专题15 重点语法复习：冠词和祈使句（原卷版）

1/3专题15冠词和祈使句一、定冠词用法详解：1. 定冠词the用来特指双方都清楚的人、事、物。如：A: Where’s Sam？萨姆在哪里？   B：In the kitchen.在厨房。（双方都清楚是指哪个厨房）2. 指上文已经提到过得人、事、物。如：They have two children: a boy and a girl. The boy is five and the girl is two.他们有两个孩子：一个儿子，一个女儿。儿子五岁，女儿两岁。3. 表示独一无二的事物前。如：the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth地球4. 用于方位名词、某些专有名词前。如：the east东方the Great Wall 长城 the Yangtze River 长江  the United States美国5. 表示演奏乐器的名词前。如：play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin拉小提琴  6. 姓氏复数前加the表示一家人；某些形容词前加the，表示一类人。如：the Georges 乔治一家人  the rich 富人  the young 年轻人  the blind 盲人7. 用在形容词的最高级前。如：the largest country in the world 世界上最大的国家8. 用于序数词前表示顺序。如：the first term 第一学期the second lesson 第二课the twenty-first century 二十一世纪9. the+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越来越……”如：The more exercise you take, the healthier you will be.你锻炼得越多，身体就越健康。10.用于一些固定搭配，如：inthemorning在早上intheafternoon在下午thedaybeforeyesterday前天thedayaftertomorrow后天gotothecinema去看电影inthemiddleof中间lookthesame看上去一样atthebottomof在的底部atthesametime同时attheageof在-...岁时atthebeginningof.的开始attheendof的末尾allthetime总是,一直getintothehabitof养成的习惯二、不定冠词用法详解：1. 表示数量一，但没有one强烈，如：Hehasgotanapple,apearandabanana.2.表示一类人或物。如：Aplanegoesfasterthanatrain.3.指某人或某物,但不具体说明是何人或何物。如：Aboyiswaitingforabusatthebusstop.4.用于第一次提到的人或物。如：Isawabirdinthetree.5.用于时间等词前,表示"每一"的意思。如：Onceayear,twiceaweek,fiftykilometersanhour.6.用于序数词前,表示"又一,再一"的意思。如：Youcanasneritasecondtime.你可以再回答一次。You’llhavetodoitathirdtime.你得再做一次7.用于一些固定搭配。如:alite/abit一点apieceof一张/片agood/greatmany许多anumberof一些,许多haveacold感冒haveameeting开会havearest休息havealookat看一看makeamistake犯错误makeaface做鬼脸halfanhour半小时asaresult(作为)结果inaword总之inahurry匆忙,很快地givemeahand帮助我onceuponatime从前【易错警示】1.有些单词虽然是以元音字母开头，但是却发元音，因此其前用不定冠词a，如：university，European，one-way等。2.有些单词虽然是以辅音字母开头，但是却发元音，因此其前用不定冠词an，如：hour，honest，honor等。三、零冠词用法详解：1.在专有名词和不可数名词前。I’mgoingtoEnglandnextweekforaholiday.下周我将要去英国度假。2.可数名词前已有作定语的物主代词my,your,his,her等;指示代词this/these,that/those;不定代词some,any等及所有格限制时。Theletterisinherpocket.信在她的衣袋里。3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。Myfatherandmotherareteachers.我的父亲和母亲是教师。4.在星期、月份、季节、节日前。ThebesttimetocometoChinaisinspringorautumn.到中国来的最好时间是春季或秋季。TodayisThursday,September10th,Teachers’Day.今天是九月十日，星期四，教师节。易错警示：如果月份、季节等被一个限定性定语修饰，则要加定冠词。HejoinedtheArmyinthespringof1982.他在1982年春季参军。5.在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前。HappyTeachers’Day,MissZhao!Hereitis,Mom!6.在学科名称、三餐饭和球类运动名称前。IthinkChineseismorepopularthananyothersubject.我认为汉语比其它学科更普及。Canyouplaybasketball?你会打篮球吗?Wearegoingtoplayfootball.我们去踢足球。havebreakfast/lunch/supper/dinner吃早饭/午饭/晚饭易错警示：Icanseeafootball.(指足球，并非“球类运动”)havealightbreakfast,eatabigdinner7.某些固定词组中不用冠词。①与by连用的交通工具名称前bybus,bycar,bybike,bytrain,byair/plane,bysea/ship②名词词组dayandnight,brotherandsister,hourafterhour,hereandthere③介词词组athome在家insurprise惊奇地atnoon在中午onfoot步行atnight在晚上onduty值日atwork在工作ontime准时forexample例如onbusiness经商inschool在上学onholiday在度假inclass在上课onshow展览inhospital在住院ontopof在……顶部四、祈使句用法详解：1.Do型（即：动词原形+宾语+其他成分）Pleasehaveaseathere.请这边坐。有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下，动词可省略。Thisway,please.=Gothisway,please.请这边走。2.Be型（即：Be+表语（名词或形容词）+其它成分）Beagoodboy!要做一个好孩子！3.Let型（即：Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分）Letmehelpyou.让我来帮你。否定结构：Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't。Don'tforgeme!不要忘记我！Don'tbelateforschool!上学不要迟到!Let型的否定式有两种：（Don't+Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分）Don'tlethimgo.别让他走。（Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其它成分）Lethimnotgo.别让他走。4.NO开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句。Nosmoking!禁止吸烟Nofishing!禁止钓鱼Noparking!禁止停车5.祈使句+or/and+简单句=if引导的条件状语从句Hurryup,orwewillmissthetrain.=Ifwedon’thurryup,wewillmissthetrain.冠词和祈使句精练精析：一、单项选择1．—ChineseNationGeographyissuch________usefulmagazineforstudents.—Yes.Ibuyiteveryweek.A．an B．a C．/ D．the2．—Whois________bestbasketballplayerinyourschool?—Jimis.Heplays________basketballverywell.A．a；/ B．the；/ C．a；the D．the；the3．Ireceived________invitationyesterday,butnowIcan’tfind________invitationanywhere.A．an;the B．a;the C．/;the D．the;/4．—Lookatthetallboyoverthere.He’s________winneroftheschoolsciencecompetition.—Oh,hemustbe________creativeboy.A．the;an B．the;a C．a;the D．an;a5．—Howwillyoube________engineer?—Iwillstudymathat________university!A．a;an B．an,an C．an;a6．Ilikeplaying________football,butIdon’tlikeplaying________violin.A．a,the B．the,the C．/,the D．the,/7．Wehad________discussionaboutTVshowsinclass.A．a B．the C．\ D．any8．Ihave________umbrella,________umbrellaisblackandwhite.A．an;the B．an;an C．a;the D．the;the9．What_______honestgirlMillieis!That’swhysheis_______mostpopularstudentinherclass.A．an;/ B．an;the C．a;the D．a;/10．—Didyousee________movieMulan?—Yes,it’s________excitingactionmovie.A．a,an B．the,the C．the,an11．It’sraininghard.Bring________umbrellawithyou.A．a B．an C．the D．/12．Thissummer,wereallyhad________enjoyablevacationin________countryside.A．a;an B．/;the C．the;/ D．an;the13．—Whataclearblueskyitis!—Yes.Ihaveneverseen___________sky.A．amorebeautiful B．amostbeautiful C．themorebeautiful D．themostbeautiful14．Theboystartedtoplay_______chessattheageofsix.A．a B．an C．the D．不填15．ElonMusk,thefounder(创立者)ofthecompanySpaceX,is________unusualperson.A．a B．an C．the D．/16．Mygrandmotherlikesdrinkingteaandwatching________operaattheteahouse.A．an B．a C．some17．Theglueis________usefultoolwhenwestickpaperonthewall.A．an B．a C．the D．/18．Annieis________eight-year-oldgirl.She’scareful.A．a B．an C．the D．/19．LeonardodaVinciisagreatpainterand________inventor.A．a B．an C．the D．/20．—Doyouknow________experiencedteacher?—Ofcourse.SheisMs.White.Sheisquitefamousinourschool.A．a B．an C．the21．—ThefilmTheBattleatChangjinLake(长津湖)is,Ihavetosay,reallywonderful.—Yes,it’s________excellentfilmandIneversee________betterone.A．a;an B．an;the C．an;a D．a;the22．—Myfamilyhad________enjoyableweekendatWestLakeinHangzhou.—Wow!Itis________greatplaceforafamilytrip.A．a;an B．an;a C．an;the D．a;the23．Don’tshoutathim.Heisonly________boy.A．aneight-year-old B．aeight-year-old C．aeightyearsold D．aneightyearsold.24．Thiswillbe________educationalandenjoyabletrip.Comeandjoinus.A．a B．an C．/ D．the25．What________goodsupermarket!Ithas________bestgoods(货物).A．an;a B．/;the C．the;a D．a;the26．Ithink“TheBattleatLakeChangjin”is________excellentfilm.Itisoneof________mostexcitingfilmsthisyear.A．a,the B．the,a C．the,/ D．an,the27．Thephotosmademethinkof________triptoHangzhoulastyear.Myfamilyreallyhad________greatfunthere.A．a;a B．a;/ C．the;the D．the;/28．—ThefilmTheBattleatLakeChangjin(长津湖)is,Ihavetosay,notalittlewonderful.—Yes.It’s________excellentfilmandIneversee________betterone.A．a;an B．an;the C．an;a D．a;the29．—Annaiswatching________actionmovie.—Yes,________movieisveryexciting.A．a;the B．an;the C．an;a D．the;an30．—IthinkEnglishis________unimportantsubject.—Idon’tthinkso.Itis________usefultoolwhenwetalkwithforeigners.A．a,an B．an,a C．a,a D．an,an31．Tomhas________honestface,andhenever________abadwordaboutanyone.A．the,tells B．a,speaks C．an,says D．an,tells32．_______yourbook,Alice.Youmustn’tlookattheanswer.A．Closes B．Notclose C．Close D．Closing33．________madathim.Heissuchalittleboy.A．Don’t B．Isn’t C．Don’tbe D．Doesn’tbe34．Don’tclimbtoohigh,oryou________indanger.A．willbe B．are C．wouldbe D．isgoingto35．________makeanynoise!Thebabyissleeping.A．Won’t B．Don’t C．No D．Not36．Keeptrying,________youwillrememberthingsbetter.A．or B．and C．but D．because37．—Ican’tdothejob.It’stoohardforme.—Never________impossiblebeforeyoutry.A．saying B．tosay C．says D．say38．Hurryup!________youwillbelateforschool.A．And B．Or C．But D．So39．Hurryup,________youwillcatchtheearlybus.A．but B．and C．or D．so40．Alice,________meyourhomework,please.I’llcheckit.A．pass B．passes C．passed D．passing41．Hurryup________youwillmissthebus.A．and B．but C．or D．so42．________doyourhomeworkcarelesslyagain,Bill!Oryouwill________moretimeonit.A．Don’tto;spend B．Don’t;take C．Don’t;spend D．Benot;take43．—I’mworriedaboutmyEnglish.—________harder,________youwillcatchupwithyourclassmates.A．Working;and B．Towork;or C．Work;and D．Work;or44．—Iwentswimmingaloneintheriveryesterdayafternoon.—Really?But________swimmingalonenexttime!It’sdangerous.A．don’tgo B．notgo C．nottogo D．nevertogo45．—Mum,canIgodancingthisevening?—Finishyourhomeworkfirst,________wewon’ttalkaboutit.A．but B．and C．so D．or46．Tom,________lateforschoolagain.A．isn’t B．don’tbe C．doesn’tbe D．aren’t47．It’stimeforsupper.Let’s___