Unit1单元基础知识和语法知识梳理及练习+2024-2025学年人教版八年级英语下册

人教版8年级下册1单元基础知识和语法知识梳理及练习一、词形变化1.stomach(n.）胃；腹部—（复数）—（n.）胃痛；腹痛2.foot(n.）脚；足—(复数）3.lie(v.)躺；平躺—(过去式)—(现在分词）4.hurt(v.)(使)疼痛；受伤—(过去式)一(过去分词)5.trouble(n.)问题；苦恼—(同义词)6.hit（v.）（用手或器具）击；打—（过去式)—(过去分词)7.she（pron.）她（主格)—(pron.）她的（宾格/形容词性物主代词）—（pron.）她的(名词性物主代词)—(pron.)她自己（she的反身代词）8.important(adj.)重要的—（n.）重要性9.knife(n.)小刀—（n.复数）10.we(pron.)我们—(pron.）我们的（宾格/形容词性物主代词）—（pron.）我们的(名词性物主代词)—(pron.)我们自己（we的反身代词）11.mean(v.)意思是，打算—（过去式）（过去分词）12.decide(v.)决定—（n.）决定13.climb（v.）—（n.）登山者二.短语梳理1.胃痛2.躺下3.量体温4.发烧5.休息6.下车7.出乎......意料8.立即，马上9.陷入，参与10.习惯于做......11.冒险12.用尽，耗尽13.切除14.离开；从......出来15.掌管，管理16.....的重要性三、语法梳理一、反身代词的含义：表示某人自己的代词叫做反身代词。它表示一个动作回到该动作的执行者本身，或者强调自己。它有人称和数的变化。二、反身代词的形式。英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。其基本形式如下表所示：第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves三、反身代词的用法。1.可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。Mariaboughtherselfascarf.玛丽亚给自己买了一条围巾。Wemustlookafterourselvesverywell.我们必须好好照顾自己。2.可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。3.可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。SheherselfwillflytoLondontomorrow.明天她自己将要坐飞机去伦敦。Imetthewriterhimselflastweek.我上周见到了那位作家本人。4.用在某些固定短语当中。takecareofoneself照顾自己teachoneselfsth./learnsth.byoneself自学enjoyoneself玩得高兴，过得愉快helponeselftosth请自用…（随便吃/喝些…）.buyoneselfsth.给自己买…东西注意：反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。例：我自己能完成作业。（误）Myselfcanfinishmyhomework..(正)Imyselfcanfinishmyhomework./Icanfinishmyhomeworkmyself.1.should做助动词：（1）shall的过去式，用于过去将来时（2）表示“将要”，用于第一人称I/we2.sholud做情态动词：（1）表示“应该，应当”，没有人称和数的改变，后加动词原型（相当于oughtto）（2）表示委婉地提出意见和建议。Youshouldbrushyourteethbeforeyougotobed.（3）表示义务，责任。Weshouldstudyhard.四、巩固练习（一）、单项选择1．Weshouldnotkeepworriesto________.It’sbesttotalktoparentsorfriends.A．MyselfB．YourselfC．OurselvesD．herself2．—I’llhaveasoccergametomorrow.I’malittlenervous.—Believein________.You’rethebestinyourclub.A．HerselfB．HimselfC．YourselfD．ourselves3．Ithinkweshouldprotect________wellinthisepidemic(疫情)situation.A．OursB．OurC．OurselvesD．we4．—Wheredidyougetthispostcard?—Imadeitby________.A．HerselfB．itself C．MyselfD．himself5．Tom,weneedapictureof________forourclasspicture.A．YouB．YourC．YourselfD．yourselves6．—Jack,youswimverywell.Whotaughtyou?—Nobody.Itaught________.A．IB．MeC．MyselfD．mine7．Ididn’tbuyanythingfor_______whenIwasonvacation.A．MeB．MyC．MyselfD．mine8．Don’tplaywiththeknivesoverthere,kids,oryoumayhurt________.A．YourselfB．YourselvesC．ThemselvesD．ourselves9．—Sue,you’regoodatswimming.Whotaughtyoutoswim?

—Noone.Ilearneditby________.A．YourselfB．MyselfC．HerselfD．himself10．Mom,Iamnowamiddleschoolstudent,soIcanlookafter________.A．MeB．IC．my D．myself11．NobodyteachesMaryEnglish.Sheteaches________.A．HerB．herself C．SheD．him12．—WhotaughtyouEnglish?—Itaught________.A．MeB．mine C．MyD．myself13．Asthefoodfestivaliscoming,thestudentsarepreparingeverythingby________.A．ThemselvesB．ourselves C．yourselves14．—Thisisyourfirsttimetobefarawayfromhome.—Don’tworry,Mum.Icantakecareof________.A．MyselfB．MeC．MyD．mine15．Howwonderful!Didthegirlmakethemodelcarallby________?A．SheB．her C．HerselfD．hers16．Tomysurprise,thebrotherwrotethesongallby________.A．MyselfB．HerselfC．himself17．TimandIwon’tbeabletodothewholejobby________,soweneedyourhelp.A．HimselfB．MyselfC．OurselvesD．themselves18．—AllofyouspeaksuchgoodEnglish.Whotaughtyou?—Nobody.Welearneditby_________.A．WeB．UsC．OursD．ourselves19．Lookatthismodelship.Imadeitallby________!A．MeB．my C．MineD．myself20．Boysandgirls,help________tosomefruit.A．themselves B．YourselvesC．herself D．himself（二）、用动词的适当形式填空-Look!whois______(lie)underthetree?-Oh,that’sTom.-Whatdogiraffeslooklike?-Theyhavealongneckandfour_____(foot)-IwassocarelessthatIcut_______(I)justnow.-Youhavetoobecarefulnexttime.It'sgoingtorain.Takeanumbrella_____you.Thelittleboyfelloffthebikeand_____(hurt)hisarm.-Mystomachachesallday.-You'dbetterseeadentistandget____X-ray.Eatingtoomuchsugarisbadforour________(tooth).Ididn'tsayanythingaboutthisbecauseIdidn'twanttoget___trouble.Isawher_____(water)flowersinthegardenwhenIpassedby.Thecatjumped________thetablefromthefloorjustnow.Tomhasabadcoldand____(cough).Itwaseasyenoughforme_____(solve)thismathproblem.-I'mhungrynowbecauseIcametoschool______breakfast.To_____(we)surprise,Jimscoredagoalinthelasttwominutes.Couldyouhelpmeputsome_____(medicine)onthecut?Whathappened?Sheasked_____surprise.Mikeonlythinks_____himselfsowedon'tlikehim.Allthe__(passenger)onthebuslikedthedriverbecausehewasfriendly.Tomtoldustherightanswerwithout______(think).She___(hit)himontheheadwithherumbrellathismorning.Myparentsagreed_____(take)metothepark.I'mafraidIcan'tagree____you.Thanks_____thekind-heartedlady,thehomelessboyhasanewfamily.Thankyou______goingwithmetoseethemovie.Ihavetobe_____soon,becausethefilmwillbeonintenminutes.Paulgot______(lose)whenhecametothenewtown.Doesheneed______(arrive)thereatseven?-Whathappened?-Someonegothit___thehead.Atlasttheyunderstoodthe________(important)oflifebuttheyaren'tafraidof______(die)。Helostalotof_______(blood)intheaccident.ThemovieNeZhais__aneducationalmoviethatIwanttoseeitagain.Ginausedtoliveinthecountrysidewithherparents,butnowsheisusedto______(live)withherclassmatesatschool.Theyhaven'tmadea____(decide)wheretospendtheirfreetime.Allthedoctorsdidn'tgiveup____(save)theyoungman.Atpresent,therearemanyonlinecoursesandwecanchoosetostudyby______(we).Thesemenclimbmountains.Theyaremountain____(climb).OnNewYear'sEve,PresentXisaid,"Workinghardmeans______(have)happiness."Wehavethree____(knife),wecanusethemtocutthings.Heisinterested_____swimmingandswimseveryday.Theydecide_____(go)shoppingafterschool.（三）语法填空BusDriverandPassengersSaveanOldManAt9:00a.m.yesterday,busNo.26wasgoingalongZhonghuaRoadwhenthedriversawanoldman______(lie)onthesideoftheroad.Awomannexttohimwasshoutingforhelp.Thebusdriver,24-year-oldWangPing,stoppedthebus_____(with)thinking_____(two).He_____(get)offandaskedthewomanwhathappened.Shesaidthattheman_____(have)aheartproblemandshouldgotothehospital.Mr.Wangknewhehadtoact_____(quick).He_____(tell)thepassengersthathemusttakethemantothehospital.Heexpectedmostorallofthepassengerstogetoffandwaitforthenextbus.Butto_____(he)surprise,theyallagreed_____(go)withhim.SomepassengershelpedMr.Wangtohelpthemanontothebus._____(thank)toMr.Wangandthepassengers,thedoctorssavedthemanintime.“It’ssaidthatmanypeople____(do)wanttohelpothersbecausetheydon’twant_____(some)trouble,”saysonepassenger.“Butthedriverdidn’tthinkabout_____(he).Heonly_____(think)about_____(save)alife.根据2b阅读内容填空HeLostHisArmButIsStillClimbingAronRalstonisanAmericanman________isinterestedinmountain________(climb).Asamountainclimber,Aronisusedto______________(冒险).Thisisoneoftheexcitingthingsaboutdoingdangeroussports.ThereweremanytimeswhenAronalmostlosthislifebecauseofaccidents.__________April26,2003,hefound_______(he)inaverydangeroussituationwhenclimbinginUtah.Onthatday,Aron’sarm________(catch)undera360-Kilorockthatfellonhimwhenhewasclimbingbyhimselfinthemountains.Becausehecouldnotf________hisarm,hestayedthere_______fivedaysandhopedthatsomeonewouldfi