中考英语总复习-题型五-阅读理解市赛课公开课一等奖省课获奖课件

题型五阅读了解题型分析解题技巧真题分析1/27题型分析阅读了解在中考英语试题中是重中之重,分值为45分。它是一个综合性很强题型,重点考查考生词汇量、语法利用、阅读速度、了解能力、逻辑思维能力及推理能力、归纳总结及判断能力,对各国文化背景了解程度。中考阅读了解题选材广泛,包含幽默故事、日常生活、人物传记、科普知识、社会文化、图表和新闻报道等。2/27题型分析本大题包含A、B、C、D、E五篇难度适当短文,其中A、B、C、D四篇要求考生阅读材料后,从每小题4个选项中选出最正确答案。E篇是在一篇短文中留出五个空格,要求考生依据短文内容,从短文后所给五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处最正确选项,使短文通顺、连贯,意思完整。A篇阅读是属于比较实用表格、应用文、图表或配有图片文章等,多为细节了解题。B、C、D篇阅读逐步加深难度、是考查学生综合能力短文,考查方式多为细节了解题、词义猜测题、指代关系题、推理判断题、主旨大意题、计算了解题等。3/27解题技巧一、细节性问题这类题型最常出现，普通先读题，带着问题去阅读，通常能够在原文原句中找到答案，此时最好把关键点用笔画出来，以免粗心而犯错。或者能够通读全文，在了解文章大意后便可找到答案。4/27解题技巧二、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题1.推理判断题先找出信息源，对照选项进行“三对一错或三错一对”判断；忌片面思索，尤其是由某一句话而得出片面结论。记住一个标准：过于绝对(all,only,always,never,certainly)都是不正确。计算题也是推理判断题中常见形式，这类试题要经过详细计算才能够得出正确答案。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定影响。解答这类试题方法是先了解文章大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确答案。5/27解题技巧2.主旨大意题解这种题目时，不要以偏概全（如把文章出现某一观点当做整篇文章观点），或者概括性不够（把文章某一部分中心句看成全文主旨），或者概括过分（超出了文章内容）。6/27解题技巧3.词义猜测题解答这类题目时需要对相关上下文，甚至整篇文章内容建立准确、立体了解才能做出正确答案。有时，命题者为了使他意思表示得更清楚明白，通惯用一个同义词、近义词或英文解释来说明此文章中一个比较难词或关键词，所以其中就有可能为我们熟悉单词或解释，用已知知识，就不难推断出生词词义来。有时，中考中用指代性代词，如it，they，she，he以及其宾格形式来指代前面所出现名词，所以包括这类题目时，我们更要认真细心地找准前面名词。7/27解题技巧三、还原型阅读了解题。1.在了解全文基础上,把握段落与段落之间、句子与句子之间行文关系和逻辑关系。2.联络上下文,找出突破口,先还原位置较显著句子,然后把其余句子逐一回归原文。对于模棱两可句子,可试着回归原文,重复诵读上下文,判断其位置是否恰当。3.将全部句子都还原到短文后,再通读全文,检验文理是否通顺,逻辑是否合理。8/27真题分析A（·福州市）Whatwoulditbeliketobeover100metersintheair？Besidestakingaplane,thereisamoreinterestingandrelaxingwaytoexperienceit:havingarideonaFerriswheel(摩天轮).LondonEye,EnglandWithaheightofabout135meters,theLondonEyeisthetallestFerriswheelinEurope.Thereare32cars(轿厢)andeachcancarry25peopleatmost.Ontheride,peoplecangetaviewofLondonTower.BuckinghamPalaceandBigBen.Oneturntakes30minutes.9/27真题分析HighRoller，USItistheworld’stallestFerriswheel.Itis168meterstall.HighRollerfirstopenedinLasVegasonMarch31st,.Aridetakes30minutes.Youcanalsoenjoyvideosandmusicduringtheride.TianjinEye,ChinaTianjinEyeisa120-metertallFerriswheel.ItliesonabridgeovertheHaiheRiverinTianjin,China.ItistheonlyFerriswheelintheworldtostandonabridge.Thewheelhas48cars.Eachcantakeeightpassengers.Peoplecangetgoodviewsofthecityduringthe30minutetrip.10/27RouedeParisFranceRouedeParislookslikeallotherFerriswheels.Itisabout60meterstallandhas42cars.Butpeoplecanmoveit.Becauseofthis,thebigwheelhasbeentomanyotherplaceslikeManchesterintheUKandBangkokinThailand.真题分析11/27()1.Thereare_____carsinLondonEye.A.25B.30C.32D.135()2.ThetallestFerriswheelintheworldisin___.A.ParisB.TianjinC.LasVegasD.London()3.HighRolleris____meterstallerthanTianjinEye.A.33B.48C.60D.108真题分析12/27()4.____istheonlyonetolieonabridge.A.LondonEyeB.HighRollerC.TianjinEyeD.RouedeParis()5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE？A.TianjinEyecanbringyoumusicalenjoyment.B.RouedePariscanbemovedtomanyotherplaces.C.LondonEyecancarry384passengersatmostononeturn.D.HavingarideonthefourFerriswheelsneedsthesametime.真题分析13/271.C【解析】细节了解题依据“Thereare32cars”可知伦敦眼有32个轿厢。故选C。2.C【解析】细节了解题依据“Itistheworld’stallestFerriswheel”和“HighRollerfirstopenedinLasVegasonMarch31st,.”可知,世界上最高摩天轮在LasVegas。故选C。3.B【解析】推理判断题依据“Itis168meterstall”和“TianjinEyeisa120metertallFerriswheel.”可知HighRoller比TianjinEye高48米。故选B。真题分析14/274.C【解析】细节了解题依据“ItistheonlyFerriswheelintheworldtostandonabridge.”可知TianjinEye是世界上唯一一座建在桥上摩天轮。故选C。5.B【解析】细节了解题由第三段中“Youcanalsoenjoyvideosandmusicduringtheride.”可知A错;C错在LondonEye能够乘坐32×25=800人;D错在文中并没有提到RouedeParis转一圈需要多长时间。依据“Butpeoplecanmoveit”可知,巴黎摩天轮能够移动,B选项正确。故选B。真题分析15/27BPollutioninsidehomesandotherbuildingskillsmorethan4millionpeopleeachyear.Manypeopledieasaresultofbreathingsmokeorfromcookingoverwood-poweredorcoal-poweredstoves.Onewaytoreducethenumberofdeathsisthroughcookingequipmentpoweredbythesun.CrosbyMenzies,asolarpowerexpertinaSouthAfricancompany,describedhislatestsolarcookercalledthe“Sol4”,”Itisfoursquaremetersofmirrors,sixtoeightmetersinlength.Itisquitealargecooker.”真题分析16/27The“Sol-4”worksbyreflecting(反射)lightfromthesunofflargemirrors.Themirrorsdirect(把……对准)thelightatacookingpan.Thenthelightheatsthepanwithsolarenergy.Withintwominutes,thepanishotenoughtocooksausagesandonions.Injustfourminutes,watercanbeboiled.Thatisasfastascookingwithnaturalgasorelectricity.Thecookerisalsomuch“friendlier”thanothermodelsbecausepeopledonothavetostandinthesuntouseit.Andpeoplecanpreparemealswithouthavingtocollectfirewoodorspendmoneyoncoal.Suchindividualswouldbelesslikelytohavebreathingillnessesfromharmfulsmoke.真题分析17/27Atpresent,thecookeronlyworkswhenthesunisshining.Butengineersareworkingonawaytomakeitworkwithoutsunlight.Eachcookercostsabout$2,000,whichisalargeamountofmoneyformostAfricans.Tosolvethatproblem,CrosbyMenzieshascratedanon-governmentalorganizationcalledSolarCookersforAfrica.Itplanstoraisemoneythroughdonationstoprovidepoorpeoplewithsolarcookingequipment.真题分析18/27()1.Thispassageismainlyabout____.A.solarcookersB.smokepollutionC.solarpowerexpertsD.breathingillnesses()2.The“Sol-4”ismainlyusedto_____.A.shortenthetimeofcookingB.reducethecostofmakingcookersC.raisemoneythroughdonationstohelpAfricanpeopleD.reducethenumberofdeathscausedbyharmfulsmoke真题分析19/27()3.Theunderlinedword“individuals”mostprobablymeans“”A.cookersB.mirrorsC.peopleD.experts()4.Whichofthefollowingaboutthe“Sol-4”isTRUE？A.Itissixtoeightsquaremetersofmirrors.B.Itcanworkinanyweatherconditionnow.C.Itcanalsoheatthepanbylightingfirewood.D.Itismoreenvironment-friendlythanothercookers.真题分析20/27()5.Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat____.A.the“Sol4”willbedesignedinasmallersizeB.moreAfricanscanusethesolarcookersinthefutureC.the“Sol4”isthefirstproductoftheSouthAfricancompanyD.theAfricangovernmentwillprovidepoorpeoplewithsolarcookers真题分析21/27B1.A【解析】主旨大意题依据全文可知本文介绍了一个新型太阳能灶具。故答案是A。2.D【解析】细节了解题依据“Onewaytoreducethenumberofdeathsisthroughcookingequipmentpoweredbythesun.”以及本段提出Sol4这个炊具可知:Sol4主要是用于降低因呼吸有害气体而造成死亡。故选D。3.C【解析】词义猜测题依据“Andpeoplecanpreparemealswithouthavingtocollectfirewoodorspendmoneyoncoal.”和“…wouldbelesslikelytohavebreathingillnessesfromharmfulsmoke.”可知:这么人极少患上呼吸类疾病。所以,“individuals”指是人。故选C。真题分析22/274.D【解析】细节了解题依据第三段介绍Sol4工作原理可知:它使用是太阳能,比其它灶具更环境保护。故选D。5.B【解析】推理判断题依据“Tosolvethatproblem,CrosbyMenzieshascratedanon-governmentalorganizationcalledSolarCookersforAfrica.Itplanstoraisemoneythroughdonationstoprovidepoorpeoplewithsolarcookingequipment.”能够推断未来越来越多非洲人会用上太阳能灶。故答案是B。真题分析23/27C(·漳州市)It'sverycommontomeetdifferentpeopleinpublicplaces.WhenIwas12,Igotajobinashop.Onmyfirstdayatwork,Ididn’tcomehomeforlunch.1.______,Dadasked,“Wheredidyoumanageyourlunch,dear?”Ianswered,“Imadesomenewfriendsintheshop,twinbrothers,theirmomanddad.Theyweremycustomers.2._______.”Dadwas