专题03-世界三分之二冰川将在2100年消失(学生版)

Two-thirdsoftheworld'sglaciersareontracktodisappearby2100世界2/3冰川将在2100年消失文章选自《洛杉矶时报》主题语境：人与自然子语境：环境保护原文出处：LosAngelesTimes语篇类型：说明文关键词：glacier;climate;extinction;temperature;landscape篇章导读：众所周知，全球的气候变暖会导致冰川融化，那你知道还有什么其他原因导致这一变化吗？冰川的消失对人类的生存环境又会产生怎样的影响，我们该如何应对？全球专家们正在研究对策……原汁原味外刊阅读及模拟强化训练Theworld'sglaciersareshrinkinganddisappearingfasterthanscientiststhought,withtwo-thirdsofthemprojectedtomeltoutofexistencebytheendofthecenturyatcurrentclimatechangerates,accordingtoanewstudy.Butiftheworldcanlimitfuturewarmingtojustafewadditionaltenthsofadegreeandfulfillinternationalgoals-technicallypossiblebutunlikely,accordingtomanyscientists-thenslightlylessthanhalftheglobe'sglacierswilldisappear,thestudysaid.Mostlysmallbutwell-knownglaciersaremarchingtoextinction.Inanalso-unlikelyworst-casescenarioofseveraldegreesofwarming,83%oftheworld'sglacierswouldlikelydisappearbytheyear2100,thestudysaid.ThestudyinThursday'seditionofthejournalScienceexaminedalloftheglobe's215,000land-basedglaciers-notcountingthoseonicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarctica-inamorecomprehensivewaythanpaststudies.Scientiststhenusedcomputersimulationstocalculate,usingdifferentlevelsofwarming,howmanyglacierswoulddisappear,howmanytrillionsoftonsoficewouldmeltandhowmuchitwouldcontributetosealevelrise.Theworldisnowontrackfora4.9-degreetemperaturerisesincepre-industrialtimes,whichbytheyear2100means68%ofglaciersdisappearing,amountingto32%oftheworld'sglaciermass,or53.5trilliontonsofice.Thatwouldincreasesea-levelriseby4½inchesinadditiontoseasalreadygrowinglargerfrommeltingicesheetsandwarmerwater,saidstudyleadauthorDavidRounce.“Nomatterwhat,we'regoingtolosealotoftheglaciers,”Rounce,aglaciologistandengineeringprofessoratCarnegieMellonUniversity,said.“Butwehavetheabilitytomakeadifferencebylimitinghowmanyglacierswelose.”“Formanysmallglaciersitistoolate,”saidstudyco-authorRegineHock,aglaciologistattheUniversityofAlaskaFairbanksandtheUniversityofOsloinNorway.“However,globallyourresultsclearlyshowthateverydegreeofglobaltemperaturematterstokeepasmuchiceaspossiblelockedupintheglaciers.”Projectedicelossby2100rangesfrom42.7trilliontonsto71trilliontons,dependingonhowmuchtheglobewarmsandhowmuchcoal,oilandgasisburned,accordingtothestudy.Thestudycalculatesthatallthatmeltingicewilladdanywherefrom3½inchestotheworld’ssealevelinthebest-casescenarioto6½intheworst-casescenario-4%to14%morethanpreviousprojections.That4½inchesofsea-levelrisefromglacierswouldmeanmorethan10millionpeoplearoundtheworld-andmorethan100,000peopleintheU.S.-wouldbelivingbelowthehigh-tideline,saidresearcherBenStrauss,CEOofClimateCentral.Sea-levelrisefromclimatechangeinthe20thcenturyaddedabout4inchestothesurgefrom2012SuperstormSandy,whichbyitselfcausedabout$8billionindamage,hesaid.Scientistssayfuturesea-levelrisewillbedrivenmorebymeltingicesheetsthanglaciers.Butthelossofglaciersisaboutmorethanrisingseas.Itmeansshrinkingwatersuppliesforabigchunkoftheworld'spopulation,moreriskfromfloodeventsfrommeltingglaciersandlosinghistoricice-coveredspotsfromAlaskatotheAlpstoevennearMountEverest'sbasecamp,severalscientiststoldtheAssociatedPress.“ForplacesliketheAlpsorIceland...glaciersarepartofwhatmakestheselandscapessospecial,”saidNationalSnowandIceDataCenterDirectorMarkSerreze,whowasn'tpartofthestudybutpraisedit.“Astheylosetheirice,inasensetheyalsolosetheirsoul.”HockpointedtotheVernagtfernerglacierintheAustrianAlps,whichisoneofthebest-studiedglaciersintheworld,butsaid“theglacierwillbegone.”TheColumbiaGlacierinAlaskahad216billiontonsoficein2015,butwithjustafewadditionaltenthsofadegreeofwarming,Rouncecalculatedthatitwouldshrinktohalfthatsize.Ifthere's7.2degreesFahrenheitofwarmingcomparedwithpre-industrialtimes,anunlikelyworst-casescenario,itwilllosetwo-thirdsofitsmass,hesaid.Glaciersarecrucialtopeople'slivesinmuchoftheworld,saidNationalSnowandIceCenterDeputyLeadScientistTwilaMoon,whowasn'tpartofthestudy.“Glaciersprovidedrinkingwater,agriculturalwater,hydropower,andotherservicesthatsupportbillions(yes,billions!)ofpeople,”Moonsaidinanemail.Inmostcases,theestimatedlossfiguresthatRounce'steamcameupwithareslightlymoredirethanearlierestimates.Iftheworldcansomehowlimitwarmingtotheglobalgoalof2.7degreesFahrenheitofwarmingsincepre-industrialtimes-theworldisalreadyat2degreesFahrenheit-theEarthwilllikelylose26%oftotalglacialmassbytheendofthecentury,whichis42.7trilliontonsoficemelting.Previousbestestimateshadthatlevelofwarmingresultingin18%oftotalmassloss.“IhaveworkedonglaciersintheAlpsandNorwaywhicharereallyrapidlydisappearing,”Mottramsaidinanemail.“It'skindofdevastatingtosee.”读后强化训练I.单句语法填空1.Thesalarywillbefixedaccordingqualificationsandexperience.2.WhenIwatchedtheworkmen,Icameupanidea-Iwouldbuildacartodriveintothegarageincelebrationofit.3.Thesocietywassetuptopreserveendangeredspeciesfrom(extinct).4.Alanguageisafinelytunedinstrumentwhichitisacrime(damage).5.Ibelievethateachofuscancontributethefutureoftheworld.6.Myownproblemsseeminsignificant(compare)withotherpeople's.II.阅读理解1.Inwhatwaydoestheauthordevelopparagraphthree?A.Makecomparisons.B.Presentarguments.C.Displaydata.D.Setexamples.2.Accordingtotheprediction,whenwillmostoftheglaciersontheearthdisappearfnomeasuresaretaken?A.Themiddleofthe21stcentury.B.Attheendofthe21stcentury.C.Atthebeginningofthe22ndcentury.D.Attheendofthe22ndcentury.3.Accordingtothearticle,whatisthemainreasonforthesealeveltoincrease?A.Thenumberofsmallglaciershasincreased.B.Theicesheethasthickened.C.Theglobaltemperaturehasdropped.D.Seawatergetswarmer.4.Whichsectionofthewebsiteisthearticlelikelytobeextractedfrom?A.Education.B.Science.C.Technology.D.Environment.词汇积累Ⅰ.核心词汇1.meltv.2.existencen.3.extinctionn.4.comprehensiveadj.5.rangen.v.6.damagen.v.7.landscapen.Ⅱ.核心短语1.accordingto2.lessthan3.trillionsof4.contributeto5.inadditionto6.makeadifference7.dependon8.comparedwith9.comeupwithШ.拓展词汇1.shrinkv.收缩；缩小2.scenarion.设想；预测3.glaciologistn.冰川学家，冰河学家4.surgen.突发；(数量的)急剧上升，激增5.chunkn.厚块；厚片6.crucialadj.关键的；至关重要的7.devastatev.毁灭；摧毁金句赏析1.Scientiststhenusedcomputersimulationstocalculate,usingdifferentlevelsofwarming,howmanyglacierswoulddisappear,howmanytrillionsoftonsoficewouldmeltandhowmuchitwouldcontributetosealevelrise.【句意】然后，科学家们使用计算机模拟，使用不同程度的变暖来计算有多少冰川会消失，有多少万亿吨的冰会融化，以及它对海平面上升的贡献。【句式剖析】句子主干：赏析：①usingdifferentlevelsofwarming是现在分词短语作；②howmanyglacierswoulddisappear，howmanytrillionsoftonsoficewouldmelt以及howmuchitwouldcontributetosealevelrise是由and连接的并列。2.Itmeansshrinkingwatersuppliesforabigchunkoftheworld'spopulation,moreriskfromfloodeventsfrommeltingglaciersandlosinghistoricice-coveredspotsfromAlaskatotheAlpstoevennearMountEverest'sbasecamp,severalscientiststoldtheAssociatedPress.【句意】几位科学家告诉美联社，这意味着世界上大部分人口的水供应减少，冰川融化导致洪水事件的风险增加，从阿拉斯加到阿尔卑斯山，甚至珠穆朗玛峰大本营附近的历史性冰盖消失。【句式剖析】句子主干：赏析：①severalscientiststoldtheAssociatedPress是主谓的结构，从结构上被后置了；②Itmeans...MountEverest'sbasecamp是省略了that的，充当主句severalscientiststoldtheAssociatedPress中tellsb.sth.中的；③shrinkingwatersuppliesforabigchunkoftheworld'spopulation，moreriskfromfloodeventsfrommeltingglaciers以及losinghistoricice-coveredspotsfromAlaskatotheAlpstoevennearMountEverest'sbasecamp是由并列连词and连接的结构，充当mean的。参考译文Theworld'sglaciersareshrinkinganddisappearingfasterthanscientiststhought,withtwo-thirdsofthemprojectedtomeltoutofexistencebytheendofthecenturyatcurrentclimatechangerates,accordingtoanewstudy.Butiftheworldcanlimitfuturewarmingtojustafewadditionaltenthsofadegreeandfulfillinternationalgoals-technicallypossiblebutunlikely,accordingtomanyscientists-thenslightlylessthanhalftheglobe'sglacierswilldisappear,thestudysaid.Mostlysmallbutwell-knownglaciersaremarchingtoextinction.根据一项新的研究，世界上的冰川萎缩和消失的速度比科学家们想象的要快，按照目前的气候变化速度，预计到本世纪末，三分之二的冰川将消失。但是，根据许多科学家的说法，如果世界能够将未来的变暖限制在仅仅额外的十分之几度，并实现技术上可能但不太可能实现的国际目标，那么全球冰川的消失将略少于一半。大部分小但众所周知的冰川正在走向灭绝。Inanalso-unlikelyworst-casescenarioofseveraldegreesofwarming,83%oftheworld'sglacierswouldlikelydisappearbytheyear2100,thestudysaid.ThestudyinThursday'seditionofthejournalScienceexaminedalloftheglobe's215,000land-basedglaciers-notcountingthoseonicesheetsinGreenlandandAntarctica-inamorecomprehensivewaythanpaststudies.Scientiststhenusedcomputersimulationstocalculate,usingdifferentlevelsofwarming,howmanyglacierswoulddisappear,howmanytrillionsoftonsoficewouldmeltandhowmuchitwouldcontributetosealevelrise.研究表明，在几度变暖的最坏情况下，到2100年，全球83%的冰川可能会消失。周四出版的《科学》杂志上的这项研究以比以往研究更全面的方式研究了全球21.5万条陆地冰川，不包括格陵兰岛和南极洲冰盖上的冰川。然后，科学家们使用计算机模拟，使用不同程度的变暖来计算有多少冰川会消失，有多少万亿吨的冰会融化，以及它对海平面上升的贡献。Theworldisnowontrackfora4.9-degreetemperaturerisesincepre-industrialtimes,whichbytheyear2100means68%ofglaciersdisappearing,amountingto32%oftheworld'sglaciermass,or53.5trilliontonsofice.Thatwouldincreasesea-levelriseby4½inchesinadditiontoseasalreadygrowinglargerfrommeltingicesheetsandwarmerwater,saidstudyleadauthorDavidRounce.“Nomatterwhat,we'regoingtolosealotoftheglaciers,”Rounce,aglaciologistandengineeringprofessoratCarnegieMellonUniversity,said.“Butwehavetheabilitytomakeadifferencebylimitinghowmanyglacierswelose.”“Formanysmallglaciersitistoolate,”saidstudyco-authorRegineHock,aglaciologistattheUniversityofAlaskaFairbanksandtheUniversityofOsloinNorway.“However,globallyourresultsclearlyshowthateverydegreeofglobaltemperaturematterstokeepasmuchiceaspossiblelockedupintheglaciers.”自前工业化时代以来，全球气温正在上升4.9度，到2100年，这意味着68%的冰川消失，相当于全球冰川质量的32%，即53.5万亿吨冰。这项研究的主要作者大卫·鲁恩斯说，这将使海平面上升4½英寸，此外，由于冰盖融化和海水变暖，海平面已经变大。“不管怎样，我们都会失去很多冰川，”卡耐基梅隆大学冰川学家和工程学教授鲁恩斯说。“但我们有能力通过限制冰川的流失量来有所作为。”研究合著者、阿拉斯加费尔班克斯大学和挪威奥斯陆大学的冰川学家雷吉恩·霍克说：“对于许多小冰川来说，这太晚了。”。“然而，在全球范围内，我们的研究结果清楚地表明，全球温度的每一个程度都对尽可能多地将冰锁在冰川中至关重要。”Projectedicelossby2100rangesfrom42.7trilliontonsto71trilliontons,dependingonhowmuchtheglobewarmsandhowmuchcoal,oilandgasisburned,accordingtothestudy.Thestudycalculatesthatallthatmeltingicewilladdanywherefrom3½inchestotheworld’ssealevelinthebest-casescenarioto6½intheworst-casescenario-4%to14%morethanpreviousprojections.That4½inchesofsea-levelrisefromglacierswouldmeanmorethan10millionpeoplearoundtheworld-andmorethan100,000peopleintheU.S.-wouldbelivingbelowthehigh-tideline,saidresearcherBenStrauss,CEOofClimateCentral.Sea-levelrisefromclimatechangeinthe20thcenturyaddedabout4inchestothesurgefrom2012SuperstormSandy,whichbyitselfcausedabout$8billionindamage,hesaid.根据这项研究，预计到2100年，冰的损失将从42.7万亿吨到71万亿吨不等，这取决于全球变暖的程度以及煤炭、石油和天然气的燃烧量。这项研究计算出，所有融化的冰将使世界海平面上升3½英寸（最佳情况下）至6½英寸（最坏情况下），比之前的预测多4%至14%。气候中心首席执行官本·斯特劳斯（BenStrauss）研究员表示，冰川导致海平面上升4.5英寸，意味着全球将有1000多万人和美国将有10多万人生活在高潮线以下。他说，20世纪气候变化导致的海平面上升使2012年超级风暴桑迪（Sandy）增加了约4英寸，该风暴本身造成了约80亿美元的损失。Scientistssayfuturesea-levelrisewillbedrivenmorebymeltingicesheetsthanglaciers.Butthelossofglaciersisaboutmorethanrisingseas.Itmeansshrinkingwatersuppliesforabigchunkoftheworld'spopulation,moreriskfromfloodeventsfrommeltingglaciersandlosinghistoricice-coveredspotsfromAlaskatotheAlpstoevennearMountEverest'sbasecamp,severalscientiststoldtheAssociatedPress.科学家们表示，未来海平面上升的驱动力将更多地来自于冰盖的融化，而不是冰川。但冰川的消失不仅仅是海平面上升。几位科学家告诉美联社，这意味着世界上大部分人口的水供应减少，冰川融化导致洪水事件的风险增加，从阿拉斯加到阿尔卑斯山，甚至珠穆朗玛峰大本营附近的历史性冰盖消失。“ForplacesliketheAlpsorIceland...glaciersarepartofwhatmakestheselandscapessospecial,”saidNationalSnowandIceDataCenterDirectorMarkSerreze,whowasn'tpartofthestudybutpraisedit.“Astheylosetheirice,inasensetheyalsolosetheirsoul.”HockpointedtotheVernagtfernerglacierintheAustrianAlps,whichisoneofthebest-studiedglaciersintheworld,butsaid“theglacierwillbegone.”国家冰雪数据中心主任马克·塞雷泽（MarkSerreze）表示：“对于阿尔卑斯山或冰岛这样的地方来说，冰川是这些景观如此特殊的一部分。”塞雷泽没有参与这项研究，但对此表示赞赏。“当他们失去冰时，在某种意义上，他们也失去了灵魂。”，但说“冰川会消失的。”TheColumbiaGlacierinAlaskahad216billiontonsoficein2015,butwithjustafewadditionaltenthsofadegreeofwarming,Rouncecalculatedthatitwoul