Unit+4+Breaking+boundaries+Using+language 高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册

UsinglanguageIt

as

an

empty

subjectBY

MICHELLEUnit

4Breaking

boundariesThe

first

sentences

in

each

group

use

"it"as

an

empty

subject

at

the

beginningof

thesentences.The

reason

whysentences

(a)and

(c)are

chosen

is

that

thesentences

are

kept

balanced

and

the

key

information

of

the

sentences

isemphasised.a

Butitisvitalnottotakeanychances.

b

But

not

to

take

any

chances

is

vital.c

It

is

important

to

remember

that

Eboladoesn'trespect

nationalboundaries.d

To

remember

that

Ebola

doesn't

respectnational

boundaries

is

important.Look

at

the

sentences

and

answer

the

questions.Sentences(a)and

(c)arefromthereading

passage.1What

does"it"refer

to

in

sentences(a)and(c)?2

Why

doesthe

author

chooseto

use

sentences(a)and(c)instead

of(b)and(d)?I

felt

it

was

my

duty

as

a

doctor

to

go

there

and

offer

my

help.It

is

so

inspiring

to

have

colleagues

like

Wilton,Maisy

and

Alfonso,

….…,it

is

absolutely

essential

for

us

all

to

collaborate

to

create

a

global

community

with

a

shared

future

ofpeace

andprosperity.Now

look

for

more

sentences

with

thisstructure

in

the

reading

passage,and

summarise

its

use

in

your

ownwords.···a

But

lit)is

vital

not

to

take

any

chances.bBut

not

to

takeany

chances

is

vital.CIt)isimportanttorememberthatEboladoesn'trespect

national

boundaries.d

TorememberthatEboladoesn'trespect

nationalboundariesisimportant.通常it作为形式主语，在句中没有实际意义，只是满足语法

需要，起到一个平衡句子结构，避免句子头重脚轻的作用。It

as

an

empty

subjectIt作形式主语概念1.To

say

goodbye

is

difficult

for

me.It

is

difficult

for

me

to

say

goodbye.2.

Playing

too

many

computer

games

is

a

waste

of

time.

It

is

a

waste

of

time

playing

too

many

computer

games.3.That

he

is

clever

is

obvious.Itis

obvious

that

he

is

clever.>

把下列的句子变成用it

的形式主语句。it+is/was+

形容词+不定式it+is/was+名词+不定式it+is/was+

介词短语+不定式

it+及物动词+宾语+不定式

it+is/was+no+名词+动名词

it+is/was+形容词+动名词it+is/was+

形容词+that从

句

it+is/was+

名词+that从

句it+is/was+过去分词+that

从

句it+系动词/不及物动词+that从

句类型通常it代替不定时、动名词、从句充当主

语，起到一个平衡句

子结构，避免句子头重脚轻的作用。It

as

an

empty

subjectIt作形式主语it代

替

不定式

作主语it代

替

动名词

作主语it代

替从

句作主语it作

形

式主语1.代表不定式(1)It+be+形容词+不定式●It

is

difficult

to

translatethe

book.(2)It+be+

名词+不定式Itwasherdutyto

clean

the

room.(3)It+be+

介词短语+不定式Itwasagainstmyprinciple

to

do

that.(4)It+及物动词+宾语+不定式Itcost150yuantobuy

the

dress.类型···It'snecessaryforus

to

use

a

shortwave

radio

to

pick

up

the

programmes.我们用

一

台短波收音机收听这些节目是必要的。It

was

foolish

of

him

to

giveup

thejob.他放弃那工作是愚蠢的。在“It+be+

形

容

词

+for/of

sb.to

do

sth.”句型

中，如果形容词描述的是sb.,则应用介词of;如果描述的是to

do

sth.就

用for。··2.代表动名词it

代表动名词时，

一般以“be+

名词”作谓语，也可以以“be+

形容词”作谓语。常

限

于nogood,no

use,useless,waste等

词

的后面。It

isno

good/usehaving

a

car

ifyou

can't

drive.Itisawaste

of

timewatching

TVIt

is

no

use

asking

him.类型···3.代表从句It+be+……从

句

，具体可以分为四种类型：(1)

it+be+

形容词+从句·It

is

clear

that

he

told

a

lie.(2)

it+be+

名词+从句It

isapitythatyoucan't

come.(3)

it+动词的被动语态+从句Itissaidthathe

is

friendly.(4)

it+be/其他系动词+从句Itmayseemthatyou'rewastingyourlife

away.类型···◆Itis

clear/obvious/true/possible/certain/..that...◆Itisimportant/necessary/right/strange/natural/.….that…(should)do...

◆It

is

said/reported

/learnt/...that..◆It

is

suggested/ordered/required/….that…(should)do

…◆Itisapity/shame/...that

…◆Ithappens/seems/looks

/appears

/….that..It

as

an

empty

subjectIt作形式主语句型①Itishindof

youtothinksomuch

of

us.②

It's

rice

of

you

to

help

me.③

It'sdangerous

forusto

swimin

suchdeeppool.④

It's

recessary

for

us

to

study

hard.形容词为描述事物特征的词，常用的形容词有difficult/important/easy/

hard/necessary/impossible/dangerous等

。形容词为描述人品质

及性格特征的词。常

用的形容词有clever/foolish/good/nice/polite/kind等

。It

as

an

empty

subjectIt作形式主语◆It+be+adj.+of

sb+to

do..

◆It+be+adj.+forsb+todo句型◆It

doesn't

matter

whether/if...◆It

looks/seems

as

if

...◆It

takes

..(some

time)to

do..◆It+be+a

waste

of

time

doing...◆It

is/was

no

good/use

doing..◆Itis/wasworth/worthwhiledoing

…

.It

as

an

empty

subjectIt作形式主语句型it

作为形式主语，代替句子的逻辑主语，

并无实际词义。这可以保持句子的结构

平衡，避免主语太长，显得头重脚轻。◆It指代不定式◆It指代动名词◆It指代从句用法类型it

作形式主语SUMMARYAccordingtothe"2017Hollywood

Diversity

Report

",

to

get

roles

inAmericanfilm

and

television

is

nolonger

quite

so

difficult

for

women

and

minorities.Thisisanothersmallbut

important

advance

againstgenderand

racial

discrimination.The

report

analysed

200films

released

in

2015and

1,206

TV

shows

from

2014

to

2015,and

discovered

thatto

become

a

leading

actor

in

Hollywood

is

now

a

more

realistic

hope

for

minority

actors.In

moregoodnews,

to

write

and

directHollywood

films

is

more

common

than

before

for

women.

—The

bad

news

isthatthere

is

still

a

long

way

to

go.

Leading

roles

are

more

likely

to

be

given

towhiteactors.Asian

Americanactors,inparticular,stillfaceproblems.Even

now,

to

castwhiteactorsas

Asian

charactersisseenasacceptable

byfilm

studios.But

at

least

the

report

shows

that

things

are

movingslowly

in

the

right

direction.it

isnow

amore

realistic

hope

for

minority

actors

tobecome

a

leading

actor

inHollywoodit

isno

longer

quite

so

difficult

forwomenandminoritiesto

get

roles

in

American

film

and

televisionit

is

seen

as

acceptableby

film

studiosto

cast

white

actors

asAsian

charactersit

ismore

commonthan

before

for

women

to

write

and

direct

Hollywood

filmsRewritethe

underlined

parts

using

itasanemptysubject.·Beijing

today

is

multicultural.It

is

not

a

surprising

thingforstudents

tosee

different

skin

colours

in

the

same

class.It

is

possible

for

people

to

hear

many

different

languages

anddialects.It

is

easy

for

people

to

find

products

from

all

over

the

world.Itisnotdifficult

forforeigners

tosettledownandfind

ajob.It

is

a

common

thing

for

people

from

different

countries

towork

inthe

samecompany.····Beijing·

not

a

surprising

thing/studentsseedifferentskincolours

in

the

sameclass·possible

/people

hear

manydifferentlanguagesand

dialects●easy/people

find

products

from

all

overthe

world●not

difficult

/foreigners

settle

down

and

find

ajob·

a

common

thing/people

fromdifferent

countrieswork

in

thesame

companyDescribethecity

usingthe

information

provided

and

itasanempty

subject.Describe

one

of

thecities

using

itas

anemptysubject

whereappropriate.Doonline

research

ifnecessary.·

TorontoShanghai·

LondonSydney··Theglobal

villageRead

the

passage

and

answer

the

questions.Payattention

to

the

expressions

in

bold.>What

phenomenon

does

the

passage

describe?It

describes

the

phenomenon

ofthe"global

village"as

relatedtothepromotionof

technologicalandculturalexchange.>What

effect

does

technology

have

on

culturalexchange?Technology

enables

us

to

form

close

connections

with

peopleof

completelydifferentculturesandgivesusquick

and

easy

access

to

other

cultures

and

lifestyles.Nowadays,peopleall

over

the

worldarebecomingmoreand

more

connected,as

if

the

world

weregetting

smaller-asifwewereliving

in

a"global

village".Technology

is

largely

responsibleforbringingpeopletogether.Channelsofcommunication,such

as

the

mobile

phone

and

the

Internet,have

made

it

possibleto

speak

instantly

with

someone

on

theother

side

of

the

planet,enabling

us

toform

close

connections

with

people

ofcompletelydifferentcultures.Thetelevision,meanwhile,is

a

windowonthe

world,giving

usquickand

easy

access

to

other

cultures

and

lifestyles.Culturalexchange

helpsusto

bemoreinclusive

and

to

overcome

cultureshock.

But

inclusiveness

doesn't

mean

that

ourcultures

will

merge

into

one

another.Rather,it'saboutcountries

and

peoplemaking

a

jointeffort

tocometogether

to

create

a

more

harmonious

andunderstandingworld,sothatwe

can

allenjoy

the

mutual

benefits.Dear

Editor,Your

article

about

living

in

a

global

villagereally

struck

a

chordwith

me

because

I'vejustreturned

from

a

teaching

project

in

Cambodiaand

Thailand.I

had

been

worried

about

the

1

cutureshock

,but

fortunately

the

other

volunteersand

localteacherswere

reallywelcoming.We

wereable

to²formcloseconectionswith

each

other

aswell

as

our

students.Throughout,we

made³_

a

joint

effort

tomake

our

casses

a

success,so

that

we

couldall

enjoy

the⁴_mutual

benefits

of

workingwelltogether.It

was

rewarding

to

see

how

ourwork

helped⁵

bringpeopletogetherfromdifferentcultures.Before

I

went,TV

and

the

Internetweremy⁶windowonthe

world_,butbeingtherein

person

was

even

better.I

think

the

experience

hastaughtmeto⁷_be

more

inclusiveandIcan'twait

to

do

it

all

over

again.Paulbringingpeopletogetherchannelsof

communicationformcloseconnectionswithwindow

on

the

world

be

more

inclusive

culture

shock

ajoint

effort

mutual

benefitsCompletethe

letterwiththecorrectformoftheexpressions.1

More

and

more

foreign

words

and

expressions

are

entering

theEnglish

language,especially

those

about

food.2

Chinese

food

is

popular

in

the

UK,and

many

Chinese

words

andexpressions

are

entering

English

dictionaries

as

a

result.Intercultural

communication

is

increasing,andpeople

all

overtheworld

have

a

better

understanding

of

each

other.4

World

sports

are

bringing

people

together

in

the

same

way

that

food

is.Listen

to

the

conversation

and

choose

the

main

idea.PhenomenaExamplesMore

and

moreI

regional

words

are

making

it

into

dictionaries

these

days.From

Devon:grockleFrom

Chinese:wok,chow

mein,²wonton_and

chop

sueyBesides

words,changes

also

happen

to3thefoodwenow

find

in

shops

andrestaurants.In

a

large

Asian

supermarket,there

are

⁴all

kinds

of

foods

from

Asia.There

are⁵a

lot

of

other

restaurants

in

the

male

speaker'scity,such

as