高中英语完形填空技巧

专题：高考英语完形填空答题技巧完型填空试题主要特点：1.

通常从一篇300-350词左右，文章中设空20个，首句不挖空2.干扰项设计严密：一般情况下，四个选项的词性相同或属于同等或对等范畴，干扰项填入后在语法上一般不存在错误，对考生有很大的迷惑作用；3.突出语篇(语境)，强调应用，注重交际。主要考查考生对上下文的理解，要求通过语境来作出选择。四个选项语法方面都能成立，错误选项多半可以和空前、空后文字形成某种搭配，极具干扰和迷惑作用。做完形填空题，需要我们立足语篇环境，树立全局观念，瞻前顾后，连贯思维，从语境角度来选择答案。4.大多富有积极的教育意义，给人以人生的启迪或是充满了生活情趣；为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多?1）没严格遵循答题步骤:很多考生拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真分析通篇文章，单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构。表面上解题速度挺快，但是这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量和效率。切记:一定要用2-3分钟时间先进行缺词阅读,弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再逐个填空.2）不注意积累答题技巧:a.忽略文章首句的提示作用；b.忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系;c.遇到长句不注意分析句子结构,在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择.3.时间安排不当:在几个选项上过分纠缠，追求完美，导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。切记:正确的做法是由易到难，先做会做的，再考虑较难的。强烈推荐：如尚有几题题目不确定可将某题的可能的两项填入空格,然后快速地整句整段地默读,选择某一项习惯或短语或动宾搭配读起来较流畅的.正确的完形填空的解题步骤：（把握整体，具体分析）1）细读首句,跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意2）结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案3）瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破4）再读全文，反复检查1)细读文章的第一句话高考完形填空选文的第一句话通常是完整的。该句往往就是主题句（TopicSentence），这就为我们理解文章的内在联系提供了一个“窗口”，它的句意往往为全文提供中心信息，能直接概括全文大意、揭示主题。充分重视首句的标示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，据此展开思维，争取开局胜利。对于叙事，描述类文章。短文的首句，往往点明故事发生的人物(who),时间（when），地点(where)，和事件(what)等背景情况。例：Itwasabusymorning，about8:30,whenanelderlygentlemaninhis80scametothehospital.……2010全国卷（I）对于论述文，首句表明了论述的主题。起到揭示主题的作用。例如：Amanwhoknowshowtowriteapersonalletterhasaverypowerfultool.Alettercanbeenjoyed,readand21.…….2010全国卷（II）高考完形填空考什么？词汇题;篇章结构(语境)-----句际关系2)结合选项：实用技巧1.寻找关键信息词来选答案（上下文和前后句的提示，包括复现、同/近义词、反义词，暗示等）例1：NormanCousinswasabusinessmanfromtheUnitedStateswhooftentraveledaroundtheworldonbusiness.Heenjoyedhis____1____andtraveling.1.A.time B.holidayC.sleepD.work接着读下文：Then,afterreturningtotheUnitedStatesfroma_2___triptotheUnionofSovietSocialistRepublic(USSR),Mr.Cousinsgotsick.2.A.boring B.tiringC.dangerousD.pleasant例2：Anoldlion____initscaveandpretendedtobeill,whensomeanimalscametovisitit,thelionkilledandatethem.Aslept B.layC.lyingD.feltsick例3；Mrs.Blackwouldaskmeformy2.ShewantedtoknowhowIthoughtweshouldhandlethings.AtfirstIhadnoideahowtoanswerbecauseIknow_4_aboutstagedesign!2.A.opinionB.impressionC.informationD.intention4.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything2.用比较判断法来选择答案例1：PagodaStreetisastreetlikemanyothers–notvery__1___,notverywide,___2____wideenoughfortwobusestopass.Butitisa__3___streetallthesame,particularlyduringtherushhour.1.Aclear B.clean C.farD.fresh2.A.also B.even C.and D.only3.A.famousB.useful C.busyD.free例2：TheancientGreekthinkerDiogenessaidthattherewasonlyonegood,namely(也就是),knowledge;andonlyone___1___,namely,__2__.1.A.better B.best C.nice D.evil2.A.ignorance B.disbeliefC.laziness D.death3.根据表示关系的词判断语境关系。常见的词有：though（虽然）,atthesametime（往往比较两个不同的动作）,evenso（尽管如此）,instead（此外）,onthecontrary（恰恰相反）,ontheotherhand（另一方面）,similarly（同样）,but,however（然而）等。如：Ahorseandadonkey,eachbearingaburden,werebeingledbytheirmaster.Thedonkeyaskedthehorsetotakepartofitsburden,foritwasverytired;____thehorserefused.A.but B.then C.and D.so4.词语的习惯用法和固定搭配1.）ThechancepassedandIdidn’t1it.ItooktheexamthenextdayandIwon.Ididn’t2tocheat,butIwasstillcheatinganyhow.（06江苏试卷1.A.takeB.haveC.loseD.find2.A.rememberB.learnC.meanD.pretend2)Thehappiestpeopledon'tnecessarilyhavethebestofeverything;theyjust____thebestofeverythingtheyhave.A.learnB.makeC.favorD.try3)Ihavetoworklatetonight.IdoubtifI'llbeableto____itontime.A.reachB.keepC.takeD.make5.从词汇的意义及用法辨析词义1)Withherslowandclumsyreactions,shewouldsurely____herteam.AholdonB.holdoutC.holdoverD.holdup2)SoonIhearda＿likethatofadoorburstin.A.soundB.cryC.voiceD.shout3).(2010江苏卷)Myfather36metoherwiththesewords:“Iwouldlikeyoutomeetthefellowwhois……36.A.rushedB.sentC.carriedD.introduced6.根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行选择1).ImademysandwichthatafternoonwhilewaitingforCassie.39thebutter-creamgavemeanidea.A.SpreadingB.BoilingC.BakingD.Holding2).(2010福建)BorninAmerica,IspokeEnglishnotChinese，thelanguageofmyancestors.WhenIwasthree.，myparentsflashedcardswithChinese36atmyface,butIputthem(aside),……36.A.customB.gamesC.charactersD.language3)(Immediately)theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedtothe___hospital.A.animalB.biggestC.plantD.nearest7句际关系:1.语法手段2.逻辑手段1.语法手段.1)ShewasFrench---perhapsfromthatplace___heusuallyspenthisholidays.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.how2)Theinstructorthen___thatwefindwaystomakeapologizetopeople.A.expectedB.suggestedC.toldD.said2.逻辑手段:让步关系,转折关系,因果关系,解释关系,顺序关系,并列关系1.（2010江苏卷)Thenshelookedatmyfatherandreplied,“Youare40(wrong).Thisisnottheworstboyatall,41thesmartestonewhohasn’tyetfoundanoutlet（释放的途径）forhisenthusiasm.”41.A.butB.soC.andD.or2.（2010湖南卷)Beanisawhitedog,quitehandsomeandvery38.38.A.smartB.sweetC.slowD.shy3.（2010安徽卷)Firstofall,apenshouldfitcomfortablyinyourhand,….Thenthewritingpointofthepen……52,thepenshouldmakeathick,darkline.52.A.MeanwhileB.GenerallyC.AfterwardsD.Finally8.弄清楚语篇理解:作者观点、态度解题技巧归纳：上下文语境，常识背景，习惯搭配，词义辨析，语法分析，逻辑分析能力提升：1.ManyAfricansarevery()andsotheycan’taffordtoeatmuchmeat.AhealthyB.poorC.richD.weak2.（08全国I）Afterthebirthofmysecondchild,Igotajobatarestaurant.Havingworkedwithanexperienced36forafewdays,Iwas37towaittablesonmyown.36.A.managerB.assistantC.cookD.waitress37A.promisedB.invitedC.allowedD.advised3.…themotherwasholdingtheirbabydaughter,Ally.Thelittlegirlhadsomefoodstuckinherthroat,andcouldhardlybreathe.Mr.Whitedrovethemto2.Theambulancewasrunningveryfastalongtheroad.2.A.thebesthospitalB.thebiggesthospitalC.thenearesthospitalD.theChildren’sHospital4.（NMET2004）Itwasthenightbeforethecompositionwasdue.AsIlookedatthelistoftopics(题目),“TheArtofEatingSpaghetti(意大利面条)”caughtmyeye.Theword“spaghetti”brough