高三英语基础知识易错点综合清单

英语基础知识I.名词复数的规则变化1）加-s1.清辅音后读/s/map-mapsbook-books2.浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bagscar-cars3.ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加-s读/iz/exercise-exercises4.以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加-s变复数：twoMarystheHenrysmonkey---monkeysholiday---holidays2）以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-es读/iz/bus-buseswatch-watches3）以辅音字母+y变y为i结尾的词再加es读/z/baby---babies4）以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时：a.少数加-sroof---roofs（房顶）belief---beliefscliff---cliffschief---chiefs（首长）proof---proofs（证据）gulf---gulfs(海湾)b.去f,fe加-veshalf---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolveslife---livesthief---thieveswife---wivesc.均可handkerchief--handkerchiefs/handkerchievesnegro,hero,volcano,tomato,potato复数加esII.动词第三人称单数的变化规则1、直接在动词后+s：like-likes play-plays2、以s,sh,ch,x接尾的动词：+es wash-washes3、以辅音+o接尾的动词：+es go-goes4、以辅音+y接尾的动词：变y为i+es fly-fliesIII.现在进行时：表示说话时，正在进行的动作或事件。谓语结构：be+动词ing动词-ing的构成：1）在一般情况下，在动词原形后直接加词尾–ing。eg.do–doingcook–cooking2)在以e结尾的动词后，去掉e，再加-ing。eg.come–cominglive–living重读闭音节(末尾辅元辅字母，且重度)的动词，要双写最后面的辅音字母,加–ing.eg.sit–sittingrun–running;forbid–forbiddingIV.形容词变副词的规则一般直接+lyrecent---recently特殊情况:1）辅音字母+e结尾，直接加lypolite---politelyimmediate---immediately元音字母+e结尾,去e+lytrue---trulydue---duly例外：unique---uniquely(独特的)3)以y结尾，且发音【I】，变y为i+lyeasy---easilyangry---angrily4)以y结尾，且发音【aɪ】,直接加lydry---drylyshy---shyly5)以ic结尾，加allybasic--basicallyscientific---scientificallyenergetic--energeticallyeconomic---economically例外：public---publicly6)辅音字母+le结尾，去e加y:possible---possiblyterrible---terriblygentle---gentlysimple---simplyconsiderable---considerablyprobable---probably7)元音字母+le结尾，直接加ly：sole---solely例外：whole---wholly8)以ll结尾，只需加

y：dull---dullyfull---fullyIV.动词过去式规则变化(1)一般情况下,动词词尾加ed,如:workedplayedwantedacted(2)以不发音的e结尾的动词,动词词尾加d,如:livedmoveddecideddeclinedhopedjudged(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,把y变为i再加ed,如:studiedtriedcopiedjustifiedcriedcarriedembodiedemptied(4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加ed,如:stoppedbeggeddraggeddroppedplanneddotteddrippedtransferredreferredpreferredoccurredControlledV．动词过去式、过去分词不规则变化表英语不规则动词表1.AAAcost[kɒst] cost[kɒst] cost[kɒst] 花费cut[kʌt] cut[kʌt] cut[kʌt] 割，切hurt[hɜ:t] hurt[hɜ:t] hurt[hɜ:t] 受伤hit[hit] hit[hit] hit[hit] 打，撞let[let] let[let] let[let] 让put[put] put[put] put[put] 放下read[ri:d] read[red] read[red] 读set[set] set[set] set[set] 安排，安置spread[spred] spread spread 展开，传播spit[spit] spit/spat[spæt] spit/spat 吐痰shut[ʃʌt] shut[ʃʌt] shut[ʃʌt] 关上,停止营业2.AABbeat[bi:t] beat[bi:t] beaten['bi:tn] 打败3.ABA become[bi'kʌm] became[bɪ'keɪm] become 变come[kʌm] came[keɪm] come[kʌm] 来run[rʌn] ran[ræn] run[rʌn] 跑overcome overcame overcome 战胜，克服4.ABB(1)AddingaConsonant'd','t',or'ed'burn:burnt/burned,burnt/burned(燃烧)bleed:bled,bled(流血)deal:dealt,dealt(解决)dream:dreamed/dreamt,dreamed/dreamt(做梦)hear:heard,heard(听见)hang:hanged,hanged(绞死,上吊);hung,hung(悬挂)(differentmeanings)learn:learned/learnt,learned/learnt(学习)light:lighted/lit,lighted/lit(点燃,照亮)mean:meant,meant(意思)shine:shone,shone(照耀，发光);shined,shined(磨光，擦亮)(differentmeanings)show:showed,showed/shown(展示)(bothpastparticiplesarecorrect)smell:smelled/smelt,smelled/smelt(闻,嗅)speed:sped/speeded,sped/speeded(加速)spell:spelled/spelt,spelled/spelt(拼写)spin:spun,spun(纺纱)wake:waked/woke,waked/woken(醒来,叫醒)(bothformsarecorrect)(2)ChangingtheFinal'd'to't'build:built,built(建筑)lend:lent,lent(借给)send:sent,sent(送)spend:spent,spent(花费)ChangingtheSuffixto'ought'bring:brought,brought(带来)buy:bought,bought(买)fight:fought,fought(打架)seek:sought,sought(寻找)think:thought,thought(思考)(4)ChangingtheSuffixto'aught'catch:caught,caught(捉,抓)teach:taught,taught(教)(5)ChangingOneVowelintheMiddledig:dug,dug(掘,挖)feed:fed,fed(喂)find:found,found(发现，找到)get:got,got/gotten(得到)(bothpastparticiplesarecorrect)hold:held,held(拥有，握住)lead:led,led(引导,带领)meet:met,met(遇见)sink:sank,sunk/sunken(下沉)(bothformsarecorrect)sit:sat,sat(坐)shoot:shot,shot(射击)stick:stuck,stuck(插进,粘住)win:won,won(赢)(6)AddingSuffix'lt/pt/ft'feel:felt,felt(感到)keep:kept,kept(保持)leave:left,left(离开)sleep:slept,slept(睡觉)sweep:swept,swept(扫)oversleep:overslept,overslept(睡过头)(7)MiscellaneousChangeslay:laid,laid(下蛋,放置)pay:paid,paid(付)say:said,said(说)stand:stood,stood(站)understand:understood,understood(理解)lose:lost,lost(失去)have:had,had(有)make:made,made(制造)sell:sold,sold(卖)tell:told,told(告诉)retell:retold,retold(重复)Category5:ABCPatternVerbs(1)Base→PastSimple→Base+(e)nblow:blew,blown(吹)drive:drove,driven(驾驶)draw:drew,drawn(画画)eat:ate,eaten(吃)fall:fell,fallen(落下)give:gave,given(给)grow:grew,grown(生长)forgive:forgave,forgiven(原谅)know:knew,known(知道)mistake:mistook,mistaken(弄错)overeat:overate,overeaten(吃过量)prove:proved,proven/proved(证明)(bothpastparticiplesarecorrect)take:took,taken(拿)throw:threw,thrown(抛)ride:rode,ridden(骑)see:saw,seen(看见)strike:struck,struck/stricken(罢工撞击)(bothpastparticiplesarecorrect)write:wrote,written(写)shake:shook,shaken(摇动,震动)rise:rose,risen(上升)(2)Base→PastSimple→PastSimple+(e)nbreak:broke,broken(打破)choose:chose,chosen(选择)hide:hid,hidden(隐藏)forget:forgot,forgotten(忘记)freeze:froze,frozen(冷冻)speak:spoke,spoken(说)steal:stole,stolen(偷)(3)'i'Changesto'a'inPastSimpleand'u'inPastParticiplebegin:began,begun(开始)drink:drank,drunk(喝)sing:sang,sung(唱)swim:swam,swum(游泳)ring:rang,rung(打电话)(4)Miscellaneousbe(am,is,are):was/were,been(是)bear:bore,born/borne(忍受)do:did,done(做)fly:flew,flown(飞)go:went,gone(去)lie:lay,lain(躺)lay:laid,laid(孵蛋，产卵)wear:wore,worn(穿)CommonMistakesadmit:admitted,admitted,admittingban:banned,banned,banningbeg:begged,begged,beggingcancel:cancelled,cancelled,cancellingchat:chatted,chatted,chattingclap:clapped,clapped,clappingcommit:committed,committed,committingcut:cut,cut,cuttingdip:dipped,dipped,dippingdrop:dropped,dropped,droppingequip:equipped,equipped,equippingfit:fitted,fitted,fittingjog:jogged,jogged,joggingmop:mopped,mopped,moppingnod:nodded,nodded,noddingpanic:panicked,panicked,panickingpermit:permitted,permitted,permittingplan:planned,planned,planningplot:plotted,plotted,plottingprefer:preferred,preferred,preferringput:put,put,puttingquit:quit,quit,quittingrefer:referred,referred,referringregret:regretted,regretted,regrettingrid:ri