Unit4DiscoveringUsefulStructures分层练习-高二英语（人教版2019选择性）

Unit4DiscoveringUsefulStructures分层练习语言知识一、（2024·高二课时练习）词性转换1._________vt.忍耐；忍受→_________n.忍耐力；耐久力2._________vt.&vi.(使)具有资格；(使)合格→_________adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→_________n.(通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格；学历3._________vt.分派；布置；分配→_________n.任务；分配4._________vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃→_________adj.被遗弃的5._________n.自我；自身→_________adj.自私的→_________adj.无私的；忘我的6._________vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃→_________adj.被遗弃的7._________vi.坚持；孜孜以求→_________n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神8._________vi.&vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)n.决心；坚定的信念→_________n.决议；解决；坚定9._________adj．残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的→_________adv.残酷地；残忍地→_________n.残忍；残酷10._________n.运气；财富→_________adj.幸运的；吉利的→_________adv.

幸运地→_________adv.不幸地；遗憾地11._________vt.带领；引导n.导游→_________n.指导；引导；导航12._________vt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告→_________n.广告活动；广告业→_________n.广告；启事13._________adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的→_________adv.粗糙地；粗略地14.________vt.犯(错误)；干(坏事)→________n.承诺；保证；奉献15._________n.动机；原因；目的→_________vt.使有动机，促使，激发→_________n.动力，诱因16._________adj.热情的；热心的→_________n.热情；热心【答案】1.endure；endurance2.qualify；qualified；qualification3.assign；assignment4.abandon；abandoned5.self；selfish；selfless6.abandon；abandoned7.persevere；perseverance8.resolve；resolution9.cruel；cruelly；cruelty10.fortune；fortunate；fortunately；unfortunately11.guide；guidance12.advertise；advertising；advertisement13.rough；roughly14.mit；mitment15.motive；motivate；motivation16.enthusiastic；enthusiasm二、（2024·高二课时练习）单句语法填空1.Hesetupawelfare_____(organize)tenyearsago.Now,hehasmadeagreat_____(achieve)andheisalsoarespectablebusinessman.Weallfeel_____(inspire)byhisdeedsand_____(kind).2.Thewealthymanwentabroadwiththe_____(intend)oftryinghisfortune,whilethepoorman_____(intend)tolearnsomeskillsofearningmoney.3.Theolddoctortakesmanythingsinto_____(consider)beforemakingaprescription.His_____(observe)playsanimportantpart,throughwhichhewillmakea_____(connect).4.Togainanadvantageoverothersinan_____(argue),youshouldberespectfuland_____(consider).Youalsoshouldmindyour_____(behave),yourtoneandsoon.Togetenoughinformationaboutatopic,youshouldturnto_____(refer)books.5._____oncehitmethatIcouldlive_____quietlifeintheruralarea.Therefore,Ibegantoconsider_____(move)toasmallmountainvillage._____Isettleddown,Istartedlivinglikeanoldfairy.6.Youshouldcarry_____withyourhardwork.Onlyinthiswaycanyousucceed.Youshouldrememberthatitisyourowneffortthat_____(determine)yourfuture.7._____(tire)andhungry,wefinallycametoasmallvillageaboutanoldhunter,withwhosehelpwemet_____chance.Itiswithhishelp_____wefoundourwayoutoftheforest.8.Thescientisthasobservedthepeasants_____(grow)cropsinthetraditionalway.Hethinksthatitishisdutytoarguethem_____believingscientificfarming.【答案】1.Hesetupawelfareorganization(organize)tenyearsago.Now,hehasmadeagreatachievement(achieve)andheisalsoarespectablebusinessman.Weallfeelinspired(inspire)byhisdeedsandkindness(kind).2.Thewealthymanwentabroadwiththeintention(intend)oftryinghisfortune,whilethepoormanintended(intend)tolearnsomeskillsofearningmoney.3.Theolddoctortakesmanythingsintoconsideration(consider)beforemakingaprescription.Hisobservation(observe)playsanimportantpart,throughwhichhewillmakeaconnection(connect).4.Togainanadvantageoverothersinanargument(argue),youshouldberespectfulandconsiderate(consider).Youalsoshouldmindyourbehavior(behave),yourtoneandsoon.Togetenoughinformationaboutatopic,youshouldturntoreference(refer)books.5.ItoncehitmethatIcouldliveaquietlifeintheruralarea.Therefore,Ibegantoconsidermoving(move)toasmallmountainvillage.OnceIsettleddown,Istartedlivinglikeanoldfairy.6.Youshouldcarryonwithyourhardwork.Onlyinthiswaycanyousucceed.Youshouldrememberthatitisyourowneffortthatdetermines(determine)yourfuture.7.Tired(tire)andhungry,wefinallycametoasmallvillageaboutanoldhunter,withwhosehelpwemetbychance.Itiswithhishelpthatwefoundourwayoutoftheforest.8.Thescientisthasobservedthepeasantsgrow(grow)cropsinthetraditionalway.Hethinksthatitishisdutytoarguethemintobelievingscientificfarming.三、（2024·高二课时练习）完成句子1.好吧，一天早晨，我碰巧买了份报纸，看到了这则有关南极探险的招募广告。(happen)Well,__________________________onemorningIboughtanewspaperandreadtheadvertisementabouttheAntarcticexpedition.2.这一航行对于我们所有人而言太危险、太艰难了，乘坐小船肯定无法让每个人都到达。(too...to...)Thevoyagewas__________________________inoursmallboats.3.只要你坚持下去，最终就会成功。(aslongas)Itwilleventuallyleadtosuccess__________________________.4.当我们最终获救时，我们感到非常轻松，欣喜万分，以至于我们中有许多人无法掩饰自己的眼泪。(such...that...)Whenwewerefinallyrescued,we__________________________manyofuscouldnothideourtears.5.我不仅热情而且容易相处，这使得我适合报纸上所刊登的志愿者工作。(qualified)Iamnotonlyenthusiasticbutalsoeasytogetalongwith,__________________________advertisedinthenewspaper.6.这对年轻夫妇一上船，他们就吃东西，说话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅存的人。(aboard)Theinstant__________________________,theywereeating,talkingandlaughingloudlyasiftheyweretheonlypeopleintheworld.7.我们应该摒弃那些对我们健康有害的坏习惯，如吸烟、喝酒等。(abandon)Weshould__________________________,suchassmokinganddrinking.8.正是太阳发出光和热，地球上的生命才得以维持。(giveoff)Itisbecause__________________________thattheearthcansustainlife.【答案】1.Well,itsohappenedthatonemorningIboughtanewspaperandreadtheadvertisementabouttheAntarcticexpedition.2.Thevoyagewastoodangerousanddifficultforallofustomakeitinoursmallboats.3.Itwilleventuallyleadtosuccessaslongasyoupersevere.4.Whenwewerefinallyrescued,wefeltsuchreliefandjoythatmanyofuscouldnothideourtears.5.Iamnotonlyenthusiasticbutalsoeasytogetalongwith,whichmakesmequalifiedforthevoluntaryworkadvertisedinthenewspaper.6.Theinstanttheyoungcouplewentaboardtheship,theywereeating,talkingandlaughingloudlyasiftheyweretheonlypeopleintheworld.7.Weshouldabandonthosebadhabitsthatareharmfultoourhealth,suchassmokinganddrinking.8.Itisbecausethesungivesofflightandheatthattheearthcansustainlife.知识应用四、（广西壮族自治区柳州市柳城县柳城县中学20242025学年高二上学期11月期中）阅读理解Anewstudyhasfoundthatridesharingservicesresultinmuchmorepollutionthanotherkindsofprivateandpublictransportation.Ridesharingtripsalsodrawpassengersawayfrommoreenvironmentfriendlymethodsoftravel,likepublictransportation,walkingorbiking,thestudyfound.SeveralstudiesinrecentyearshavesuggestedthatridesharingserviceslikeUberandLyftcanworsentrafficproblemsincities.Thenewstudyrepresentsanattempttocenteronhowridesharingservicesaffectpollution.Overall,theresearchersreportedthatridesharingtripsnow"resultina69percentmoreclimatepollutiononaveragethanthetripstheyreplace."Thestudynotesthatthesamepassengerscouldhavechosentotravelbybus,train,bikeoronfoot.Oneofthebigreasonstheygiveforthisresultisthatridesharingvehiclesareoftendrivenwithnopassengersinthecar.Thishappenswhendriversareeitherwaitingforriderrequests,areonthewaytopickuppassengers.Thissituation,knownas"deadheading,"takesupabout42percentofallridesharingdrivingactivity,thestudyfound.Theresearcherssaidthatdeadheadingresultsinabout50percentmorecarbondioxidethanonepersondrivinginaprivatevehicle.BothUberandLyfthavesaidinthepastthatmoststudiesonthesubjectoverstate(夸大）theeffectsoftheirservicesonpollution.UbertoldReutersnewsagencyinastatementithadnomentonthelatestreportandthatthestudymademisleadingclaimsaboutridesharing.Meanwhile,thepanysaiditwouldworkdirectlywithcitiestoaddressclimatechanges,promotingsharingtripsandothermeansoftransportation.8.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Ridesharingbeesanewtrendthatcan’tbeavoided.B.Ridesharingindustryismetwithcriticism.C.Ridesharingservicesincreasepollution.D.Ridesharingservicesneedimprovement.9.Theterm“deadheading”inthepassagerefersto________.A.adrivingprocesswherethedriverisnotcarryingpassengersB.apotentialriskthatthedrivermaylosecontrolofthevehicleC.aperiodofdrivinghourswhenvehiclesproducemorecarbondioxideD.asituationinwhichadriverhastoomanypassengerstopickup10.IntheeyesofUber,thelatestreportisactually________.A.barkingupthewrongtree B.notseekingthetruthfromfactsC.killingtwobirdswithonestone D.beatingaroundthebush11.Fromthestudyofridesharingservices,wecaninferthat________.A.Ridesharingattractsexactlythesamenumberofpeopleastraditionalmeansoftransport.B.thestudywasconductedtoprovetheinfluenceofridesharingservicesonmoderncitiesC.ridesharingserviceisnotanenvironmentallyfriendlywaytotravelD.thenewreporthasforcedUbertomakebigchangestoachieveitsgoal【答案】8.C9.A10.B11.C【分析】这是一篇议论文。研究发现，共享汽车的使用反而增加了污染。【8题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Anewstudyhasfoundthatridesharingservicesresultinmuchmorepollutionthanotherkindsofprivateandpublictransportation”。一项新的研究发现，共享汽车服务比其它类型的私人或公共交通造成的污染要大得多。第一段点明了文章的主旨，即共享汽车造成的污染更大，故选C项。【9题详解】词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Oneofthebigreasonstheygiveforthisresultisthatridesharingvehiclesareoftendrivenwithnopassengersinthecar.Thishappenswhendriversareeitherwaitingforriderrequests,areonthewaytopickuppassengers.Thissituation,knownas"deadheading,"”他们给出的导致这一结果的最大原因之一是共享汽车经常会空驶。这种情况要么发生在司机等单时，要么发生在前去接乘客时。这种情况被称为“空驶”。所以deadheading指的是司机没有载乘客情况下的驾驶。故选A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“BothUberandLyfthavesaidinthepastthatmoststudiesonthesubjectoverstatetheeffectsoftheirservicesonpollution.”Uber和Lyft公司过去都曾说过，关于这一主题的大多数研究都夸大了其服务对环境污染的影响。所以Uber公司认为这个研究不实事求是。故选B项。11题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Overall,theresearchersreportedthatridesharingtripsnow"resultina69percentmoreclimatepollutiononaveragethanthetripstheyreplace.”研究人员报告称，总体而言，目前共享汽车出行比它们所替代的出行服务平均多产生了69%的污染。可知，共享汽车并不是环保的出行方式。故选C项。五、（辽宁省联合体20242025学年高三上学期11月期中）语法填空ChinesehitvideogameBlackMyth:Wukonghastakenthegamingworldbystorm,56（sell）morethan10millioncopiesacrossallplatformsinjustthreedaysafteritsofficialreleaseonAug.20.57（adapt）fromtheclassicChinesenovelJourneytotheWest,“BlackMyth:Wukong”,receivedcriticalpraiseforitshighquality,settinganewrecordforChinesegames58majorplatformsandcurrentlyrankingsecondinthehistoricalpeaknumberofonlineplayersforallgamesonSteam.Asanactionroleplayinggame,playersofBlackMyth:Wukongassumetheroleofa“personofdestiny”,embarkingonadangerousandwonderfuljourney59（discover）thetruthbehindancientlegends.Featuring60richandimmersivebatsystem,thegameallowsplayerstomastervariousstaff61（technique）andbinethemwithawideseriesofspells,transformations,talents,andweaponstofindafightingstylethat62（suit）thembest.Althoughthegame’smassivepopularityinChinacanpartlybeduetonational63（familiar）withJourneytotheWest,thefactthatithascaptivatedinternationalaudiences,manyof64lackthisculturalbackground,suggeststhatBlackMythWuKongisontherightpath.Someenthusiasts65（collect）over200pagesofbackgroundmaterialinthepastfewdaystohelpinternationalplayersunderstandthestory’sdeepculturalroots.【答案】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国现在最热门的游戏《黑色神话：悟空》。56.selling考查非谓语动词。句意：国产热门游戏《黑神话：悟空》在正式发布后的三天内，在8月20日销售超过了一千万份，震惊了整个游戏界。主语ChinesehitvideogameBlackMyth:Wukong和动词sell之间存在主动关系，故填selling.57.Adapted考查非谓语动词。句意：“改编自中国经典小说《西游记》的《黑色神话：悟空》，这款备受期待的游戏，因其高质量而受到好评，在各大平台上创下了中国游戏的新纪录，目前排名第二，在Steam上的玩家达到历史高峰。”动词adapt与主语thislonganticipatedgame存在被动关系且位于句首，故填Adapted。58.on考查介词。句意：…创下中国游戏在这个主要平台上的新纪录，目前在Steam上所有游戏的历史在线玩家峰值排名第二。与platform搭配，在…平台上，故填on.59.todiscover考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一款动作角色扮演游戏，黑色神话：悟空的玩家扮演了一个“命运之人”的角色，踏上了一段危险而奇妙的旅程去揭示古代传说背后真相。根据句意此处为非谓语动词且表目的，故填todiscover.60.a考查冠词。“以一种丰富而身临其境的战斗系统为特点…”system为可数名词且表示泛指，rich为辅音音素开头，故填a。61.techniques考查名词的数。句意：“…游戏允许玩家掌握各种技能…”technique表示技能为可数名词，故填techniques。62.suits考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“…并将它们与一系列广泛的法术、变形、才能和武器结合起来，找到最适合他们的战斗风格”。that引导定语从句，先行词为style在定语从句中做主语为单数，且根据前文应用一般现在时。故填suits.63.familiarity考查词性转换。句意：“尽管这款游戏在中国大规模的受欢迎部分原因是因为大家对《西游记》的熟悉，但这款游戏同时也吸引了国际观众（且他们多数人缺乏这种文化背景）这一事实表明，《黑神话：悟空》是走在了正确的道路上”设空出位于形容词national后应用名词形式，故填familiarity.64.whom考查连词。句意：“事实上，它吸引了国际观众，其中许多人缺乏这种文化背景，这表明《黑神话：悟空》正走在正确的道路上。”设空处引导定语从句，先行词为audiences且前面有介词，故填whom.65.havecollected考查谓语动词。句意“一些爱好者在最近几天里收集了超过200页的背景材料，以帮助国际玩家理解故事深厚的文化根源。”设空处是谓语动词且根据时间状语inthepastfewdays，主语为复数形式，故填havecollected.六、（河北省邯郸市三龙育华中学20242025学年高二上学期第一次月考）读后续写Pembralwasagoodboy.Buthewasalwaysforgettingthings.Bigthings,smallthings,importantthings,littlethings.Hismotherwasapatientwoman,whichwasagoodthing.Pembralregularlytestedherpatience.Shelearnedearlyontoremindhimofeverything:bigthings,smallthings,importantthings,eventhelittlethings.Onceinawhilethelittlethingsthatdidn’tseemimportantatthetimebecamemoreimportantlater.SometimesshethoughtthatPembralforgotthingsonpurpose—thingslikewashingbehindhisears;orpickinguphistoys;orfeedingthedog.Itbothered(麻烦)hertoremindhimofthesesortsofthings.However,forthemostpart,sheknewthathismindjustwanderedoffanditwasherjobtobringitback.Fallweatherhadarrived.Theairwascoolandfresh,especiallyinthemorning,eveniftheskieswerebrilliantblueandthesunwasshiningbrightly.Thelightofthemorningmadewisps(缕)offogeupfromtheponds.Thetreeswerechangingtheirsummergreenstocoatsofbrilliantyellow,orangeandred.ThiswasatimewhenPembral’smothercookedthingsthatsmelledandtastedreallygood.Itseemedlikehewasjusthungrierinthefallorsomething,andhelikedhowthewindowssteamedupandhowthekitchensmellsfilledupthewholehousewhenhismotherwascookingupsomethinggoodatthattimeoftheyear.Pembral’smotherwasbaking(烤)somethingspecialthatday:acarrotcake.ItwasoneofPembral’sfavorites.Butsheneededsomethingsfromthestore,andsentPembraltogetthem.“Ineedeggs,sugarandraisins(葡萄干),”shesaid.“Here’ssomemoney,”shewenton.“Putitinyourpocketwhereyouwon’tloseit.”Pembralpushedthemoneyintohispocket,andheadedtowardthedoor.Hewentoutsideanddownthestreet,kickingdryleavesonthesidewalkintotheairandbreathingintheirsmell,andwatchingflyingbirds.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。Whenhegottothestore,hepickedupabasketandwentaboutshopping.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hewasreachingintohispocketforthechangewhenhismothersaid,“Wherearetheeggs?”__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Whenhegottothesto