2022年山东省潍坊市高二下学期期末考试英语试题

山东省潍坊市2021-2022学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AUnderSingapore’sVaccinatedTravelFramework,alltravellersincludingSingaporecitizensandpermanentresidentsarrivingfromallcountries/regionscanenterSingaporewithoutquarantine(隔离),testingorentryapprovalsiftheymeetthefollowingrequirements:*Beachildbornonorafter1Jan.2010—childrenwhomeetthiscriteriacanenterregardlessofCOVID-19vaccinationstatus(疫苗接种状态).*BefullyvaccinatedwithWHOEULvaccinesifbornonorbefore31Dec.2009(i.e.age13andabovebyyearofbirth)MixeddosesusingtheseWHOEULvaccines,andvaccinationwithrecoveryarealsoacceptable.*BevaccinatedagainstYellowFeverifyouhavevisitedYellowFeverhighriskcountries/regionsinAfricaandLatinAmerica—avalidYellowFevervaccinationcertificateisrequired.Travellersbornonorbefore31Dec.2009whodonotmeetthevaccinationrequirementsaboveareconsiderednon-fullyvaccinatedtravellers.Theywillbesubjecttoentryapprovals,testsandquarantine.Thisincludestravellerswho:*Aremedicallyexempted(免除)fromCOVID-19vaccination.*Tooknon-WHOEULvaccinesonly,anddidnottaketheminimumdosageofWHOEULCOVID-19vaccines.*RecoveredfromCOVID-19butdidnotcompletetheminimumdosageofWHOEULCOVID-19vaccines.Generallynon-fullyvaccinatedlongtermpassholdersandshort-termvisitorsarenotallowedtoenterSingaporeunlessinexceptionalcircumstances.Clicktheorangebuttonbelowforadetailedchecklistoftravelrequirements.1.WhocanenterSingaporewithoutentryapprovals?A.Acollegegraduateunvaccinated. B.Aten-year-oldboyfromAustralia.C.ASingaporeaninfectedwithCOVID-19. D.AbusinessmanfromAfricawithYellowFever.2.Whatwillthenon-fullyvaccinatedtravelersdotoenterSingapore?A.Getalongtermpass.B.Takenon-WHOEULvaccines.C.Havephysicalexaminationonaregularbasis.D.Provideentryapprovalsandreceivetestsandquarantine.3.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Amagazine. C.Awebsite. D.Abrochure.【答案】1.B2.D3.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了新加坡的入境要求。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Beachildbornonorafter1Jan.2010—childrenwhomeetthiscriteriacanenterregardlessofCOVID-19vaccinationstatus.(2010年1月1日或之后出生的儿童——符合这一标准的儿童无论是否处于COVID-19疫苗接种状态均可进入)”和第三段的“BefullyvaccinatedwithWHOEULvaccinesifbornonorbefore31Dec.2009(i.e.age13andabovebyyearofbirth)(如在2009年12月31日或之前出生（即按出生年份划分为13岁及以上），应全面接种世卫组织EUL疫苗)”可知，现在是2022年，2010年1月1日或之后出生的儿童就应该是小于12岁的，因此一个来自澳大利亚的十岁男孩不需要入境许可就可以进入新加坡。故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段的“Travellersbornonorbefore31Dec.2009whodonotmeetthevaccinationrequirementsaboveareconsiderednon-fullyvaccinatedtravellers.Theywillbesubjecttoentryapprovals,testsandquarantine.(在2009年12月31日或之前出生的旅行者，如果没有达到上述疫苗接种要求，将被视为未完全接种疫苗的旅行者。他们将接受入境许可、检测和隔离)”可知，未完全接种疫苗的旅行者要提供入境许可、检测和隔离。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Clicktheorangebuttonbelowforadetailedchecklistoftravelrequirements.(点击下面的橙色按钮查看详细的旅行需求清单)”可知，文章可能是从网站上摘录的。故选C。BLiangKaiyu,a30-year-oldengineer,losthisleftlegabovethekneeinanexplosionwhentestinghisself-builtautomaticelectronicmotorinJanuary2020.Heusedhisengineeringskillstomakehisprosthetic(假肢的)legmorecomfortableandpowerfulthanarealleg.“Ihaveexperiencedsomeawkwardmomentswhileusingtheprostheticleg,whichhasmademethinkabouthowtoupgradeit.”Liangsays,“Securitycheckswhentraveling,especiallyatairports,canbeabitproblematic:othersincludetryingonclothesinfittingrooms,shoesatshoppingmalls,andchangingfrom‘feet’toarunningbladebeforejogging.”Sincelate2020,hehasupgradedhishigh-techprosthesis.OneofthelatestupgradesistheadditionofcoloredLEDlightstohisrunningblade.Hehasbecomeanovernightinternethitonshort-videostreamingplatformsforsharinghisdesignsandupgradesonhishigh-techprostheticlegtomakeitcloseto,orevenbetterthan,arealone.Liangsays,“AlthoughChinahasmillionsofamputees(截肢患者),peoplewithaprosthesisarestillararesightonthestreet.Ihopemyvideoscanbeinspiringtopeoplestrugglingthroughtoughtimes,justlikeIhavebeenthrough.Evenasmilewillmakeitworthit.”Sincehisoptimismandcouragemadenationalheadlines,Lianghasgoneviralonsocialmedia.Onmicro-bloggingplatformSinaWeibo,hisstoryhasgainedmorethan21millionviewssofar.Manyusersrefertohimbythenickname“IronLegMan”.“Whatamazesmemostisnotyourskills,butyourconfidenceaftersuchadisaster,”anetizennamedModarensays.Toadvancefunctionalperformanceandhelpamputeesmaintainorregaintheirfreedomofmovement,Lianghasprovidedhisexperienceandsuggestionstoseveralprostheticscompanies.“Ifthereisagoodopportunity,Iwanttomakehigh-techprostheticsaccessibleandaffordabletomoreamputeesinChina,”Liangsays.4.WhatcausedLiangtoupgradehisprostheticleg?A.Hisplantorunfaster. B.Thequalityofhisprostheticleg.C.Hisenthusiasmforinnovation. D.Theinconveniencesfromhisprostheticleg.5.WhydoesLiangsharehisvideos?A.Toearnhisliving. B.Toattractmorefollowers.C.Toencouragethepeopleintrouble. D.Toshowoffhisprofessionalskills.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeLiang?A.Optimisticandconfident. B.Honestandcourageous.C.Determinedandmodest. D.Considerateandhumorous.7.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.B.It’snevertoolatetodowhatyoulike.C.Whatdoesn’tkillyoumakesyoustronger.D.Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了工程师梁开宇升级了自己的高科技假肢，并在短视频平台上分享这一切，从而一夜爆红。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段““Ihaveexperiencedsomeawkwardmomentswhileusingtheprostheticleg,whichhasmademethinkabouthowtoupgradeit.”Liangsays,“Securitycheckswhentraveling,especiallyatairports,canbeabitproblematic:othersincludetryingonclothesinfittingrooms,shoesatshoppingmalls,andchangingfrom‘feet’toarunningbladebeforejogging.”(“在使用假肢时，我经历了一些尴尬的时刻，这让我思考如何升级它。”梁说：“旅行时的安全检查，尤其是在机场，可能会有一些问题：其他包括在试衣间试穿衣服，在购物中心试穿鞋子，以及在慢跑前把‘脚’换成跑步刀。”)”可知，他之所以要升级自己的假肢，是因为他的假肢给他的生活带来诸多不便。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Liangsays,“AlthoughChinahasmillionsofamputees(截肢患者),peoplewithaprosthesisarestillararesightonthestreet.Ihopemyvideoscanbeinspiringtopeoplestrugglingthroughtoughtimes,justlikeIhavebeenthrough.Evenasmilewillmakeitworthit.”(梁说：“虽然中国有数百万截肢者，但街上戴着假肢的人仍然很少见。我希望我的视频能激励那些和我一样在艰难时期挣扎的人。即使是一个微笑也会让它变得值得。”)”可知，他分享短视频的目的是为了鼓舞那些处于困境的人。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Sincehisoptimismandcouragemadenationalheadlines,Lianghasgoneviralonsocialmedia.(自从他的乐观和勇气成为全国头条新闻后，梁在社交媒体上走红。)”可知，他很乐观；再根据第四段““Whatamazesmemostisnotyourskills,butyourconfidenceaftersuchadisaster,”anetizennamedModarensays.(网友Modaren说：“最让我惊讶的不是你的技能，而是你在灾难之后的自信。”)”可推断，他是一个自信的人。综上，故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，梁开宇由于意外而失去了膝盖以上的左腿，并戴上了假肢，但是他并没有被困难击倒，反而利用自己的工程技术是自己的假肢比真腿更加舒适、有力。即，他并没有被困难打倒，并且用自己所长使自己更强大。选项A“Twoheadsarebetterthanone.(三个臭皮匠顶一个诸葛亮。)”；选项B“It’snevertoolatetodowhatyoulike.(做自己喜欢的事，永远都不晚。)”；选项C“Whatdoesn’tkillyoumakesyoustronger.(杀不死你的，会让你更强大。)”；选项D“Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.(千里之行，始于足下。)”。选项C最符合文意，故选C。CCalled“America’swolf”,theredwolfistheonlylargepredatorwhosehistoricrangeisfoundentirelywithintheUnitedStates,stretchingfromTexastoNewEngland.Buthuntinggraduallyreduceditsrange,anditwasdeclaredextinctinthewildin1980.Recoveryeffortsinthewildbeganin1987ontheAlligatorRiverNationalWildlifeRefuge.Inaground-breakingsuccessfulexperiment,eightcaptive(圈养的)wolveswerereleasedthisyearintoNorthCarolina,eventuallygrowingintoapopulationover100,reachingapeakofaround120wolvesin2012.ButillegalhuntingandmanagementchangesbytheFishandWildlifeServiceresultedintheirnumbersplummeting.Inthespring,conservationistscelebratedasmallbitofgoodnewswhenfourcaptive-bornpups(幼兽)wereplacedintoacaveandsuccessfullyadoptedbyawildredwolfmother.Meanwhile,anotherfouradultswerereleasedintothewild.Thepupsarethoughttobestillaliveandhealthy.Buttheadultsdidn’tgowell.Inthemonthsafterrelease,threewerestruckbycarsandkilled,andthefourthwasfatallyshotonprivateland.Toboostthepopulationafterthesedeaths,theU.S.FishandWildlifeServiceannouncedinNovemberthatitplannedtoreleasenineadultredwolvesintotheirrecoveryareathiswinter,landwithinandsurroundingtwowildlifereserves.TheServicealsorecentlyannounceditwouldwithdrawa2O18proposaltoshrink(缩小)theredwolves’protectedareainNorthCarolinaby90percent,afteralawsuitaccusedtheagencyofgoingagainsttheEndangeredSpeciesAct.RonSutherlandoftheWildlandsNetworksaysit’scrucialthattheagencyhasabandonedthiswrong-headedproposal.Andyetthesituationnowisevenmoreurgentthanitwasin2018—thisshouldlaunchtheconservationcommunityintheU.S.intocrisismodetosavethisspeciesandbringitbackfromtheextinction.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plummeting”inparagraph2mean?A.Promising. B.Declining. C.Multiplying. D.Increasing.9.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3?A.Thereleasedwolveslivedwell.B.Thepopulationboostedaftertherelease.C.Theredwolffacedgreaterthreatthanbefore.D.Thereleasedredwolvesstillneededprotection.10.WhatwouldtheServicedotosaveredwolves?A.Shrinktheredwolves’reserves.B.Makeaproposaltoprotecttheredwolves.C.Putsomeredwolvesinsomespecificplaces.DForcetheprotectedareaintothestateofemergency.11.Whatdoesthetextfocuson?A.Theprotectionofredwolves. B.Challengesfacedbyredwolves.C.Reasonsforredwolvesextinction. D.Therelationshipbetweenredwolvesandhumans.【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由于非法捕猎和鱼类及野生动物管理局的管理改变而使得红狼数量急剧下降。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词的主语“illegalhuntingandmanagementchangesbytheFishandWildlifeService(非法捕猎和鱼类及野生动物管理局的管理改变)”和常识可知，非法捕猎会导致动物数量的下降。选项A“Promising(承诺)”；选项B“Declining(下降)”；选项C“Multiplying(相乘)”；选项D“Increasing(增加)”。故选B。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Inthespring,conservationistscelebratedasmallbitofgoodnewswhenfourcaptive-bornpups(幼兽)wereplacedintoacaveandsuccessfullyadoptedbyawildredwolfmother.Meanwhile,anotherfouradultswerereleasedintothewild.Thepupsarethoughttobestillaliveandhealthy.Buttheadultsdidn’tgowell.Inthemonthsafterrelease,threewerestruckbycarsandkilled,andthefourthwasfatallyshotonprivateland.(今年春天，环保主义者庆祝了一个小小的好消息：四只圈养出生的红狼幼崽被放进一个洞穴，成功地被一只野生红狼妈妈收养。与此同时，另外四只成年红狼被放归野外。这些幼崽被认为仍然活着，健康。但成年红狼并不顺利。在释放后的几个月里，三头被汽车撞死，第四头在私人土地上被枪杀。)”可推断，被放生野外的红狼还需要保护。故选D。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Toboostthepopulationafterthesedeaths,theU.S.FishandWildlifeServiceannouncedinNovemberthatitplannedtoreleasenineadultredwolvesintotheirrecoveryareathiswinter,landwithinandsurroundingtwowildlifereserves.(在这些死亡事件后，为了增加红狼的数量，美国鱼类和野生动物管理局在11月宣布，计划在今年冬天释放9只成年红狼到它们的恢复区，即两个野生动物保护区及其周围的土地上。)”可知，该机构计划今年释放一些红狼到特定的地区。故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Andyetthesituationnowisevenmoreurgentthanitwasin2018—thisshouldlaunchtheconservationcommunityintheU.S.intocrisismodetosavethisspeciesandbringitbackfromtheextinction.(然而，现在的情况甚至比2018年更紧迫——这应该启动美国的保护社区进入危机模式，以拯救这个物种，并使其从灭绝中恢复。)”及全文可知，文章第一段和第二段主要讲了红狼的数量减少，而之后的段落主要讲述的是如何保护红狼。所以这篇文章的重点是保护红狼。故选A。DInterspecieswasonceatechnicaltermusedinsciencetodescribehowonespeciesgotalongwithanother.Nowitisawordofmoreconsequence:itarousesthenewconnectionsbetweenhumansandnon-humansthatarebeingmadepossiblebytechnology.InWaysofBeing,JamesBridle,aBritishartistandtechnologywriter,exploreswhatthismeansforunderstandingthemanynon-humanintelligencesonEarth.MrBridlemakesclearthatthreekindsofmindsarenowinteracting:human,non-humanandmachine.Usingartificialintelligence(AI),machineswillinfuturehavethecapabilitytointerpose(使介入)themselvesastranslatorsbetweenhumansandotherbiologicallifeforms.ItistruethatprofitisthemainmotiveforadvancesinAI;asyetnaturedoesnotgetmuchofalookin,andnon-humanintelligencesgounexploredoutsidezoologydepartments.Computingisasfocusedonhumansasever,evenasclimatechangeandbiodiversity-losssuggestitshoulddevotemuchgreaterattentiontootherspecies.Thefirststeptowardsaninterspeciesfuture,MrBridleargues,isshowingmoreappreciationforotherformsofintelligence.Tosomeextent,thisisalreadyhappening.Forexample,throughfilmsandotherinitiativesmanypeoplenowknowthatoctopuses(章鱼)haveanadvancedandstrangeintelligence.Thenextstep,MrBridledeclares,isrecognizingthatpeopleliveina“morethanhuman”world.Otherintelligenceshavedevelopedfromacommonevolutionarybase,andtheyoverlap(重叠)inwaysthatscienceisjustbeginningtodiscover.WaysofBeingwouldhavebenefitedfromsharperediting.Yet,inmakingclearthepatience,imaginationandhumilityrequiredtobetterknowandprotectotherformsofintelligenceonEarth,hehasmadeanadmirablecontributiontothedawninginterspeciesage.12.Whichofthefollowingbestillustratestheterm“interspecies”?A.Awolfhuntsarabbit. B.Arobotdoeshousework.C.Aladywalksherdog. D.Aboyrecordsavideoforsquirrels.13.WhatdoesAIlayemphasisonnowadays?A.Biodiversity. B.Otherspecies. C.Humans. D.Climatechange.14.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thecharacteristicsofspeciesevolution.B.ExpectationsforthefuturedevelopmentofAI.C.Suggestionsonfutureexplorationofinterspecies.D.Theimportanceofappreciationforotherformsofintelligence.15.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor’sattitudetoWaysofBeing?A.Skeptical. B.Favorable. C.Tolerant. D.Conservative.【答案】12.D13.C14.C15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能正在改变人们与其他生物之间的关系。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Interspecieswasonceatechnicaltermusedinsciencetodescribehowonespeciesgotalongwithanother.Nowitisawordofmoreconsequence:itarousesthenewconnectionsbetweenhumansandnon-humansthatarebeingmadepossiblebytechnology.(物种间曾经是一个科学术语，用来描述一个物种如何与另一个物种相处。现在，它是一个更重要的词：它唤起了人类和非人类之间的新联系，而这种联系正因技术而成为可能)”可知，“物种间”这个术语是指人类和非人类之间的新联系。由此推断，“一个男孩给松鼠录了一段视频”最能说明这个术语。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Computingisasfocusedonhumansasever,evenasclimatechangeandbiodiversity-losssuggestitshoulddevotemuchgreaterattentiontootherspecies.(尽管气候变化和生物多样性丧失表明计算机应该更多地关注其他物种，但它仍然一如既往地关注人类)”可知，现在人工智能的重点是人类。故选C。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Thefirststeptowardsaninterspeciesfuture,MrBridleargues,isshowingmoreappreciationforotherformsofintelligence.(布瑞德先生认为，迈向跨物种未来的第一步是对其他形式的智力表现出更多的欣赏)”可知，本段主要介绍对未来物种间探索的建议。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“WaysofBeingwouldhavebenefitedfromsharperediting.Yet,inmakingclearthepatience,imaginationandhumilityrequiredtobetterknowandprotectotherformsofintelligenceonEarth,hehasmadeanadmirablecontributiontothedawninginterspeciesage.(《存在之道》本可以从更尖锐的剪辑中获益。然而，在阐明更好地了解和保护地球上其他形式的智能所需的耐心、想象力和谦逊方面，他为跨物种时代的到来做出了令人钦佩的贡献)”可推断，作者对《存在之道》的态度是赞同的。故选B。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Worldinadish:ThegardenpathImagineaplateholdingtwostrawberries,identicalinappearance.Onecamefromthesupermarket,meaningitwasprobablyharvestedwhenitwasstillunripe,loadedontoarefrigeratedtruckanddrivenhundredsofmiles.___16___Theotherstrawberrywaspickedfromagardenminutesbeforebeingeaten.Thefirstonewillprobablytastelikeaslightlysoftcucumber,withlightberryflavorsandstrongsourtastes.Thesecondislikelytobesweetandfloral;theflavorwillstayinthemouth,asthepleasantsmellwillonthehands.___17___Theyareconvenientandavailableinthenorthernhemisphere(北半球)inFebruary.___18___Thisattitudemisunderstandstheultimateappealofgardening.Itmistakestheproductforthepurpose.Itistruethatagardencanproducepeasthatofferatasteofspringwhilefindingtomatoesintheshopscantakesometime,effortandexpense.Agarden,especiallyintheearlyyears,canalsoproducelittlebutfrustration.Beginninggardenersmayplantthewrongcropsfortheirsoil.Squirrelshaveanannoyinghabitoftakingsinglebitesofcucumbers,beansandtomatoes,thenleavingtherestonthevine(藤)torot.___19___Nomatter.___20___Thedeepestpleasure—aswithcooking,writing,bringingupchildrenoralmostanythingworthwhile—isintheworkitself.Togardenistopatiently,lovinglyanddiligentlyhelplifeflourish,inthegroundandaboveit.A.Therealjoyofgardeningisthetimespentdoingit.B.Growingyourownvegetablesensuresareliablesupply.C.Well-stockedsupermarketshelvesareavailableallweek.D.Somecolumnistslongconsideredgardeningawasteoftime.E.However,supermarketstrawberriesarenotentirelywithoutadvantages.F.Bythetimeitreachedtheplateitmayhavebeenoffthevinefortwoweeks.G.Andevenexpertgardenerscanloseaseason'sharvesttouncooperativeweather.【答案】16.F17.E18.D19.G20.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了园艺的意义就是耐心地、慈爱地、勤勉地帮助生命在地上和地上蓬勃发展。【16题详解】根据空后的“Theotherstrawberrywaspickedfromagardenminutesbeforebeingeaten.(另一个草莓是在吃之前几分钟从花园里摘的。)”可知，空处仍然在讨论第一种草莓的来源；而上文提到第一种草莓是来自超市，在冷藏卡车里被运来的。选项F“Bythetimeitreachedtheplateitmayhavebeenoffthevinefortwoweeks.(当它到达盘子时，它可能已经从藤上脱落两周了。)”与上文内容一致，仍然在介绍第一种被运到超市售出的草莓。故选F。【17题详解】根据空后的“Theyareconvenientandavailableinthenorthernhemisphere(北半球)inFebruary.(它们在北半球的2月份是方便和可用的。)”可知，在北半球的二月份能够获得的草莓是第一种草莓，所以可以推测空处需要提到第一种草莓。选项E“However,supermarketstrawberriesarenotentirelywithoutadvantages.(然而，超市里的草莓也不是完全没有优势。)”引出下文，符合文意。故选E。【18题详解】根据空后的“Thisattitudemisunderstandstheultimateappealofgardening.Itmistakestheproductforthepurpose.(这种态度误解了园艺的终极吸引力。它把产品错当成了目的。)”可知，空处需要提到一种错误的看法。选项D“Somecolumnistslongconsideredgardeningawasteoftime.(一些专栏作家长期以来认为园艺是浪费时间。)”引出下文，同时和下文的“thisattitude”一致。故选D。【19题详解】根据空前的“Agarden,especiallyintheearlyyears,canalsoproducelittlebutfrustration.Beginninggardenersmayplantthewrongcropsfortheirsoil.Squirrelshaveanannoyinghabitoftakingsinglebitesofcucumbers,beansandtomatoes,thenleavingtherestonthevine(藤)torot.(一个花园，尤其是在早期的几年里，除了挫折，也能产生很少的东西。初学园艺的人可能种错了适合自己土壤的作物。松鼠有一个讨厌的习惯，就是只咬一口黄瓜、豆类和西红柿，然后把剩下的留在藤蔓上腐烂。)”提到的都是园艺带给人们的沮丧和挫败感。选项G“Andevenexpertgardenerscanloseaseason'sharvesttouncooperativeweather.(即使是园艺专家也可能因为不配合的天气而失去一个季节的收成。)”同样提到园艺人所得到的挫败感，与上文内容一致。故选G。【20题详解】根据空后的“Thedeepestpleasure—aswithcooking,writing,bringingupchildrenoralmostanythingworthwhile—isintheworkitself.(最深层次的乐趣——就像烹饪、写作、抚养孩子或几乎任何有价值的事情一样——在于工作本身。)”可知，本段讲述的是园艺真正的乐趣。选项A“Therealjoyofgardeningisthetimespentdoingit.(园艺的真正乐趣在于花时间做它。)”与下文内容一致。故选A。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Myreliefstaffpersoncalledinsick,leavingmealoneawholedayinthedaytimehomelessshelter.Theshelterprovidedaplaceforthehomelesstocomeinsideandhavecoffee,andthereisa___21___:Ifyoulefttheshelter,youtookyour___22___withyou.AclientnamedMary___23___thecoffeetable,countinghercoins.Shesaid,“Iknowit’s___24___therules,butcanIleavemybagshereforfiveminutes?I’llberightback.”SinceshewastheonlypersonthereandIwastheonlyone___25___,Iagreed,___26___herthatshehadtoreturnforherbags.Truetoherword,Marycamebackwithinminutesand___27___aBurgerKingbagonthedeskinfrontofme.Shesaid,“Youcan’tbehere___28___alldayandhavenothingtoeat.”Ifelt___29___.Iknewthatto____30____hergiftwoulddeeplyembarrassher.Ialsoknewthatshehadspentthe____31____ofhermoneytobuymylunch.IaskedMarytosharethehamburgerwithme,butsherefused,____32____Ineededitmore.She____33____asItookthefirstbite.IrealizedthatinacceptinghergiftIgavehersomething—____34____thatshecouldbe____35____withwhatlittleshehad.Shehadnoidea,ofcourse,thatshegavememuchmorethanahamburgerthatday.21A.ban B.rule C.law D.contract22.A.leftovers B.application C.belongings D.coffee23.A.movedover B.tookover C.leanedover D.knockedover24.A.against B.about C.for D.within25.A.incharge B.introuble C.inconflict D.innegotiation26.A.warning B.informing C.convincing D.reminding27.A.set B.distributed C.checked D.spotted28.A.bored B.alone C.dynamic D.desperate29.A.ashamed B.puzzled C.shocked D.annoyed30.A.accept B.unwrap C.refuse D.ignore31.A.least B.last C.double D.amount32.A.insisting B.confirming C.arguing D.opposing33.A.left B.sighed C.smiled D.agreed34.A.capacity B.pride C.content D.relaxation35.A.ambitious B.reliable C.responsible D.generous【答案】21.B22.C23.C24.A25.A26.D27.A28.B29.A30.C31.B32.A33.C34.B35.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位无家可归的人为作者买汉堡包作为午餐的故事。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：收容所为无家可归的人提供了进来喝咖啡的地方，而且有一条规定：如果你离开收容所，你必须带上你的随身物品。A.ban禁令；B.rule规则；C.law法律；D.contract合同。根据“Ifyoulefttheshelter,youtookyour___2___withyou.”和“Iknowit’s___4___therules,”可知，离开收容所，必须带上随身物品，是收容所的规定。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：收容所为无家可归的人提供了进来喝咖啡的地方，而且有一条规定：如果你离开收容所，你必须带上你的随身物品。A.leftovers残余物；B.application申请；C.belongings所有物；D.coffee咖啡。根据“Iknowit’s___4___therules,butcanIleavemybagshereforfiveminutes?”可知，无家可归的人离开收容所，必须带上随身物品。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一位名叫玛丽的顾客趴在咖啡桌上，数着她的硬币。A.movedover挪开；B.tookover接管；C.leanedover倾身；D.knockedover撞倒。根据“countinghercoins.”可知，玛丽趴在咖啡桌数硬币。故选C。【24题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我知道这是违反规定的，但是我可以把我的包放在这里五分钟吗?我马上回来。”A.against违反；B.about关于；C.for支持；D.within在内。根据“Theshelterprovidedaplaceforthehomelesstocomeinsideandhavecoffee,andthereisa___1___:Ifyoulefttheshelter,youtookyour___2___withyou.”可知，把包放在收容所是违反规定的。故选A。【25题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：因为她是那里唯一的人，而我是唯一的负责人，我同意了，并提醒她必须回去拿她的包。A.incharge负责；B.introuble处于困境；C.inconflict有矛盾；D.innegotiation在谈判中。根据“Myreliefstaffpersoncalledinsick,leavingmealoneawholedayinthedaytimehomelessshelter.”可知，因为员工生病请假，作者是唯一的负责人。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为她是那里唯一的人，而我是唯一的负责人，我同意了，并提醒她必须回去拿她的包。A.warning警告；B.informing通知；C.convincing信服；D.reminding提醒。根据“thatshehadtoreturnforherbags.”可知，作者提醒玛丽必须回来拿走她的包。故选D。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不出几分钟，玛丽就回来了，把一个汉堡王包放在我面前的桌子上。A.set设置；放；B.distributed打扰；C.checked核对；D.spotted认出。根据“onthedeskinfrontofme.”可知，玛丽出去买了一个汉堡包放到作者的面前。故选A。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说：“你不能整天一个人待在这里，什么都没吃。”A.bored无聊的；B.alone独自一人的；C.dynamic有活力的；D.desperate绝望的。根据文章第一句“Myreliefstaffpersoncalledinsick,leavingmealoneawholedayinthedaytimehomelessshelter.”可知，作者独自一个人在收容所。故选B。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到惭愧。A.ashamed感到惭愧的；B.puzzled困惑的；C.shocked震惊的；D.annoyed恼怒的。根据“Iknewthatto___10___hergiftwoulddeeplyembarrassher.Ialsoknewthatshehadspentthe___11___ofhermoneytobuymylunch.”可知，一个无家可归的人为作者买午餐，作者感到很羞愧。故选A。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道拒绝她的礼物会让她很难堪。A.accept接受；B.unwrap打开；C.refuse拒绝；D.ignore忽略。根据“woulddeeplyembarrassher.”可知，拒绝玛丽的礼物，会让她很尴尬。故选C。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我还知道她花了她最后的钱给我买午餐。A.least最小；B.last最后的人或物；C.double双份；D.amount数量。根据“AclientnamedMary___3___thecoffeetable,countinghercoins.”可知，这是玛丽最后的钱。故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我请玛丽和我一起吃汉堡包，但她拒绝了，坚持要我需要多吃一点。A.insisting坚持；B.confirming证实；C.arguing争论；D.opposing反对。根据“IaskedMarytosharethehamburgerwithme,butsherefused,”可知，玛丽拒绝与作者分享汉堡包，坚持作者多吃一点。故选A。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我咬第一口时，她笑了。A.left离开；B.sighed叹息；C.smiled微笑；D.agreed同意。根据语境和“asItookthefirstbite.”可知，玛丽特意给作者买吃的，看到作者开始吃了，玛丽笑了。故选C。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我意识到，在接受她的礼物时，我也给了她一些东西——她对自己能慷慨地对待自己仅有的一点东西感到自豪。A.capacity能力；B.pride自豪；C.content内容；D.relaxation消遣。根据“shecouldbe___15___withwhatlittleshehad.”可知，玛丽为自己的绵薄之力感到自豪。故选B。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我意识到，在接受她的礼物时，我也给了她一些东西——她对自己能慷慨地对待自己仅有的一点东西感到自豪。A.ambitious有雄心的；B.reliable可靠的；C.responsible负责的；D.generous慷慨的。begenerouswith在……方面慷慨。根据上文玛丽用自己仅有的钱买汉堡推知，玛丽为自己的慷慨感到自豪。故选D。第二节（共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Chinahasdetailedmeasurestoboostitsclimatechangemonitoringandriskpreventioncapabilities,markingasignificantstepforwardinthecountry’sefforts___36___(enhance)itsclimateresilience(气候适应性).Thecountrywillseektobuildaclimate-resilientsociety___37___climatechangemonitoringandearlywarningcapabilitywillreachanadvancedlevelgloballyandtheclimateriskmanagementandpreventionsystemwill___38___basicmature,accordingtothenationalclimatechangeadaptationstrategy2035,jointly___39___(publish)by17departmentsincludingtheMinistryofEcologyandEnvironment.ThefirsttimeChina___40___(issue)anationalclimatechangeadaptationstrategy,Chinatookmeasurestopreventandcontrolmajorclimate-relateddisasterrisks___41___aneffectivemanner,andgreatlyimprovedthetechnicalandstandardsystemforadaptingtoclimatechange.Sincethen,positiveresults___42___(achieve)inimprovingadaptationtoclimatechangeinkeyregionsandindustries.Astheglobalclimate___43___(far)warms,thelong-termunfavorableeffectsandextremeweathereventsbroughtaboutbyclimatechangewillpose___44___increasinglyseriousthreattoChina’seconomicdevelopment.Thedocumentunderlinedmeasurestoimproveclimatechangemonitoringandforecastingservices,enhanceassessmentofclimatechangeimpactsandrisks,and____45____(strength)disasterprevention.【答案】36.toenhance37.where38.basically39.published40.issued41.in42.havebeenachieved43.further44.an45.strengthen【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国已经采取了详细的措施来提高气候变化监测和风险预防能力，这标志着中国在提高气候适应能力方面迈出了重要的一步。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国已经采取了详细措施来提高气候变化监测和风险预防能力，这标志着中国在提高气候适应能力方面迈出了重要的一步。非谓语动词担当名词effort的后置定语，用不定式。故填toenhance。【37题详解】考查定语从句。句意：根据生态环境部等17个部门联合印发的《国家气候变化适应战略2035》，要努力建设气候变化抗灾社会，在这个社会中，气候变化监测预警能力达到全球先进水平，气候风险管理和预防体系基本成熟。句中先行词为society，在定语从句中担当地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。【38题详解】考查副词。句意：根据生态环境部等17个部门联合印发的《国家气候变化适应战略2035》，要努力建设气候变化抗灾社会，在这个社会中，气候变化监测预警能力达到全球先进水平，气候风险管理和预防体系基本成熟。修饰形容词mature，用副词形式。故填basically。【39题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据生态环境部等17个部门联合印发的《国家气候变化适应战略2035》，要努力建设气候变化抗灾社会，在这个社会中，气候变化监测预警能力达到全球先进水平，气候风险管理和预防体系基本成熟。修饰词thenationalclimatechangeadaptationstrate