2018届高考英语知识点提能检测14

选修六Unit4高考提能练阅读理解·组块专练——练速度(限时：35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2016·济南市高三调研)Fortwentyyears,Isavedallmycollegecoursenotesandtextbooks:that'salotofpaper.Worse,it'snoteasytocarrythemaround—andtrustme,theyaren'tlight—onatleastsevenmoves.YetIneveroncelookedatthem.Theysatinourbasement,coveredinathicklayerofdust.Ifbooksandpaperscouldwonder,they'dwonderwhytheywerestillunderourstairsafterallthoseyears.WhenwouldtheBigDaycome?Well,theBigDayeventuallydidarrive;onlyitwasdifferentthanexpected.Mywife,alwaysmoreacceptingchangesthanIam,finallytalkedmeintoclearingouttheentiremess.ThepainIexperiencedwasalsounexpected.WhathurtmewastocomeacrossthoseterriblepapersI'dwritten,whichremindedmeofmypoorstudyhabits,andanembarrassinglackofcomprehension.Itwasgreattogetridofthem.Butitwasalsoaclearingofpersonalhistory.Atfirst,Istruggledwiththis.Thetruthwasintherecordthatmybooks,mynotes,andmypaperswereprimarysourcematerials,documentinganimportanttimeinmylife.Toclearthemoutwastoclearoutthetruth.WhatI'velearnedsincetakingthisleapisthattheprocessismoreimportantthanthetruth.Ifeelasifmuchofmyrealeducationduringmycollegeyearsisn'tinthedocumentsbutnowinme.SoIamgladtofreemyselfofthisphysicalburden.Andwhat'sbetteristhatIdon'tneedtolookbacktothosepainfulmoments.Theybelongtothepast.Youmightwanttoconsiderdoingsomethingsimilar,eitherunderthestairsofyourbasementorinyourmind.Whatisthepersonalrubbishpilinginyourlife?Clearitoutandmakeyourlifeawesome.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者下决心清除了堆积多年的大学课本和笔记后，从开始纠结“清除了过去的记录，就清除了过去的历史”到最终明白“过程才最重要”的道理。1．Whywastheauthorfinallydeterminedtodesertallthecollegematerials?A．Becausehiswifepersuadedhimto.B．Becausetheywereofnouseatall.C．Becausetheywereheavyonthemoves.D．Becausetheyoccupiedspacetoolong.解析：选A细节理解题。根据文章第三段的第二句“Mywife...finallytalkedmeintoclearingouttheentiremess.”可知，作者的妻子说服了作者，故选A项。2．Theauthorstruggledattheverybeginningfor________.A．asenseofpainB．asenseofembarrassmentC．asenseofregretforthepastD．asenseoflosingpartofhishistory解析：选D细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Butitwasalsoaclearingofpersonalhistory.”及第五段中的“Toclearthemoutwastoclearoutthetruth.”可知，作者纠结的是“清除了过去的记录，就清除了过去的历史”，故选D项。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Thepastexperiences.B．Thewastedcollege­relatedmaterials.C．Therubbishinthebasement.D．Physicalandpsychologicalmess.解析：选D代词指代题。根据文章最后两段中的“eitherunderthestairsofyourbasementorinyourmind”以及“Whatisthepersonalrubbishpilinginyourlife？”可知，it指代的是物质上和心理上的垃圾，故D项正确。4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．LetItGoB．SortItOutC．GiveupthePastD．ForgettheHistory解析：选A标题归纳题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲述的是该放弃生活中的“垃圾”的时候，我们就应该任凭它去，并且文章在篇末点题，“Clearitout”是关键词，故A项最适合作文章标题。B(2016·甘肃省高三第一次诊断)Eveniftreescannotwalk,theyarestillonthemove.InpartsoftheArctic,entireforestsaremovingnorthward.AcrosstheArctic,temperaturesarerisingfasterthananywhereelseintheworld.Asthathappens,thetreelinethatmarkswhereforestsstopandthetreelesstundra(冻原)startshasbeenshiftingnorthward.Treesgrowingalongthetreelinemustprotectthemselvesfromthecoldwind.Todothis,_plantstendtogrowhorizontal(水平的)brancheslowtotheground.Theenergyittakesfortreestogrowthiswaymeanstheydon'thaveenoughenergytomakeseeds.ButasEarth'sclimatehasbeenwarming,treesnolongerhavetojustgrowhorizontally.Manycaninsteadgrowuptowardthesky.Thistakeslessenergy.Andwithallthatleftoverenergy,thesetreeshavestartedproducingmoreseeds.Thishappensespeciallyinplaceswherewhitespruce(白云杉)grows.Whitespruce,whichisaNorthAmericantree,isquiteabletoproducealotofseeds,whichcanmovelongdistancesinthewind.Whenwind­blownseedsenduponthetundrabeyondthetreeline,theyeventuallycansprout(发芽)newtrees.Thisexplainshowaforestcanmove.Ofcourse,theprocesswouldworkonlyifthetundrawerewarmenough.Butinrecentyears,thewholeplanethasbeenwarming.Newtreeswillprovidesheltersforsomesnow.Keepingthesun'sraysfrommakingthewhitesurfacedisappear.Instead,thetreesabsorbthesun'sheat.Thiswarmsthesurroundingair.Theextrawarmthencouragesevenmoretreestoproduceseeds.Thatfurtherboostsaforest'sabilitytoexpand.Inaddition,moretreeswilltrapmoresnow,preventingmuchofitfrombeingblownaway.Snowcantrapheatinthesoilbelow,whichencouragestreestogrow.Therecentriseoftemperatureshashelpedmoretreesgrowpastthetreeline.Peopleworryaboutimpactsontheanimalsthatdependonfrozenconditionsforfoodandshelter.语篇解读：本文是一篇科研报告。主要研究了气温升高对北极圈植物的影响。5．WhatisthemaincauseofthetreesintheArcticmovingnorthward?A．Theshrinkingofnortherntundra.B．Therisingtemperature.C．Thefierceandcoldwind.D．Theabundantresourcesinthenorth.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句以及本段的整体内容可知，不断上升的气温是北极圈树木北移的主要原因，即B项正确。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph2mean?A．Toproducemoreseeds.B．Tomovenorthward.C．Torespondtotheclimatechange.D．Toprotectthemselvesfromthecoldwind.解析：选D代词指代题。根据画线词前的“Treesgrowingalongthetreelinemustprotectthemselvesfromthecoldwind.”可知，画线词this指代的是本句中的“protectthemselvesfromthecoldwind”，故D项正确。7．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Newtreescantrapthesnow,whichmaymakethesoilcolder.B．Thetrappedsnowpreventsnewtreesfromproducingmoreseeds.C．Newtreescanmakethesurroundingairwarmer.D．Newtreescanbringmorefoodandsheltertolocalanimals.解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Newtrees...thesurroundingair.”可推知，新树会让周围的空气更加温暖，故C项正确。8．Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom________.A．asciencereportB．ahealthreportC．afashionmagazineD．achildren'smagazine解析：选A文章出处题。根据文章的整体内容可推知，本文主要研究的是气候变暖对北极圈植物的影响，故该文应选自科研报告，故A项正确。C(2016·秦皇岛市高三质检)BeijingplanstokeepatightruleonpollutionbycuttingemissionscausedbyindustrialproductionandvehicleswhenithoststheAPECEconomicLeaders'MeetinginNovember.FromNovember3to12,thecitywillrestricttheuseofprivatevehiclesbasedoneven­andodd­numberedlicenseplates,reducingtheuseofsuchvehiclesby35percent,themunicipal(市政府的)trafficcommitteesaidonThursday.Allvehiclestransportingconstructionwasteanddangerouschemicalswillbebannedfromthecapital'sroadsduringthisperiod,buttherestrictionwillnotapplytobuses,taxisandothervehiclessuchaspolicecars.ThemeasuresaresimilartothoseintroducedfromJuly20toSept.20in2008duringtheBeijingOlympicGames.“Thenumberofpassengersusingpublictransportwillincreaseby3millionaday,”saidLiShaoming,deputydirectoroftheBeijingTrafficManagementBureau.Duringthe10days,400additionalbuseswillbeusedtotransportcommuterstomeettheincreaseddemands.ThemunicipalgovernmenthasalsodrawnupeightplanstoreduceindustrialpollutionduringtheAsia­PacificEconomicCooperationforum.ZhuangZhidong,deputydirectoroftheBeijingMunicipalEnvironmentalProtectionBureau,said,“FromNov.3,productionatsomecompanieslistedbythegovernmentwillbesuspendedfor10days.”Workwillalsobesuspendedatallconstructionsitesandondemolitionprojectsduringthisperiod.“Moreimportantly,Beijingwillworkwithitsneighborstocontrolemissions，”Zhuangsaid,addingthattherewillberegulardiscussiononairpollutionamongsixgovernments.NeighboringauthoritiesinTianjinMunicipality,Hebei,ShanxiandShandongProvinceandtheInnerMongoliaAutonomousRegionwilloperatestrictpollutioncontrolmeasuresoverthe10days.MediareportssaidthatfromNov.7to12,employeedepartments,institutesandsocialorganizationsinBeijingcanhaveaholiday,exceptfordepartmentsdealingwiththeAPECmeetingandcitymanagement.语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。在举办亚太经合组织领导人会议期间，北京将采取严厉的措施来治理污染。9．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Carscan'tbeusedinBeijingfromNovember3to12.B．NotallthepeopleinBeijingcanhaveaholidayfromNovember7to12.C．Citizenswillchoosebusesastheironlymeansoftransport.D．Alltheneighboringprovinceswilltakethesamemeasures.解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，并不是所有在北京的人这几天都有假期，故B项正确；根据第二段中的“FromNovember3to12...reducingtheuseofsuchvehiclesby35percent”可知，是减少使用私家车，不是禁止使用，故A项错误；根据第三段中的“buttherestrictionwillnotapplytobuses,taxisandothervehiclessuchaspolicecars”可知，C项不正确；根据倒数第二段内容可知，北京附近的一些省份也将采取措施治理污染，但是没提到采取的是相同的措施，故D项不正确。10．Whatisthepurposeofthevehiclerestriction?A．Toreducetheemissionscausedbyvehicles.B．Tocallonpeopletousepublictransport.C．Toadvocateanewlifestyle.D．TodisplaythefriendlinessofBeijingpeople.解析：选A细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Beijingplanstokeepatightruleonpollutionbycuttingemissionscausedbyindustrialproductionandvehicles”可知，限制汽车的使用是为了减少它们所产生的污染。故A项正确。11．Theunderlinedword“suspended”(Paragraph8)probablymeans“________”．A．delayed B．continuedC．completed D．reduced解析：选A词义猜测题。根据画线词前后的信息可知，因为要治理污染，所以一些被政府列出来的公司的生产将被延期，即A项正确。12．Wherecanyouprobablyreadthepassage?A．Inatravelguide. B．Inaresearchpaper.C．Inanewspaper. D．Inaliteraturemagazine.解析：选C文章出处题。文章在开头就点明了主题，即北京出台条例来治理污染，然后进行了详细的说明，这符合新闻报道的写法，故本文可能来自报纸。D(2016·郑州市高三质量预测)Itisquitereasonabletoblametrafficjams,thecostofgasandthegreatspeedofmodernlife,butmannersontheroadarebecominghorrible.Everybodyknowsthatthenicestmenwouldbecomefiercetigersbehindthewheel.Itisallrighttohaveatigerinacage,buttohaveoneinthedriver'sseatisanothermatter.Roadpolitenessisnotonlygoodmanners,butagoodsense.Ittakesthemostcool­headeddriversgreatpatiencetogiveupthedesiretobeatbackwhenforcedtofacerudedriving.Ontheotherhand,alittlepolitenessgoesalongwaytowardsreducingthepossibilityofquarrellingandfighting.Afriendlynodorawaveofthanksinanswertoanactofpolitenesshelpstocreateanatmosphereofgoodwillandbecomessonecessaryinmoderntrafficconditions.Butsuchbehaviorofpolitenessisbynomeansenough.Manydriversnowadaysdon'tevenseemabletorecognizepolitenesswhentheyseeit.However,misplacedpolitenesscanalsobedangerous.Atypicalexampleisthedriverwhowavesachildcrossingthestreetatawrongplaceintothepathofoncomingcarsthatmaynotbeabletostopintime.Thesamegoesforencouragingoldladiestocrosstheroadwhereverandwhenevertheywantto.Anexperienceddriver,whosemannersarefaultless,toldmeitwouldhelpifdriverslearnttocorrectlyjoininatrafficstreamwithoutcausingtotalblockagesthatgiverisetounpleasantfeelings.Unfortunately,moderndriverscan'tevenlearntodrive,letalonemastertheroadmanship(公路驾车技能).Yearsago,expertswarnedusthatthefastincreaseofthecarownershipwoulddemandmoregive­and­take(互谅互让)fromallroadusers.Itishightimeforallofustotakethismessagetoheart.语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了行车礼貌的问题。13．Thepassagemainlytalksabout________.A．trafficjams B．goodmannersC．roadpoliteness D．moderndrivers解析：选C主旨大意题。根据全文的整体内容可知，本文主要讨论了驾驶员行车礼貌的问题，故选C项。14．Troublesontheroadareoftencausedby________.A．trafficjamsB．thebehaviorofthedriversC．thegreatspeedofmodernlifeD．terribleroadconditions解析：选B推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句可推知，路上的麻烦大多是由驾驶员的不良行为引起的，行车礼貌问题正变得可怕，故选B项。15．Accordingtothewriter,agooddrivershould________.A．encouragechildrentocrosstheroadwhenevertheywanttoB．beatbackwhenforcedtofacerudedrivingC．beabletorecognizepolitenesswhenheseesitD．joininatrafficstreamquicklyhoweverotherpeoplefeel解析：选C推理判断题。根据第二段的最后两句可推知，一个好的驾驶员应该能够认可道路礼貌行为，故选C项。Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2016·河北省唐山市统一考试)Youmayhavegrownuplivingwithsistersandbrothers,orthismaybeyourfirsttimesharingyourlivingspacewithsomeoneelse.__1__However,itcanalsobeagreatpartofyourcollegeexperience.Followthesetipstomakesureyouandyourroommatekeepthingspleasantandsupportivethroughouttheyear.Beclearfromthebeginning.Maybeyouhateitwhensomeoneinterruptsyouwhenyouaresleepingeverymorning.Maybeyouneedtenminutesbeforetalkingtoanyoneafteryouwakeup.__2__It'snotfairtoexpecthimorhertopickupon