2023-2024学年广东省广州市荔湾区第四中学高一下学期综合能力检测期末英语试卷

2023—2024学年广东省广州市荔湾区第四中学高一下学期综合能力检测期末英语试卷

一、阅读理解(★★)Areyoulookingforwardtogettingsomefreshairsurroundedbynature?Theoutdoorexpertshaveputtogetherwalkers’fourfavouritespringhikesacrosstheUKforyoutotry.PennineWay,MidlandsThis268-miletrailisoneoftheUK’smostchallengingwalks.Formostoftheyear,theregionexperiencesstrongwindsandfrequentrainfall,sothebesttimetovisitthePennineWayisduringthespringandsummerseasons.Thiswalkisnotonetogoonwithallthefamily.Anditisadvisabletoplanandresearchyourrouteinadvanceandletsomeoneknowwhereyou’regoing.WestHighlandWay,ScottishHighlandsThis96-miletrailisScotland’smostfamouslong-distancewalk.Thelevelofdifficultyforthiswalkisfrommoderate(中等的)todifficultasafewofitssectionscanprovetobequitechallenging.Duringthetrip,youcancomeacrosssomelocalanimals,includinggoats,reddeeragainstthebackdropoftheHighlands,andsometimesgoldeneagles.Hadrian’sWallPath,NorthernEnglandThis84-miletrailfollowstheancientRomanwallthatoncemarkedthenorthernfrontier(边界)oftheRomanEmpire.ItoffersbreathtakingviewsoftheNorthumberlandcountrysideandincludesmanyancientlandmarks,suchasRomanforts(堡垒).Thebeautyofthiswalkisthatthereareseveralroutestochoosefromthatvaryindistanceanddifficulty.LizardCoastalWalk,CornwallThetrailintroducesyoutothesoutherncoastofCornwall.YourhikewillbeginfromthevillageoftheLizardPeninsula.ComparedtootherhikingtrailsintheUK,thistrailisnotthatdifficult.Everyinchofthetrailisworthhikingacross.Thereareplentyofcafesandtoiletstopsthroughoutthetrail’scourse.So,youcanalwaysdecidetotakeabreakandhavesomefoodonthehike.1.WhatimportantfactorshouldoneconsiderbeforehikingthePennineWay?

A．Itsweatherconditions.B．Itsprotectedlandmarks.C．Itsfamily-friendlyactivities.D．Itscostsduringthehighseason.2.Whichpathismostattractivetohikersfondofthehistoriclandscape?

A．PennineWay.B．WestHighlandWay.C．Hadrian’sWallPath.D．LizardCoastalWalk.3.WhatisafeatureofLizardCoastalWalk?

A．Itoffersroutesofvariousdifficultylevels.B．Ithasconvenientwildlifeviewingspots.C．Itispopularforseasonalhikingraces.D．Itenablesbasicservicesontheway.(★★★)RaisedinBengaluru,MeeraIyerhasspentoveradecadeofherlifediscoveringandrestoringthecity’sunexploredheritagebuildings.ThekeymomentcamewhenshepaidavisittoDevanahalliFort.“Itwasshockingthatmanyresidentsofthecitywereunawareofthepresenceofheritagebuildings,”Meerasays.“ThatrealizationbecamethecatalystformetojoinINTACH(IndianNationalTrustforArtandCulturalHeritage).”Speakingonthetopicofwhattrulymakesuphistoryintheeyesofpeople,Meeracomments,“Therearethousandsofmonuments(历史遗迹)inthecountryprotectedbyASI(ArchaeologicalSurveyofIndia).However,therearesmalltemples,buildings,schools,andhomesthatalsoholdhistoricalsignificance.Thechallengeliesinprotectingthem.Iunderstandthatit’snotpracticaltoprotecteveryfragment(碎片)ofthepast,buttheremustbeawaytodocumentandraiseawarenessaboutthesesites,sothatmoreofourhistorycanbemaintained.”Todealwiththechallenge,INTACHhostsheritagewalks.Thewalksmainlyfocusonthelocalcommunityandaretargetedatthecitizensofthecity.“Whilewedowelcometouristsandtravellers,ouremphasisisonengagingthelocalpopulation,”saysMeera.Thegrouphasorganizedhundredsofheritagewalksinthelocallanguagetoreachthegoal.Theorganizationalsoworksontheprotectionofhistoricalbuildings.Inthepastyears,ithasrestoredseveralbuildingsinandaroundBengaluru.Talkingaboutthefuture,Meerasays,“Wefaceanumberofissues,withfundingbeingthemajorproblem.However,myendgoalistofindmyselfwithoutajob.Insuchadesirablestate,heritageisfullyprotected,andthecommunityasawholeisdeeplyinvolvedinitsprotection.Whiletherealizationofthisgoalmaybeuncertainandnotimmediate,itremainsasignificantcareer.”4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“catalyst”inParagraphIprobablymean?

A．Tool.B．Reason.C．Purpose.D．Disadvantage.5.WhataspectofculturalprotectiondoesMeeracallfor?

A．Educationaboutnationalheroes.B．Restorationoftypicalmonuments.C．Attentiontovariedtypesofheritage.D．Managementofhistoricaldocuments.6.WhatdoesINTACHtrytoachievethroughheritagewalks?

A．Tofamiliarizepeoplewithlocalheritage.B．Toexplorenewusesofthecityheritage.C．Toraisemoneyforbuildingrestoration.D．Toattractcitizenstolocaltourism.7.HowdoesMeeraIyerviewherheritageprotectionwork?

A．Tiringandcostly.B．Inspiringbutdangerous.C．Interestingandshocking.D．Challengingbutrewarding.(★★★)Whenwepassthroughanartgallery,whatdeterminesourideaofbeauty?Whileitisoftensaidthatbeautyisintheeyeofthebeholder(观看者),thisisnotthewholestory.Whenlookingatpaintings,wedon’tjudgeeachoneonitsownworth.Instead,wecarryabias(偏向),accordingtoanewstudybyresearchersfromtheUniversityofSydney.LedbyPhDstudentMs.SujinKim,theresearchinvolvedaseriesof40paintingspresentedto24observers.Theparticipantswereaskedtoratetheartisticbeautyofeachpaintingonascreen.Thepaintingsdescribedsceneryorstilllife.Thefirstquestionthe24observerswereaskedtorespondtowaswhethertheyratedeachpaintingindependentlyofwhattheyhadjustseen.Todothis,theseriesofpaintingswaspresented20timeswitheachrunhavingadifferentorder.Inthisway,agivenpaintingwasrated20times.Thedatawasclear:theobserversdidn’trateeachpaintingconsistently(一致地)butwerebiasedbywhattheyhadjustseen.“Manypeoplesupposeakindof‘contrasteffect’wherebyapaintingmaylookmoreattractiveifitfollowsanunattractivepainting,”ProfessorAlaissaid.“Thesurprisingresultwasthatthebiaswasapositiveone:paintingswereratedhigherfollowinganattractivepainting,orlower,followingunattractiveones.”Theresearchreferstothiseffectas“serialdependence”,whichdescribesasystemicbiastowardstherecentpastexperience.Previousstudieshavefoundthatmanytypesofinputincludingdirection,facialexpressionandattractivenessaresystematicallybiasedbyrecentpastexperience.Thishaspotentialapplicationsinvariousfieldswheretheorderofpresentationcanimpactconsumerpreferences.“Perhapsartgallerymanagershaveknownallalongaboutthebiastowardstherecentpast,”ProfessorAlaissaid.“Theyoftenkeepthebestpiecesforthelastandbuilduptoit.Ourstudyshowsthiswouldensureanaccumulating(积累的)effectandguaranteeabigfinish.”8.Whatfactormostlikelyinfluencedtheobservers’ratingofpaintingsinthestudy?

A．Theratingtimes.B．Theneighboringviewers.C．Thetypesofthepaintings.D．Thepaintings’arrangement.9.WhichexampleagreeswiththepositivebiasmentionedbyProfessorAlais?

A．Buyaproductmainlyduetopositivereviews.B．Consideraphysicallyattractivepersonsmarttoo.C．Enjoythesongthatfollowsaniceoneataconcert.D．Judgeaperson’scharacterbasedonthefirstimpression.10.WhatisProfessorAlais’sattitudetowardstheartgalleries’commonpractice?

A．Favorable.B．Disapproving.C．Confused.D．Unclear.11.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．ThetricksforhostingvaluableexhibitionsB．Serialdependence:anewlookatartisticbeautyC．TheelementsofbeingaskillfulartappreciatorD．Artisticcreation:anexpressionoftheselfandreality(★★★)Intheclassicmirrortest,ananimalismarkedonanareaofthebodybyscientistsandthenplacedbeforeamirror.Iftheanimaltouchesorexploresthemark,itistakenasanindicationthatitregardsthereflectedimageasanimageofitself,ratherthanofanotheranimal.Now,scientistshavecarriedouttheexperimentwithtwospeciesofsnakes:18Africanballpythonsand36easterngartersnakes.Becauseofsnakes’poorabilitytosee,theresearchersadaptedtheclassicmirrortest.Theycollectedfivescents:Thesnake’sownscent,itsownscentmixedwitholiveoil,thescentofpureoliveoil,thescentofanothersnakeandthescentofanothersnakemixedwitholiveoil.Africanballpythonsspentasimilaramountoftimewitheachscent.Buteasterngartersnakespaidmuchmoreattentiontotheirownscentthathadbeenmixedwiththatofoliveoil.Thescientistssuggestthegartersnakesrecognizedthemselvesbynoticingtheunexpectedchangeintheirsmell.“Theyonlydolongtongueflicks(轻弹)whenthey’reinterestedinsomething,”Millersays“Ithinktheirexperimentalmodelismorepowerfulthanthemirrortest,”RulonClark,abiologist,says.“Ahighlyreflectivemirroredsurfacedoesn’thavealotofequalsinthenaturalenvironment.Butresearchingchemicalsignalslikescentsleftbyaspeciesanditsfellowmemberswellinformsourselvesabouthowthespecieslearnsaboutitselfandinteractswiththeenvironment.”Researchersconductedasimilarstudyin2021with24easterngartersnakes.Insteadofscentsandoliveoil,theyobservedthesnakes’interestincageliners(衬垫)—theirown,versusthoseofothersnakeswithbothsimilaranddissimilardiets.Byobservinghowlongasnakeflickeditstonguebeforeeachliner,thatteamalsoshowedthatthesnakesfocusedontheirownscentsmorethanothers’.“Snakesarebelievedtobeboringanimalsthatarenotverysmart,butourresearchshowsthattheydisplaymanyofthesamecleverfeaturesasotheranimals.Wecanmakeprogressinthisfieldifwerespectthespecies’biologyandwayofdealingwiththeworldandasktherightquestions,”GordonBurghardt,thestudy’sleadauthor,says.12.Whatistheclassicmirrortestintendedtotestaboutanimals?

A．Naturalchangesintheirlooks.B．Theirself-recognitionability.C．Differencesintheirvision.D．Theiradaptability.13.Howdidtheresearchersadaptthemirrortestforsnakes?

A．Byaddingmirrortypes.B．Byincludingtwospecies.C．Bygivingthemvisiontraining.D．Byrelyingontheirsenseofsmell.14.Whyisthenewexperimentalmodelconsideredmorepowerful?

A．Itenablesdeeperexplorationofanimalbehavior.B．Itcandrivebettertreatmentofchemicalscents.C．Itbenefitsnatureprotectionduringstudies.D．Itcanreducecompetitionamongspecies.15.WhatinspirationdoesGordonBurghardtprobablywanttoshare?

A．Tryingtolearnfromresearchfailures.B．Exploringless-noticedresearchtopics.C．Designingspecies-specificresearchmethods.D．Exchangingideaswithscientistsindifferentfields.(★★★)Inthebusymodernlife,it’seasytogetcaughtupintherestlesspursuitofgoals,deadlines,andachievements.16Itholdsgreatpowerinpotentiallyshapingyourpersonalandprofessionallife.Bymakingself-reflectionaninseparablepartofyourroutines(常规),youcanunlockthepotentialtoleadamorefulfillingandimpactfullife.Self-reflectionismorethanjustashortmomentofthinking;it’sacarefulandstructuredprocessofexaminingone’sthoughts,feelings,experiences,andactions.17Thisallowsyoutobetterknowyourmotivations,values,strengths,weaknesses,andareasforgrowth.It’sajourneyofself-discoveryandself-awarenessthatlaysthefoundationforpersonaldevelopment.Oneofthekeybenefitsofself-reflectionisitsimpactondecision-makingandproblem-solvingabilities.Bytakingthetimetoreflectonpastdecisionsandoutcomes,individualscanidentifypatternsandlearnfrommistakes.Applyingthereflectivepractice,peoplecultivateflexibilityandadaptabilityinthefaceofchallenges.18Trytoincludeself-refectioninyourdailylife.Youcansetasidespecificperiodsforself-reflection.Theycouldbeafewminutesofquietcontemplation(沉思),journalingperiods,orstructuredreflectionexercises.Askmeaningfulquestionstargetedatyourself,suchas“WhatdidIlearntoday?”,“19”or“Whatarekeytasksformetomoveforward?”Theseexercisesencouragedeeperthinkingandinsights.20Alwaystrytoseewhatlessonscanbecollectedfrombothexperiences.What’smore,takeadvantageofthemtogrowandprogress.Adoptagrowthmindsetthatwelcomeschallenges,feedback(反馈意见)andcontinuouslearningandviewsetbacksasopportunitiesforgrowthandimprovement.Activelyseekfeedbackfromtrustedpeople.Effectivefeedbackprovidesvaluableviewpointsandareasforimprovement.

A．WhatcouldIhavehandleddifferently?B．Whattaskisrequiredtofinishbytheteacher?C．Reflectonbothyoursuccessesandyourfailures.D．Moreimportantly,self-reflectionmatterstoleadershipskills.E．Therefore,they’lllikelymakemoreinformedchoicesinthefuture.F．However,youcanturntoagreatbutundervaluedtool:self-reflection.G．Itinvolveslookinginwardtogainadeeperunderstandingofyourself.二、完形填空(★★★)Sometimes,goodnewsappearsinsmallamountsinlife.Byholdingontoapositivesecret,even_______,youcanheightenitsinspiringpowerforallpartiesinvolved.Lastyear,afamousshoecompanylaunchedanewpairofsneakers(运动鞋).Mydaughter,asneaker-head,was_______toacquireapaironthereleaseday.However,it’swidelyknownthatthesehighlysought-afteritemswould_______rapidly.So,withoutdisclosingmy_______,Idownloadedthecompany’sappandenteredthedraw(抽奖).Whilemydaughter’sattemptfailed,_______favoredmeandIwonapairinhersize.Wrappingupthishard-to-getpresentfilledmewith_______forthe“bigreveal(揭露)”onmydaughter’sbirthday.Also,_______thissecretoverthecourseofseveralweekscontinuallybroughtmejoy.Finally,judgingfrommydaughter’s_______shoutswhenshetoreoffthewrappingpaper,Icould_______thatshewasextremelyamazedbytheunexpectedgift.Meanwhile,her________mademegladthatmydecisionhadbeentherightone.Peopleoccasionallygotogreatlengthsto________apositivesurpriseinsecret.Thiskindofsurprisecanbegreatlyenjoyable,________surpriseisoftenabriefemotion.Nevertheless,whattrulymattersisthatwearegiventhechanceto________thejoyfulsurpriseonanotherperson’sface.Itenablesyouto________thismoment,evenifonlyinourownminds.Inaworldfullofuncertainty,promotingpositiveemotionsthroughkeepingadelightfulsecretcantruly________ourdays.21.A．brieflyB．possiblyC．unwillinglyD．doubtfully22.A．proudB．determinedC．satisfiedD．surprised23.A．turnupB．breakdownC．passdownD．sellout24.A．invitationB．requestC．intentionD．permission25.A．fortuneB．trustC．aidD．courage26.A．pityB．respectC．thankfulnessD．eagerness27.A．discussingB．seekingC．maintainingD．understanding28.A．uncontrollableB．unnecessaryC．nervousD．embarrassing29.A．explainedB．ignoredC．confirmedD．regretted30.A．instructionB．reactionC．approachD．contribution31.A．arrangeB．replaceC．rememberD．promise32.A．soB．orC．becauseD．yet33.A．introduceB．admireC．acceptD．forget34.A．preventB．chooseC．judgeD．lengthen35.A．challengeB．brightenC．checkD．prove三、语法填空(★★★)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。ScientistsattheUniversityofRochesterhavefoundthatblinking(眨眼睛)playsabiggerrolethanwethought.Typically,tocleardustoutofoureyes36(regard)asthemainreasonwhyweblink.That’s37(evident)reasonable.Butthefactisthatoureyes38(respond)seemstoomuch.Onaverage,humansblinkupto20timeseveryminute.Althougheachblinkonlylastsbetween0.1and0.4seconds,thataddsuptoaround8%ofourwakinghoursspent39oureyesclosed.Thebrainhastoworkharder40(fight)thoseconstantmovements,soitdoesn’tseemworthwhiletotakethetroublewithoutgettinganyotherbenefitinreturn.TheRochesterresearcherssetouttofigureout41thatbenefitmightbe.Theteamtrackedeyemovementsinhumansandcoupledthedatawithcomputermodels.Thescientistsfoundthattherapideyemovementduringablinkchangesthelightpatterns,42(send)adifferenttypeofvisual(视觉的)signaltothebrain.Blinkinghelpspeopletakeinthe“bigpicture”ofascene,43noticelarge-scale,slowlychangingpatterns.“Weshowthathumansbenefitfromblinkingthroughtheinformation44(communicate)bytheeyemovement.”SaidBinYang,firstauthorofthestudy.“Thus,differentfromthe45(establish)belief,blinkingimprovesvisualprocessingratherthandamagingit.”四、书信写作(★★★)46.假定你是学生会主席李华，你校计划下周五举办一场露天音乐节。请你给擅长吉他的外教David写一封邮件，邀请他表演一首曲目，内容包括：1.发出邀请；2.告知活动安排；3.表达期待。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________五、书面表达(★★★★)47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。Havingputmylunchboxintomyschoolbag,IwavedgoodbyetoMumandgotontotheschoolbus.Uponarrivalattheschool,IcameacrossmyfriendAnika,andwesawaposteronthefrontwalloftheschool.“Acostumecontest?It’sgoingtobeheldthisWednesday!”wesaidexcitedlyanddecidedtosignup.WhileIwaslookingattheposter,Ifeltataponmyshoulder.WhenIturned,IsawMariah,whowasoneyearolderthanme.“Towinthiscontest,youneedtobuyagoodcostumenotahandmadeone,”Mariahsaidwithamocking(嘲弄的)smileandthenleft.Annoyedbyhertone,AnikaandIwalkeddirectlytoourclass.Itrainedheavilythenextday,sowedidn’tgotoschool.Nevertheless,Iwasverysad.Iwantedtocompeteinthecontest,butIdidn’twanttobuyacostume.ItwouldbeawasteofmoneybecauseIonlyneededto