轨道交通行业英语 （ English for Rail Transit Industry） 课件 Unit 4 Locomotives and Vehicles

Unit4LocomotivesandVehiclesLearningObjectiveslearndifferenttypesoflocomotivesusedinChinaunderstandthedevelopmentofChina’srailwayvehicleindustryknowhowtousepassivevoiceknowhowtowriteanapplicationletter目录CONTENTS01LearningSituation02Warming-up03Reading04Grammar05WritingENGLISHFORRAILTRANSITINDUSTRYLearningSituationPart01ENGLISHFIRRAILTRANSITINDUSTRYFromsteamlocomotivestodiesellocomotives,fromelectriclocomotivestobullettrainsandhigh-speedrail,China'srailwaytraffichasdevelopedrapidly,andthelocomotiveandvehicleindustryhasalsoachievedtheleapfrogfromlaggingbehindtocatchingup.Today,itiscomprehensivelyleadingtheworldtrend,layingasolidfoundationfortherapiddevelopmentofChina'seconomy.Suppose

youareanewlocomotiveinspectorwhoisveryinterestedinthedevelopmentofChina'slocomotiveandvehicleindustry.Askillscompetitionwillbeheldinyourtraindepot,pleasecreateamindmapandintroduceatypeoflocomotivethatcanreflectthedevelopmentofChina'srailways.TASKENGLISHFORRAILTRANSITINDUSTRYWarming-upPart02ENGLISHFIRRAILTRANSITINDUSTRYluggageracksleepingcarconductorsteamlocomotiveberthvehiclemodernizationmechanicalconsideredthirststeampraisingrailroadmechanical

adj.机动的，机械的e.g.Twonumericalexamplesincludingthesidewallthermaldrivingcaseandtheendcapmechanicaldrivingcasewerealsogiven.consideredadj.经过深思熟虑的;经过慎重思考的v.认为;考虑到;觉得;顾及;(尤指为作出决定而)仔细考虑，细想;以为;体谅e.g.Buteightmonthsissurelytimeenoughforaconsideredverdict.thirst

n.口渴;渴望;渴;渴求;干渴;干渴感；vi.渴;想喝水e.g.Hefeltaragingthirst.praising：v.赞扬;称赞;表扬;颂扬，赞颂(上帝);n.赞美；溢美之词;eg:Hedidn'twanttogoontherecordaseitherpraisingorcriticizingtheproposal.railroad：n.铁路;铁路公司;vt.迫使…仓促行事;强迫…做;强使…草率(或草草)通过;轻率判处;eg：TherailroadfinallyreachedSantaBarbarain1877.ENGLISHFORRAILTRANSITINDUSTRYReadingPart03ENGLISHFIRRAILTRANSITINDUSTRYDevelopmentHistoryofChinaRailwayLocomotivesandVehiclesAfterdecadesofdevelopment,China'srailwaylocomotiveshaveundergoneradicalchanges,fromthemostprimitivesteamlocomotivetodiesellocomotive,andfinallytothecurrentelectriclocomotive.SteamlocomotiveSteamlocomotiveistoconvertthechemicalenergyoffuelintoheatenergyandthenusethesteamenginetoconvertheatenergyintomechanicalenergy,sothatthelocomotiveobtainstractionpower.ChinahasbeguntoproducesteamlocomotivessincethefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,andhadalwaysshoulderedthemainresponsibilityforrailwaytransportation.Today,steam-poweredtractorshavebeenphasedoutbythetimes.Thebiggestdefectofsteamlocomotivesisthatthethermalefficiencyofthelocomotiveisextremelylow.DiesellocomotiveTheworkingprincipleofdiesellocomotivesisthatthefuelburnsinthecylindertoproducealargeamountofgas,andthegaspushesthepistontodotheworktoconverttheenergyintothetractionpowerofthelocomotive.DiesellocomotiveshavealonghistoryofdevelopmentinChina,since1958,ChinahaslaunchedmorethanadozenDongfenglocomotives.东风型机车ElectriclocomotiveAnelectriclocomotiveisapowerlocomotivethatisobtainedfromtheoutsideandthentransmittedtoanelectricmotortodrivethetrainforward.Atpresent,Chinahasdevelopedmorethan4,000Shaoshanbrandlocomotives,andelectriclocomotiveshavealsobroughtunprecedentedconvenienceandspeedtothetravelofourChinese.韶山型机车Afterdecadesofefforts,China'srailwayvehicleindustryhassupportedthegreatdevelopmentofrailwaytransportationindustrywithcontinuouslyupgraded“Chinesebrand”products,andhasmadesignificantcontributionstopromotingthemodernizationofChina'srailways.ThedevelopmentofChina'srailwayvehicleindustryhasgenerallygonethroughthreestages.TheimitationperiodBeforeliberation,Chinadidnothaveasinglerailwayvehicleofitsown

manufacture,throughimitation,Chinacultivateditsowntechnicalstrengthandestablishedrailwayvehiclemanufacturingindustry.TheinnovationperiodWithChina'sreformandopeningup,therailwayvehicleindustryhasenteredagrowthperiod.Inthe80s,Chinarailwayseizedtheopportunitytoimportforeignrailwayvehicles.Throughindependentinnovation,breakthroughshavebeenmadeinthefieldofcoretechnologies.Improvedcraftsmanshipandtechnicallevelcompletely.ThematureperiodInthemid-90s,Chinahasformedarailwayvehicleindustrialsystemwithstrongdevelopmentandmanufacturingcapabilities.Aftertherailwayvehicleindustryproducedheavy-loadedrailwayvehicles,itsuccessfullyproducedthetype25speed-uppassengervehiclestomeetthedemandforspeeding.Sincethereformandopeningup,China'slocomotiveandvehicleindustryhasmaderemarkabledevelopment,butthereisstillacertaingapbetweenAClocomotives,high-levelpassengervehicles,newurbanrailvehicles,EMU,high-speedtrainsandkeypartsofcomponentscomparedwiththeadvancedlevelofforeigncountries.AfterChina'saccessiontotheWTO,thedomesticlocomotiveandrailwayvehicleindustryisfacingincreasinglystrongpressure.电力动车组交流型机车Dongfenglocomotives东风型机车。东风系列是电传动内燃机车,也是中国内燃机车的主力。东风型内燃机车是大连、大同、成都机车车辆工厂1964年开始成批生产的干线货运机车，当两台机车重联使用时，可由任一机车的司机操纵机车。Shaoshanbrandlocomotives韶山型机车。韶山电力机车又称韶山型电力机车，是中国国家铁路电力机车的一种系列类型，因最初在韶山地区附近的株洲联合湘潭电机厂研制生产，故名“韶山”。韶山型机车在中国铁路第六次大提速时期起到举足轻重的作用。不过，由于新一代的机车动力技术全面推广普及投入使用，韶山型电力机车逐渐被和谐型电力机车取代，但部分还能运行的机车仍在线路上运用。AClocomotives交流型机车，是以单相交流电能作为动力的电力机车。按牵引电动机的性质又可分为直流传动电力机车和交流传动电力机车两大类。前者采用直流牵引电动机，后者采用交流牵引电动机。采用直流串励牵引电动机的工频单相交流电力机车是世界各国所用电力机车的基本类型。韶山型电力机车属于这种类型。EMU(electricmultipleunits)电力动车组，简称电动车组，是指通过接触网或供电轨供电驱动牵引电动机的动车组，又细分为直流电动车组和交流电动车组两类。电力动车组是电力机车的特殊类型，运行在电气化铁路中。breakthroughPrimitiveimport

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ofENGLISHFORRAILTRANSITINDUSTRYGrammarPart04ENGLISHFIRRAILTRANSITINDUSTRY被动语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。1.被动语态的结构及用法(1)被动语态的几种句型例句：MyphonewasmadeinChina.(肯定句)

Myphonewasn'tmadeinChina.(否定句)

WasyourphonemadeinChina.(一般疑问句)

Wherewasyourphonemade?(特殊疑问句)(2)不同时态中的被动语态(见下表)2.特殊用法（1）双宾语的被动语态变被动语态时，如果直接宾语(指物)作主语，需在间接宾语(指人)前加介词to或for。如果间接宾语作主语，不需要加介词。需要加介词to的谓语动词：give,pass,hand,lend,send,show,tell,write,teach,offer,bring,take。需要加介词for的谓语动词：buy,get,fetch,cook,sing,make。例句：Somemoneywasgiventohim.Abookwasboughtformebymyfather.（2）短语动词的被动语态谓语动词是短语动词时，变被动语态不能丢掉介词或副词。例句：Hissisteroftenlooksafterhim.(主动)

HeisoftenlookedafterbyHissister.(被动)

Weshouldspeaktotheoldpolitely.(主动)

Theoldshouldbespokentopolitely.(被动)（3）复合宾语的被动语态通常将宾语变成被动语态的主语，宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。不带to的动词不定式作宾补，变被动语态时，需补出to。例句：Thefilmmadehimsad.(主动)

Hewasmadesadbytheflm.(被动)

Weheardhimplaythepianointhenextroom.(主动)

Hewasheardtoplaythepianointhenextroom.(被动)ENGLISHFORRAILTRANSITINDUSTRYWritingPart05ENGLISHFIRRAILTRANSITINDUSTRYGETREADYFORWRITINGSupposeyouareLiMing,thegraduationiscoming.PleasewriteanapplicationlettertoChinaRailwayShenyangGroupCo.,Ltd.toapplyforapositionoflocomotivedriveraccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelow:1.Applyforthepositionoflocomotivedriver.2.Describeyourspecialtyandstrengths.3.Requestforaninterview.TASKDiscusswithyourpartnerWhattypeofinformationwillyouincludeinyourapplicationletter?Whatlanguagestylewillyouuseinyouletter?Whattypesofinformationhavebeenincludedinthisapplicationletter?ENGLISHFORRAILTRANSITINDUSTRYChineseRailwayCulturePart06EN