。4.【解析】选B。标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第一段可知,UbiquitousEnergy公司研发出的新玻璃窗不仅可以让光线进入屋内,它们还可以为公司的灯,计算机和空调供电。因此B项Windows:NoLongerJustforLettingintheLight(窗户:不再只是为了让光线进来)符合文章内容,可以作为最佳标题。B【文章大意】本文是说明文,介绍了生产和销售转基因鱼的公司状况以及人们对转基因鱼的看法。5.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的IftheproductionandsalesofAquaBountygoasplanned,thiswillallchange.(如果AquaBounty的生产和销售按计划进行,这一切都会改变)可知,AquaBounty是一家生产和销售转基因鱼的公司。C.Itdealswiththeproductionandsalesoffish.(它处理鱼的生产和销售)符合以上说法。6.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段的Cutto2019,Fletcher’sGMfishisabletoreachadultsizein16to18months,comparedwith30monthsfornaturalAtlanticsalmon,whileconsuming25%lessfeed.(2019年,弗莱彻的转基因鱼可以在16—18个月内长到成年大小,而天然大西洋鲑鱼则需要30个月,同时消耗的饲料也少了25%)可知,转基因鱼的一个优势是比大西洋鲑鱼长得快。D.itgrowsfasterthannaturalAtlanticsalmon(它比大西洋鲑鱼长得快)符合以上说法。7.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段的Healthrisks,beingthemainone,asithasbeenwithseveralothergeneticallymodifiedfoodsinthepast.(健康风险是主要原因,就像过去其他几种转基因食品一样)可知,抗议者们担心转基因食品存在健康风险。B.GMfoodhaspotentialhealthproblems(转基因食品有潜在的健康问题)符合以上说法。8.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第一段的acompanyreceivedthefirstevernodtosellageneticallymodifiedsalmon(一个公司首次得到销售转基因鲑鱼的许可)和画线部分所在句子Thishasnotallbeenwithoutstiffopposition(这并非没有强烈的反对意见)可推测,this指代是“同意销售转基因鲑鱼”。A.thenodtosellaGMsalmon(同意销售转基因鲑鱼)符合以上说法。V.【文章大意】作者通过文章主要向我们描述了动机和目标设定是同一硬币的两面,一定要好好把握。1.【解析】选G。根据前面的句子“动机和目标的设置是一个问题的两个方面”,和前面的实例:跳水板上的孩子由于缺少动机不能决定跳还是不跳。可知中间的句子会提到没有了动机会出现的结果。2.【解析】选B。根据Morethanthat以及后面的问句“你应该如何保持动力来实现目标”可推知前面应该是一个关于如何让你有动力这样的问题。3.【解析】选A。前面提到“你的心不在你的工作上”以及So后提出的解决方法,可推知中间应该提到前面问题带来的不好的影响这样的内容。4.【解析】选E。根据前面的句子“记住:目标是灵活的”可知它们是可以根据情况变化的。5.【解析】选C。前面提到“由于视力不好,原来的当飞行员的目标实现不了”这样的令人沮丧的情况,后面又提到重新评估你的目标,可推知中间一句应该提到前面的情况不应该影响你。VI.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。一名19岁的大学生JoseNunezRomaniz准备在银行存款时,无意中发现了一个装着很多现金的塑料袋,但他没有据为己有而是给警察打了电话。1.【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析。句意:但对于JoseNunezRomaniz来说,周日的银行之行是他永生难忘的经历。plan计划;experiment试验;visit拜访,逗留;show展示。根据前文Atriptoabank’s...可知,此处指的是Jose周日的银行之行。2.【解析】选B。考查动词词义辨析。句意:但对于JoseNunezRomaniz来说,周日的银行之行是他永生难忘的经历。enjoy欣赏;forget忘记;imagine想象;face面对。根据后文Jose存款时的经历可知,Jose在存钱时意外捡到了一大笔钱,所以这成了他永远都不会忘记的经历。3.【解析】选A。考查名词词义辨析。句意:这位19岁的大学生正在网上为母亲节购物,这时他注意到自己的账户余额不足。purchase购买;survey调查表;wish希望;decision决定。根据后文forMother’sDayonline可知Jose当时准备给妈妈买母亲节礼物。makeapurchase表示“购物”。4.【解析】选D。考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这位19岁的大学生正在网上为母亲节购物,这时他注意到自己的账户余额不足。full完全的;clear清楚的;inaccurate不