2022年陕西省渭南市韩城市高二下学期期末质量检测英语试题

韩城市2021~2022学年度第二学期期末质量检测高二英语试题第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列四篇短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AJohannesGutenbergJohannesGutenberg,bornaroundtheyear1400inGermany,iswidelyregardedastheinventorofthemodernprintingpress.Beforeabout1450,mostbookswerewrittenorcopiedbyhand.Thismadethemextremelytime-consumingtoproduceandexpensivetobuy.Butin1455Gutenbergdevelopedamachinewhichcouldprintmultiplecopiesofthesamebook.Gutenbergdidnotachievefinancialsuccessasaresultofhisbreakthrough,buthisinventionhelpedtospreadknowledgeacrossEuropeandwasamajorfactorintheRenaissance.LouisBrailleBorninFrancein1809,LouisBraillebecameblindattheageofthreeafteranaccidentinhisfather’sworkshop.Whenhewasten,heearnedaplaceataspecialschoolforblindchildreninParis.In1821,CharlesBarbiera,aformersoldier,visitedtheschoolandtalkedaboutacodethathe’dinventedwhichallowedsoldierstoshareinformationonthebattlefieldwithoutspeaking.Impressedbythisidea,Louisworkedonhisowncodetohelptheblindread.ThecodethatLouisinventedhasbecomestandardthroughouttheworld.SamuelMorseSamuelMorse,bornin1791inMassachusetts,USA,startedhiscareernotasaninventorbutasanartist.Hehadgreatartistictalentandsoonbecamewell-knownforhisportraits,buthealsohadapassionfornewtechnology.In1832,whiletravellinghomebyseafromEurope,heoverheardaconversationaboutelectromagnetism,andthisgavehimtheideaforanewformofcommunication-theelectrictelegraph.Althoughotherinventorshaddevelopedsimilarmachine,Morse’sworkedbetterandheappliedforandgotthepatentin1837.AlexanderGrahamBellAlexanderGrahamBell,apioneerinthefieldoftelecommunications,wasbornin1847inEdinburgh,Scotland.Perhapsbecauseofhismother’shearingproblems,Bellhadaparticularinterestintheeducationofdeafpeople.Thisledhimtoinventthemicrophone.Bellwasnottheonlyinventorworkinginthisfield,buthislawyermanagedtosecuretheall-importantpatentwhichgaveBellownershipoftheidea.1.Accordingtothepassage,whatdothefourpeoplehaveincommon?A.Allofthemhadseveralfailuresbeforetheirsuccess.B.Allofthemhadamiserablelifeatthebeginning.C.Allofthemarepioneersintheirownareas.D.Allofthemmadeabigfortuneinlife.2.________hadanothercareerbeforestartingtoinvent.A.JohannesGutenberg B.SamuelMorseC.LouisBraille D.AlexanderGrahamBell3.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.LouisBraillewasinspiredbyamilitaryinvention.B.JohannesGutenberghadadifficulttimeduringhiseducation.C.SamuelMorsehelpedtoeducatepeopleinmanycountries.D.AlexanderGrahamBellsufferedaterribleinjuryatayoungage.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了世界上四个伟大的发明家。【1题详解】根据第一个发明家“Gutenbergdidnotachievefinancialsuccessasaresultofhisbreakthrough,buthisinventionhelpedtospreadknowledgeacrossEuropeandwasamajorfactorintheRenaissance.(古腾堡的突破并没有带来经济上的成功，但他的发明有助于在欧洲传播知识，是文艺复兴的一个主要因素)”、第二个发明家“ThecodethatLouisinventedhasbecomestandardthroughouttheworld(路易斯发明的代码已经成为全世界的标准)”、第三个发明家“Althoughotherinventorshaddevelopedsimilarmachine,Morse’sworkedbetterandheappliedforandgotthepatentin1837(虽然其他发明家也开发了类似的机器，但莫尔斯的工作得更好，他在1837年申请并获得了专利)”以及最后一个发明家“Bellwasnottheonlyinventorworkinginthisfield,buthislawyermanagedtosecuretheall-importantpatentwhichgaveBellownershipoftheidea(贝尔不是这个领域唯一的发明家，但他的律师设法获得了至关重要的专利，让贝尔拥有了这个想法)”可知，四位发明家在各自的领域都是先驱者。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据SamuelMorse部分中“SamuelMorse,bornin1791inMassachusetts,USA,startedhiscareernotasaninventorbutasanartist(塞缪尔·莫尔斯，1791年出生于美国马萨诸塞州，他的职业生涯不是作为一个发明家，而是作为一个艺术家)”可知，SamuelMorse之前是一位艺术家，即SamuelMorse在开始发明前有另一个事业。故选B。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据LouisBraille部分中“In1821,CharlesBarbiera,aformersoldier,visitedtheschoolandtalkedaboutacodethathe’dinventedwhichallowedsoldierstoshareinformationonthebattlefieldwithoutspeaking.Impressedbythisidea,Louisworkedonhisowncodetohelptheblindread.(1821年，退伍军人CharlesBarbiera参观了这所学校，并谈到了他发明的一种密码，这种密码可以让士兵在战场上不用说话就能分享信息。这个想法给路易斯留下了深刻的印象，他编写了自己的代码来帮助盲人阅读)”可知，Braiile的发明灵感来自于一项军事发明。故选A。BSix“sacrificialpits(祭祀坑)”,datingback3,200to4,000yeas,werenewlydiscoveredinSanxingduiRuinssiteinGuanghan.Over500artifacts,includinggoldmasks,bronzewares,ivories,jadesandtextileswereunearthedfromthesite.SanxingduisiteislocatedinSanxingduiTown,GuanghanCity,SichuanProvince,onthesouthbankofQianjiangRiver(YangtzeRiver),atributaryofTuojiangRiverinthenorthofChengduPlain.Thesitecoversanareaofabout12squarekilometers,andthecoreareaistheancientcityofSanxingdui,withanareaofabout3.6squarekilometers.Itisthelargestandhighest-gradecentralsitefoundinSichuanBasinduringtheXiaandShangperiod.Sanxingduisite,firstfoundin1929,isgenerallyconsideredasoneofthemostimportantarchaeologicalsitesalongtheupperreachesoftheYangtzeRiver.However,theworkofexcavationonthesiteonlybeganin1986,whentwopits-widelybelievedforsacrificialceremonies-wereaccidentallydiscovered.InvestigationintheareaaroundNo.1and2pitswasrelaunchedinOctober2019,andNo.3pitwasfoundinDecember2019,accordingtoLeiYu,aresearcherofSichuanProvincialCulturalRelicsandArchaeologyResearchInstitutewhoheadstheongoingexcavation.Thirtyfourresearchuniversitiesandresearchinstituteshavecooperatedinthisproject.Hesaidthenewdiscoverieswillhelptobetterunderstandmanyunexplainedfindingsin1986.MoreexcavationfollowedinMarch2020,andfivemorepitswerefoundlastyear.AnddetailedresearchbeganinOctober.Excavationcapsuleswithhi-techequipmentweresetupinthepitsinordertopreventthesitefromfurtherdamage.AccordingtotheNationalCulturalHeritageAdministration,studiesofSanxingduisitewillbecomeacrucialprojectinanongoingprogramArchaeologyChina,whichtriestoexplaintheoriginsofChinesecivilizationandhowdiverseculturescommunicateandcometogether.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“excavation”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Check. B.Dig. C.Exploitation. D.Extension.5.HowdidarchaeologistsprotecttheSanxingduisite?A.Bydividingthetaskofexcavationintoseveralparts.B.Bycooperatingwithresearchuniversitiesandinstitutes.C.ByconductingmoreexperimentsaroundthesiteD.Byusingexcavationcapsulearmedwithhi-techequipment.6.Whatcanweinferaboutthepitsfromthetext?A.Thesizeofthecorezoneisabout1/3ofSanxingduisite.B.ThediscoveryofSanxingduisiteonlybeganin2019C.Thereare6sacrificialpitsdiscoveredinSanxingduisiteinall.D.Allsacrificialsiteswerediscoveredinthemeantime.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SanxingduiDiscoveriesRevealAncientChinaB.SanxingduiSiteNeededProtectingC.SacrificialPitsWereUnearthedinSanxingduiSiteD.Hi-techHelpedtoExploreSanxingduiSite【答案】4.B5.D6.A7.C【解析】【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章按照时间顺序着重介绍了三星堆遗址中祭祀坑的发现、发掘工作及意义。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据该词所在句子“However,theworkofexcavationonthesiteonlybeganin1986,whentwopits—widelybelievedforsacrificialceremonies—wereaccidentallydiscovered.(当两个祭祀坑被意外发现，三星堆大规模的excavation1986年才真正开始)”可推测，该划线词的意思是“挖掘、发掘”，即三星堆最大规模的发掘工作1986年才开始。故画线词意思是“挖掘；发掘”。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句话“Excavationcapsuleswithhi-techequipmentweresetupinthepitsinordertopreventthesitefromfurtherdestruction.(为了防止遗址进一步被破坏，在坑内设置了装有高科技设备的挖掘舱)”可知为了更好地保存该址，考古学家采用配备高科技设备的挖掘舱保护三星堆遗址。故选D。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Sanxingduisitecoversanareaof12squarekilometers,anditscorezoneofanancientcitycovers3.6squarekilometers.(三星堆遗址占地面积12平方公里，其古城核心区占地3.6平方公里)”可知，核心区面积约为三星堆遗址的1/3。故选A。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Six“sacrificialpits(祭祀坑)”,datingback3,200to4,000yeas,werenewlydiscoveredinSanxingduiRuinssiteinGuanghan.Over500artifacts,includinggoldmasks,bronzewares,ivories,jadesandtextileswereunearthedfromthesite.(在中国西南部四川省广汉市三星堆遗址新发现了6个距今3200至4000年的“祭祀坑”。该遗址出土了500多件文物，包括金面具、青铜器、象牙、玉器和纺织品)”以及全文按照时间顺序着重介绍了三星堆遗址中祭祀坑的发现、发掘工作可知，C项“三星堆遗址出土了祭祀坑”可以概括文章，作为本文标题。故选C。CMostpeopleknownottotouchajellyfish(水母)butsomejelliescanstingpeoplewithouttouchingthem—byconnectingtinybitsfromtheirbodythatfloatoffintotheseaandmovearoundindependently.Upside-downjellyfishthrowsmallballsofstingingcellsinanetworkofstickymucus(黏液),tokillpreysuchasshrimp.“Itisasifwecouldspitoutourteethandtheykilledthingforussomehow,”saysCherylAmesatTohokuuniversityinJapan.“It’sarealrevolutionarynovelty.”Upside-downjellyfish,severalspeciesofthegenusCassiopea,liveinwarmcoastalwatersoffFlorida,Australia,theRedSeaandsoutherlypartsoftheMediterranean.Theirstingsaren’tgenerallyseenasdangerous,buttherehavebeenoccasionalreportsof“stingingwater”aroundthem.“It’sreallyirritating.You’reconstantlybeingstungonanysurfacethat’sexposed,”saysAmes.NowAmes’sgrouphasfoundthatthishappensbecausethecreaturesshedhollowballsofstingingcellsuptohalfamillimeterwide.Namedcassiosomes,theycarryhairsthatcanmakethemfloataroundincirclestoboosttheirchancesofhittingprey.“Itwasareallyamazingmomentwhenwealltookturnsinlookingthroughthemicroscopeandsawthereweretiny,littlethingsmovingaboutinthemucus,”saysAmes.Thejelliesreleasedcassiosomesandmucuswhenbrineshrimp,theirnaturalprey,wereputintheirtank.Thecassiosomescouldkilltheshrimpwithinaminute.Inthewild,thedeadshrimparethensuckedintothejellies’bodybytheirpulsatingmotions.Andthesejelliestendtofloatatthebottomoflakes,andextendtheirnetworksofmucustofloatabovethem.“Themucusmaynotbeeasilyvisibletoswimmers,”saysAmes.Theuniquefeedingmechanismisn’tthejelliesmainsourceofnutrients.Theyalsohavealgaeinsidethem,whichphotosynthesize.Andthereasonwhythejelliesfloatupsidedownistoexposetheseplantcellstothesun.Thecassiosomesalsocontainalgae,whichmightprovidetheenergyforthemtofloataround-theycouldsurviveoutsidethejelliesforupto10daysinthelab.8.WhatdoesCherylAmesthinkofthejellyfish’swaytocatchfood?A.Fresh. B.Mysterious C.Terrible. D.Unacceptable.9.Whatcanwelearnaboutcassiosomes?A.Theycaneasilybenoticedbytheswimmers.B.Theycansendtheshrimptothejelliesthemselves.C.Theyarespreadinthemucusreleasedbythejellyfish.D.Theyusetheirhairtoattracttheshrimp.10.Whydothejelliesfloatupsidedown?A.Toprotectthemselvesfromthesun.B.Tohidethemselvesfromtheenemy.C.Totransportalgaetothecassiosones.D.Togetmoreenergyprovidedbyalgaeinside.11Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanwereadthispassage?A.Travelabroad. B.Underthesea. C.Business. D.Religion.【答案】8.A9.C10.D11.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了水母能通过周围的水来蜇伤人们以及解释了其原因。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段““Itisasifwecouldspitoutourteethandtheykilledthingforussomenow,”saysCherylagesatTohokuuniversityinJapan.“it’ssarealrevolutionarynovelty.”(日本Tohoku大学的CherylAmes说：“就好像我们可以吐出牙齿，它们现在为我们杀死一些东西。”“这是一个真正的革命性的新奇事物。”)可知，CherylAmes认为水母捕食的方式是很新奇的。故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Namedcassiosomes,theycarryhairsthatcanmakethemfloataroundincirclestoboosttheirchancesofhittingprey.“Itwasareallyamazingmomentwhenwealltookturnsinlookingthroughthemicroscopeandsawthereweretiny,littlethingsmovingaboutinthemucus,”saysAmes.Thejelliesreleasedcassiosomesandmucuswhenbrineshrimp,theirnaturalprey,wereputintheirtank.(它们叫做cassiosomes，它们携带着毛发，这些毛发可以使它们在空中盘旋，以增加它们击中猎物的机会。“当我们轮流通过显微镜观察时，看到粘液中有微小的东西在移动，这真是一个令人惊奇的时刻,”Ames说。当把它们的天然猎物卤虾放进它们的水箱时，水母释放出cassiosomes和黏液)”可知，cassiosomes散布在水母释放的粘液中。故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Theuniquefeedingmechanismisn’tthejelliesmainsourceofnutrients,Theyalsohavealgaeinsidethem,whichphotosynthesize(进行光合作用).Andthereasonwhythejelliesfloatupsidedownistoexposetheseplantcellstothesun.(独特的进食机制并不是水母的主要营养来源，它们体内还有藻类，可以进行光合作用。这些水母之所以能上下颠倒，是因为它们能将这些植物细胞暴露在阳光下)”可知，水母之所以上下颠倒，是因为水母体内还有藻类，这样就能使藻类暴露在阳光下，从而进行光合作用，获得一些能量。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Mostpeopleknownottotouchajellyfishbutsomejelliescanstingpeoplewithouttouchingthem-byconnectingtinybitsfromtheirbodythatfloatoffintotheseaandmovearoundindependently.(大多数人都知道不要碰水母，但有些水母可以在不碰人的情况下蜇人——通过连接身体上漂浮到海里并独立移动的微小部分)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了水母如何在水中蛰伤人的。由此推知，本文可能出现在海中生物这一板块。故选B。DOnceuponatime,sciencefictionwasjustastyleamongotherstyles.Therewerecrimestories,therewerehorrorstories,therewasliteraryfiction,andtherewassciencefiction.Buttodaysciencethemesdominatetheseotherstyles.It’sdifficulttothinkofmuchmoderncrime,horroror“serious”fictionthatdoesn’tinvolvescience.Andit’snotjustbooks.Witheverysecondmovieandcomputergamehavingasci-fielement,sciencefictionseemstohavecontrolledourentireentertainmentculture.It’sclearthatifwewanttodefinesciencefiction,weshouldrelateittotherolethatscienceplaysinourlives.Althoughsomeexpertshaveclaimedtobeabletotracesci-fibacktoancienttimes,itismorereasonabletofinditininitialforminthe19thcenturywhenindustrialsocietiesarose.Oneofthefeaturesthatsetindustrialsocietiesapartfromotherkindswastheincreasingpartthatscienceplayedineverydaylife.Factorieswithvastmachinesturnedouthugequantitiesofgoods,whichweretransportedbytrains,motorvehiclesandshipsallovertheworld.Citieswerebuiltonthebackoftechnology,withelectricityinhomesandhospitalshelpingeveryonetoleadhealthier,moreconvenientlives.Allofthesechangeshadgreateffectsnotonlyonpeople’sreallives,butontheirimaginativeones.Writersbegantodescribethesechangingphysicalandmentallandscapes,eventuallygivingsciencefictionalargeanddevotedfanbaseofespeciallyyoungreaders,whofoundthatitspoketotheircuriosityaboutthefuturethatsciencewouldcreate.Butsci-fictionreflectedfearsaboutscienceratherthanhopes.ThesetypicalearlysciencefictionnovelsmightbeaUKnovellikeH.G.Wells’TheWaroftheWorld’s(1897).Withgreatskill,WellsplayeduponthefearsoftechnologybyimaginingEarthunderthreatbyacivilization—thatofmenfromMars.Thesciencefictionoftodayexpressestheimpactofthecomputingrevolution,roboticsandourenvironmentalchallenges,whileitislessconcernedwith“littlegreenmenfromMar”andotherthemesofpastsci-fiction.Giventhatscience,technologyandpolitiesarealwaysintertwined,contemporarysciencefictionoftenhasagreatdealtosayaboutpower.Manyrecentnovels—likeAmericanCoryDoctorow’sLittleBrother(2008)—areconcernedwithgovernmentandsecurityservice“conspiracies(阴谋)”againstthepeople,particularlyastherevelationsofwhistleblowerslikeEdwardSnowdensinkin.Thiscangivesci-fiwritinga“skeptical(怀疑的)”feel.Thisunderlinesoneofthefeaturesthatremainsconstantbetweenthebeginningsoftheempireofsciencefictionanditsstatetoday.Asthen,sonow:Wewanttoreadabouthowfearfulthefuturewillbe,nothowitwillbeaparadise.12.Whatcanweknowaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Sciencefictionusedtotaketheleadershipinliterature.B.Horrorstoriesandliteraryfictionhaveinitiatedsciencefiction.C.Modernfictionreflectstheinfluenceofsciencefiction.D.Sciencefictionisthedominantliteraturestyleatthepresenttime.13.Whatcausedsciencefictiontoappearinthe19thcentury?A.Thecuriosityofyoungreadersaboutthefuture.B.Thechangesthattheindustrialrevolutionbroughtabout.C.People’sstretchedimaginationaffectedbytheirreallife.D.People’sfearsaboutscienceratherthanhopes.14.Accordingtothepassage,whatdoweknowabouttheearlysciencefiction?A.Itarousedpeople’scuriosityofscienceaboutdailylife.B.Itintensifiedpeople’sworriesaboutthesocialproblems.C.Itpromotedpeople’sunderstandingofthetruevalueofscience.D.Itconveyedanatmosphereofimaginaryanxietiestopeople.15.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Theimpactofsciencefiction. B.Thedevelopmentofsciencefiction.C.Thecontentofsciencefiction. D.Thecharacteristicofsciencefiction.【答案】12.C13.B14.D15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科幻小说对其他文体的影响，并介绍其起源和现代科幻小说与以前的不同。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Buttodaysciencethemesdominatetheseotherstyles.It'sdifficulttothinkofmuchmoderncrime,horroror“serious”fictionthatdoesn'tinvolvescience.(但今天，科学主题主导了其他风格。很难想象有多少现代犯罪、恐怖或“严肃”小说不涉及科学)”可知，现代小说受到了科幻小说的影响。故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Althoughsomeexpertshaveclaimedtobeabletotracesci-fibacktoancienttimes,itismorereasonabletofinditininitialforminthe19thcentury,whenindustrialsocietiesarose.(尽管一些专家声称科幻小说可以追溯到古代，但更合理的说法是科幻小说最早出现在19世纪，那时工业社会刚刚兴起)”和“Allofthesechangeshadgreateffectsnotonlyonpeople'sreallives,butontheirimaginativeones.(所有这些变化不仅对人们的现实生活产生了巨大影响，而且对他们想象中的生活也产生了巨大影响。)”可知，工业革命带来的变化导致科幻小说出现在19世纪。故选B。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Butsci-fictionreflectedfearsaboutsciencemorethanitdidhopes.ThesetypicalearlysciencefictionnovelsmightbeaUKnovellikeH.G.Wells'TheWaroftheworlds（1897）.Withgreatskill,WellsplayeduponthefearsoftechnologybyimaginingEarthunderthreatbyacivilization-thatofmenfromMars.(但科幻小说反映的更多的是对科学的恐惧，而不是希望。这些典型的早期科幻小说可能是一部英国小说，如H.G.Wells的《世界大战》(1897)。Wells以高超的技巧，通过想象地球受到来自火星的人类文明的威胁，演绎了人们对科技的恐惧)”可知，早期的科幻小说向人们传达了一种想象中的担心和恐惧气氛。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Althoughsomeexpertshaveclaimedtobeabletotracesci-fibacktoancienttimes,itismorereasonabletofinditininitialforminthe19thcenturywhenindustrialsocietiesarose.Oneofthefeaturesthatsetindustrialsocietiesapartfromotherkindswastheincreasingpartthatscienceplayedineverydaylife.（虽然一些专家声称科幻小说可以追溯到远古时代，但更合理的是，它的最初形式是在19世纪工业社会出现的时候。工业社会区别于其他社会的特点之一是科学在日常生活中发挥的作用越来越大）”以及文章第六段“Thesciencefictionoftodayexpressestheimpactofthecomputingrevolution,roboticsandourenvironmentalchallenges,whileitislessconcernedwith“littlegreenmenfromMar”andotherthemesofpastsci-fiction.(今天的科幻小说表达了计算机革命、机器人和我们面临的环境挑战的影响，而对“来自火星的小绿人”和过去科幻小说的其他主题关注较少)”可知文章介绍了科幻小说对其他文体的影响，并介绍了其起源以及现代科幻小说与以前的不同，因此主要讲的是科幻小说的发展。故选B。第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Animmigrantisapersonwhohascometolivepermanentlyinaforeigncountry.____16____.Immigrantsmovetoothercountriesfordifferentreasons.Somepeoplemovebecauseofwar,politicaloreconomicproblems,ornaturaldisasterssuchasearthquakesandfloods.____17____,whileothersarelookingforbetterlivingconditions.Whereareimmigrantsmovingfrom?____18____?OneofthelargestimmigrationflowsisfromLatinAmericaandAsiatotheUnitedStates.AnotherimmigrantflowisfromEasternEurope,theformerSovietRepublicsandNorthAfricatoWesternEurope.ManyimmigrantsalsomovefromAfricaandAsiatotheMiddleEast.IncountriessuchasSaudiArabia,90%ofthetotalpopulationisnowforeignborn.____19____,theyoftenliveinurbanneighborhoods.Asaresultofimmigration,manycityneighborhoodschange.Immigrantsopennewstores,restaurantsandotherbusinesses.Forexample,thehistoricEsquilinoneighborhoodinRomeisnowthehomeofalargenumberofChineseimmigrants.TherearealsomanynewimmigrantsfromAlbanian,Moldova,BulgariaandUkraine.InsomeschoolsinAthens,50%ofthechildrenareforeignborn.____20____.InLosAngeles,37%ofthepopulationisforeignborn,andchildreninthepublicschoolsspeak82differentlanguages.InNewYork,40%ofthepopulationisforeign,andchildrenspeak140differentlanguagesintheschools.A.AndwhatcountriesaretheymovingtoB.WhenimmigrantsarriveinanewcountryC.ImmigrantshavecontributedtoBritishcultureinmanywaysD.SomeimmigrantsarereunitedwiththeirfamiliesorgetmarriedE.Morethan145millionimmigrantsliveoutsidetheirnativecountriesF.Moreover,LosAngeleshasatrackrecordofsuccessfullyacceptingimmigrantsG.LosAngelesandNewYorkaretwocitiesintheUSwithverylargeimmigrantpopulations【答案】16.E17.D18.A19.B20.G【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍了世界各地的移民趋向。【16题详解】上文“Animmigrantisapersonwhohascometolivepermanentlyinaforeigncountry.”(移民是指在外国永久居住的人。)介绍了移民是什么，E项“超过1.45亿移民生活在他们的祖国之外。”是前文移民的补充说明。故选E项。【17题详解】下文“whileothersarelookingforbetterlivingconditions.”(而其他人则在寻找更好的生活条件。)中的while可知，空处和下文是对比关系，D项“一些移民与家人团聚或结婚。”符合，其中some与后文whileother对应，解释移民的两种归宿。故选D项。【18题详解】下文“OneofthelargestimmigrationflowsisfromLatinAmericaandAsiatotheUnitedStates.”(最大的移民流之一是从拉丁美洲和亚洲流向美国。)说明移民们的移居方向，A项“他们要移居到哪些国家？”提问移民的移居方向，符合题意。故选A项。19题详解】下文“Asaresultofimmigration,manycityneighborhoodschange.”(由于移民的影响，许多城市的街区都发生了变化。)说明移民影响了城市街区，B项“当移民来到一个新的国家。”解释后文，由于移民来到新国家通常住在城市，导致许多城市的街区都发生了变化。故选B项。【20题详解】下文“InLosAngeles,37%ofthepopulationisforeignborn,andchildreninthepublicschoolsspeak82differentlanguages.InNewYork,40%ofthepopulationisforeign,andchildrenspeak140differentlanguagesintheschools.”(在洛杉矶，37%的人口是在外国出生的，公立学校的孩子说82种不同的语言。在纽约，40%的人口是外国人，孩子们在学校里说140种不同的语言。)说明移民为洛杉矶和纽约带来的变化，G项“洛杉矶和纽约是美国两个移民人口非常多的城市。”总述洛杉矶和纽约的移民人口非常多，符合题意。故选G项。第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Howardwalkedacrossthevastdesertplanningtowalkthroughitforonemonth.Twenty____21____passed,thejourneyhadbeenso____22____anditseemedthathehadenoughfoodandwatertofinishit.“I’llbeabletowalkoutofthis____23____”hethoughtgladly.Butthedesert____24____caredfortravelers.____25____thisideacoulddisappear,thesandstormhadarrivedsuddenly.Hehurriedly____26____hisheadwiththeclothes,lyingonthesand.Afterabouttenminutes,thesandstormstopped.Whenheshooktheclothesandstoodup,hefoundahorriblething:thebackbag____27____withfoodandwaterwassweptawaybythe____28____.Now,heonlyhada(n)____29____left.Hehelditinhishandstightly.“Oh,nottoobad,_____30_____Ihaveapear,”hethought_____31_____himself,determinedtowalkoutofthedesert.Onedayandonenightpassedquickly,butthedesertstillseemedtohavenoend.Hunger,thirstand_____32_____ofdeathfollowedHowardclosely._____33_____,eachtimehewantedto_____34_____,heforcedhimselftostareatthepearthathehadbeen_____35_____:“Nottoobad,atleastIhaveapear.”Asmallpearbecamethe_____36_____forhissurvivalandthesourceofhiscourage.Threedayslater,whenhe_____37_____avillagenotfaraway,hefellontotheground.Butafterall,hewalkedoutofthedesertand_____38_____aswell.Tokeephopeisoneofthebestwaystoachieve_____39_____,sonevertellyou“_____40_____left”.Aslongasyoutrytosearch,youcanalwaysfindthat“pear”topullyouthrough.21.A.years B.months C.weeks D.days22.A.smooth B.hopeless C.impossible D.terrible23.A.forest B.desert C.garden D.village24.A.once B.ever C.never D.always25.A.Before B.After C.When D.Since26.A.sewed B.covered C.matched D.cleaned27.A.tied B.put C.pulled D.equipped28.A.rain B.fog C.sandstorm D.snowstorm29.A.apple B.pear C.orange D.banana30.A.atmost B.atleast C.ontime D.onpurpose31.A.to B.on C.of D.about32.A.shock B.joy C.fear D.excitement33.A.Altogether B.Besides C.Therefore D.However34.A.standup B.lookup C.giveup D.putup35.A.eating B.cooking C.watching D.keeping36.A.sadness B.injury C.hope D.interest37.A.spotted B.desired C.settled D.occupied38.A.died B.survived C.breathed D.coughed39.A.success B.failure C.agreement D.experience40.A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing【答案】21.D22.A23.B24.C25.A26.B27.D28.C29.B30.B31.A32.C33.D34.C35.D36.C37.A38.B39.A40.D【解析】【分析】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了Howard在沙漠中遭遇沙尘暴，当失去他的食物和水后，将唯一剩下的一只梨视作希望，最后成功走出沙漠存活下来的故事。故事告诉我们，只要一直保持希望，就有可能获得成功。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：二十天过去了，旅程是如此顺利，他似乎有足够的食物和水完成它。A.years年；B.months月；C.weeks周；D.days天。根据“planningtowalkthroughitforonemonth”可知，计划一个月完成旅行，此处已经过了20天。故选D项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.smooth顺利的；B.hopeless无望的；C.impossible不可能的；D.terrible可怕的。根据“anditseemedthathehadenoughfoodandwatertofinishit.”可知，20天内，旅行很顺利。故选A项。23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我可以走出这片沙漠了，”他高兴地想。A.forest森林；B.desert沙漠；C.garden花园；D.village村庄。根据第一句“thevastdesert”可知，Howard认为自己可以走出这片沙漠。故选B项。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但沙漠从不照顾旅行者。A.once一次；B.ever曾经；C.never从不；D.always总是。根据“But”及“thesandstormhadarrivedsuddenly”可知，沙漠从不照顾旅行者，沙尘暴来了。故选C项。【25题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：这个想法还没消失，沙尘暴就突然来了。A.Before在……之前；B.After在……之后；C.When当……时；D.Since自从。根据“____5____thisideacoulddisappear,thesandstormhadarrivedsuddenly.”可知，沙尘暴在Howard想法消失之前到来。故选A项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他急忙用衣服蒙住头，躺在沙子上。A.sewed缝补；B.covered覆盖；C.matched匹配；D.cleaned清理。根据语境可知，沙尘暴来了，并结合“withtheclothes”可知，Howard用衣服覆盖住头。故选B项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他抖着衣服站起来时，他发现了一件可怕的事情：装着食物和水的背包被沙尘暴卷走了。A.tied绑；B.put放；C.pulled拉；D.equipped装备。根据“thebackbag”以及“withfoodandwater”及前文“ahorriblething”可知，沙尘暴过后，Howard发现装有食物和水的背包不见了。故选D项。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.rain雨；B.fog雾；C.sandstorm沙尘暴；D.snowstorm暴风雪。根据“thesandstormhadarrivedsuddenly”可知，背包被沙尘暴卷走了。故选C项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，他只剩下一只梨了。A.apple苹果；B.pear梨；C.orange橙子；D.banana香蕉。根据下文“Ihaveapear”可知，Howard只剩下了一只梨。故选B项。【30题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：“哦，还不错，至少我还有一只梨。”他心想，决定走出沙漠。A.atmost至多；B.atleast至少；C.ontime按时；D.onpurpose故意地。根据“Oh,nottoobad”可知，Howard安慰自己说，不算太坏，至少还有一只梨。故选B项。【31题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意同上。A.to对着；B.on在……上；C.of属于……的；D.about关于。thinktooneself为固定短语，意思为：心里想，前一句“Oh,nottoobad,___10____Ihaveapear”为内心的想法。故选A项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天一夜很快过去了，但沙漠似乎还是没有尽头，饥饿、干渴和死亡的恐惧紧紧地跟着霍华德。A.shock震惊；B.joy欢乐；C.fear恐惧；D.excitement兴奋。根据“hunger,thirst”及“ofdeath”可知，Howard被死亡的恐惧笼罩着。故选C项。【33题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：可是，每当他想放弃的时候，他都强迫自己盯着他一直留着的梨：“还不错，至少我还有一个梨。”A.Altogether总之；B.Besides此外；C.Therefore因此；D.However然而。空处上文描述Howard遭遇的困境，空后“Nottoobad,atleastIhaveapear.”可以看出，Howard仍然在坚持不放弃找到出路，前后为转折关系。故选D项。【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A.standup站起来；B.lookup仰望，查阅；C.giveup放弃；D.putup举起。根据“heforcedhimselftostareatthepear”可知，Howard在沙漠中一次次想要放弃。故选C项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.eating吃；B.cooking烹饪；C.watching观看；D