中考英语考点总动员系列专题 完形填空

考点十六完形填空聚焦考点☆温习理解一、完型填空之概述分析“完型填空”(Cloze)是初中英语试题考察的一种重要题型。事实证明，完型填空通常是同学们较难把握的题型之一，且失分率较高。它是对学生阅读能力，语法知识，逻辑推理以及分析归纳等综合能力的考查。因此，要做好完型填空，不仅要具备一定的词法、句法和惯用法等语法知识，而且还要具备阅读理解能力、综合分析能力和运用语言知识的实践能力。它旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它结合了单项选择题和短文填空的优点，既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。“完形填空”题要求填入的词主要有:1.语法结构所要求的功能词，如连接词、连接代词、连接副词、关系代词、关系副词等。2.具有语法变化的普通词，如动词的时态、语态、语气，名词的数，代词的格，形容词和副词的级等。3.固定搭配短语或词组中的特定词。4.同义词、近义词等易混淆词。5.根据上、下文意思及结构必须填入的确定词。可见，完形填空是一种综合性较强的题型。它的突出特点是起点高、容量大。同学们只有具备了扎实的语言基本功、较好的阅读能力及归纳判断能力，才能适应这一题型。完形填空题的考查目的:1.考查同学们阅读理解能力。2.考查同学们语法知识。3.考查同学们综合运用英语知识的水平和实践能力。二、完形填空题的命题特点完形填空题是通过阅读考查学生语言知识及语言知识综合运用能力的一种测试形式。命题人在一段难度适度的文章中留出10个空白，要求考生从所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使补足的短文意思通顺、结构完整。完形填空是介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型。可以说它是根据一篇文章所提供的情景进行的选择填空，也可以说它是在缺少个别单词情况下的阅读理解。完形填空既有对语法规则、习惯用法和词语搭配的考查，又有对文章内容的通篇理解。完形填空主要考查以下三个方面的内容:1、词汇:此类题目考查的内容是:近义词的区别，词语的固定搭配和习惯用法。近几年陕西省中考题中的完型填空题考查的词汇类别涉及到名词、代词、动词、介词、连词、形容词、副词和短语动词。2、语法:此类题目考查的是:各种语法规则在文章中的运用。其中包括名词的单复数，形容词、副词的比较等级，动词的时态和语态，介词、数词、代词和连词的用法，主谓一致，各种从句的用法等。3、结构:此类题目考查的是:文章中间句子与句子之间，段落与段落之间，上文与下文之间的逻辑关系。从设空的类型看可分为三个层次:1、句子层次2、句组层次3、全篇层次设空的难度，从句子层次到句组层次，再到全篇层次，依次增加。分析近几年陕西省的完形填空题，我们可以看出陕西省完形填空题的设空主要以句子层次为主，以句组层次为辅，几乎没有全篇层次题目。因此总体难度较低。三、完型填空之命题趋势剖析完型填空要求考生不仅要会运用自己学过的词汇和语法知识妥善地处理好每个单句，理解语义，还要处理好单句之间以及单句完形填空题要求填入的词主要有：构成各种时态和用法区别的动词及短语动词；名词和介词；根据上下文意思及结构必须填入的形容词、副词、代词和连词；同义词、近义词等易混词。考查以实词为主，兼顾虚词和语法结构。难点主要集中在根据上下文作正确判断的词的用法上。1.题材：以故事性题材居多，历年中考故事小品类题材比例超过50%，故事往往具有幽默性或富有哲理，其他还有科普小品、文化体育、风土人情、人物、史地等。2.体裁：完形填空选文的体裁也值得一提，以记叙文居多，同样在近年中考考试中记叙文比例超过50%。其他还有说明文应用文、议论文等。3.命题形式：完型填空题的两空之间一般相隔7—10个词，短文首尾句一般不设填空题，每句中只有一个空。4.试题特点分析：分析近几年完型填空题可以发现以下一些规律：1)本题型设空以考查文意为主，也就是我们所说的“实词”——名词、动词、形容词和副词等，比重极大，且有逐年增加的趋势。2)降低对单词本身词意的考查要求，以突出本题的主要测试目的：理解全文，通篇考虑，掌握大意，注重关联。3)增加了考查连词的题，涉及考生对于行文逻辑的掌握及文句之间关联的理解。4)注意结合文意考查对词语用法的掌握。主要涉及两个方面：词义辨析与惯用搭配。同义与近义词的比较分辨应当放到一定的语境之中才有意义。如果只是一一对应地背记单词的中文意思，不注意具体语境中单词的确切含意，是难以分辨一些词汇的细微差异的。5.题目的类型可分为：1)语言知识型，如各种语法规则、句型、句式等；还包括词汇型，测试单词在一定语境下的基本用法、习惯用法、常用搭配以及对其词义的记忆或其特定意义的理解和灵活运用。2)判断推理型，考查对篇章的整体理解、上下文段落的衔接、逻辑思维与判断推理能力。3)综合型，即对知识和能力综合运用的考查。四、完型填空之解题秘笈考试犹如打仗，方可谓“知己知彼，百战不殆。”在了解了出题的原则和规律后，明白题目的考查点，再配以好的解题方法和思路，做完型填空题就不会再是学生们过不去的槛。那么，做完型填空的解题秘笈和步骤是什么呢？在做完型填空题时，通常先弄清语境，并依据上下文进行合理的分析、判断，才能作出恰当的选择。具体可分为以下三步：1.通览全文，掌握大意。做题时，应先越过空档，通读全文，理顺题意，找出信息词。这是做好完形填空题的关键。因为完型填空的特点是着眼于整体理解。我们如果把短文比作环环相扣的链条，那么由于空格的设置，“链条”从第二句起有些地方就脱节了。有些同学习惯于提笔就填或边读边填，急于求成，然而，欲速则不达。由于完形填空属障碍性阅读，所以抓住文章的首句(段)和尾句(段)，对把握文章的主旨和大意很有帮助，因为文章的首句是观察全文的“窗口”，尾句是文章的总结、结论或点睛之笔，会带给我们有益的启示，因此首先看一下文章的首句和尾句，使自己心中大概有个印象，我们应该依据首句给的启示，通过逻辑思维，借助短文中关键词所提供的信息，越过空档，尽快把全文读完，建立语言的整体感，帮助我们了解短文大意。然后再去通读全文，不失为一个窍门。通读全文的方式也可因文而异，对较易把握大意的文章可采用粗读、速读的方式；而对理解稍有吃力的文章不妨放慢读速、慎读，但不管怎样读，注意力都应集中在文章的主线(或中心词)、了解文章内容，从而确定进行推断、选择的基本思路。如果一开始就忙于见一空填一空，势必无法从整体上把握全文概要，造成顾此失彼，既影响准确率，也影响做题速度。2.先易后难，完成各项。通览全文后，对文章有了整体印象，在此基础上，可以根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，分析这一空格处在句中的地位，前后的关系和它所起的作用，确定最佳答案。遇到困难，暂放一边，先易后难，这是解题之道。当遇到难以判断的空档时，不妨先放一边，继续往下做。因为有些答案是必须通过下文的理解后才能作出断定的。有时，前后信息之间还有相互提示作用。因此，当我们遇到难题时，不能久久停留于此，这样会浪费不必要的时间。本着先易后难的原则，先根据上下文和自己的语感，推测部分空格的可能答案。然后，再结合选项逐一敲定。综合考虑指的是根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则，把上下文的意思、句法结构、词类和语法功能、惯用法、逻辑推理常识等各种因素加在一起综合考虑，仔细推敲。要准确判断出题目的类型，语法知识类较多地表现为动词时态、语态的选用或句子成分的辨识；词语知识方面的题目要从词性、词形区分，同义词语辨析、习惯搭配、习惯用语、结构词选择等方面考虑；情景推理题要注重跳出句子层次，注意句间的结构、意义上的连接和照应关系，有时还应在段与段之间、情节与情节之间或更大范围内上下文照应，因此对短文作“全景式”的总体把握对每一空的正确解答非常重要。注意句型、语法、词语搭配和习惯用法。3.复读全文，消除疏漏。完成所有空档后，还要再次通读全文，看看这时的短文行文是否流畅，意义是否连贯，逻辑关系是否合理。复查时，可从语法入手，检查一下句子的时态、主谓一致、代词的性、数、格以及词语的搭配等是否正确。凡遇疑点，必须根据文章的中心思想，从意义、语法的角度来仔细权衡，除此之外，复读时对全篇文章的理解，检查全文是否前后贯通，再次将不合题意的答案调整或修改；如果实在无法确定，可以作推理性猜测，不可放弃不填。名师点睛☆典例分类【例1】Beingayoungpersonisonething,andbeingagoodoneis46.Agoodyoungpersonshouldhavethesequalities:Firstofall,health.Ahealthybodyisthebestriches(财富).47it,nothingcanbedonewell.Ifyouarepoorinhealth,youwillhavetotake48dayafterday.Evenyoucan’twork,dosportsandsoon.Secondly,dosomethingforothers.Helpthoseintroubleand49thepeoplearoundyou.Ifeveryonedidthesame,50wonderfulworlditwouldbe!Thirdly,havetheabilitytoworkwithothers.Cooperation(合作)andcommunicationaretwoimportantkeystobetterhumanrelation.Everyoneneedsfriends51noonecanlivethroughlifealoneordoeverythinghewantsto.Besidestheexampleabove,patriotism(爱国心)istheoneweshouldnever52.Patriotismmeansloveforone’scountry.Itisoneofthehighestqualitiesofhuman’s.Everyoneshouldlovehisowncountry.Butpeople53thinkthatpatriots(爱国者)mustbesoldiersorthatliveinatimeoffightingfortheircountry.Thisis54.Agoodyoungperson’sworkisnotonlyfighting.Agoodyoungpersonwilldothethingshiscountryaskshimtodo.Ithinkagoodyoungpersonoftodayshouldalsohavesometraininginart55theycanlivebetterandenjoymore.46.A.otherB.oneC.anotherD.theothers47.A.WithB.WithoutC.AfterD.Before48.A.medicineB.foodC.drinkD.fruit49.A.takeafterB.talkedaboutC.arguewithD.careabout50.A.howB.howaC.whatD.whata51.A.ifB.becauseC.whileD.though52.A.rememberB.answerC.forgetD.ask53.A.sometimesB.neverC.sometimeD.hardly54.A.goodB.badC.rightD.wrong55.A.sothatB.suchasC.whenD.but【答案】46.C47.B48.A49.D50.D51.B52.C53.A54.D55.A51.B考查连词及语境理解。A.if，如果，表假设的条件；B.because，因为，表因果关系；C.while，当……时，表时间；D.though，虽然，表示转折关系。每个人都需要朋友，因为没有人能够单独生活一辈子，没有人能够单独做他想做的一切。表示因果关系，故选B。52.C考查动词含义辨析及语境理解。A.remember，记得；B.answer，回答；C.forget忘记；D.ask，询问，请求；除上面的例子外，爱国心是一个人永远也不能忘记的。本段讲述爱国对于青年的重要，永不能忘记的是爱自己的祖国。故选C。53.A考查副词及语境理解。A.sometimes有时；B.never，从不，绝不；C.sometime将来某时；D.hardly，几乎不。但是人们有时认为爱国者一定是军人或为祖国而战斗的人。每个人都爱国，但是有时人们在观念上的理解出偏差，故选A。54.D考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。A.good，好；B.bad，坏；C.right，正确；D.wrong错误。人们有时认为爱国者一定是军人或为祖国战斗的人。这不对，一名优秀的年轻人不仅仅是战斗，而且一位优秀的年轻人愿意做祖国要求做的事。对前面的观点进行否定，说不对。因此选D。55.A考查连词词义辨析及语境理解。我也认为如今的一名优秀的年轻人也得作一些艺术方面的训练以更好地享受生活。A.sothat，为了，表示目的；B.suchas，比如，例如.列举一些例子；C.when，当……时，表示时间；D.but，但是，表示转折。进行艺术训练的目的是为了更好地享受生活，为了，sothat。故选A。考点：人生哲理类短文。【例2】YangMi，borninBeijingonSeptemberl2，1986，isaChinesemainlandactress．Attheageof4，shegotherfirstTVdramarole；at16，she36aIn2010，the24-year-old37playedLuoQingchuaninthetime-travelingTVdrama，Palace（《宫锁心玉》）．ThedramabecameabigsuccessandmadeYangvery38．Thenumberofhermicroblogfollowers39fromseveralthousandtomorethanthreemillionovernight．Couldshebeany40？Yangdoesn’tthinkluckhadanythingto41withhersuccess．Shemakesherwayallbyherself．“Every42isfromtheeffortsI’vemade，”saidYang．Peoplenowthinkshe’sveryhard—working．Shestillrecallsthetimewhenpeoplegaveherthecoldshoulder．Sometreatedherwithlittlerespect．Theydidn’twanttohelpherinhertimeofneed．“Ihaveto43thembecausetheymakemebelievemyself，”shesaid．That’swhyshealwayshelpotherswhentheyare44．InMay，Yangbecametheambassador（大使）fortheClimateGroup．ShecallsonpeopletojointheMillion—Miracleprojectand45treesonChina’sdryland．InApril，2009，YangMiwasconsideredamemberoftheFourYoungDanactresses（四小花旦）alongwithHuangShengyi，WangLuodan，LiuYifei．36．A．became B．wanted C．asked D．bought37．A．student B．actress C．player D．model38．A．great B．rich C．1ucky D．famous39．A．began B．covered C．increased D．turned40．A．happier B．1uckier C．healthier D．busier41．A．do B．play C．stay D．talk42．A．play B．role C．drama D．chance43．A．help B．ask C．thank D．follow44．A．inneed B．indoubt C．intears D．inthisway45．A．provide B．buy C．water D．plant【答案】 36A37B38D39C40B41A42D43C44A45D考点：人物传记类短文。【点睛】从完形填空题来看，难度不大，全部题目都属于句子层次。只要看懂了短文的意思，掌握了一些短语的固定搭配，再多做一些精选的练习，做好完形填空题是不难的。凡遇疑点，必须根据文章的中心思想，从意义、语法的角度来仔细权衡，除此之外，复读时对全篇文章的理解，检查全文是否前后贯通，再次将不合题意的答案调整或修改；如果实在无法确定，可以作推理性猜测，不可放弃不填。课时作业☆能力提升1.Asweallknow,theformer(前任的)Chineseleaderswereinterestedinplayingsports,suchasping-pong,basketballandfootball.41isPresidentXiJinping.Xiwasasportsloverandheusedto42playingfootballverymuch.AndnowheisalsooneofthefootballfansinChina.Hethinksweshouldnotonlycareaboutthenationalteam(国家队),butalsopaymuchmore43tothetrainingoftheyoungplayers.So44hevisitedEurope(欧洲)thisyear,heespeciallywatchedChina-Germany(德国)youthfootballmatch.Althoughthe45teamlostthegameintheend,hestillencouragedtheyoungplayerstotrainharderand46giveup.HetoldthemthattheywouldbethekeystoChina’sfootball.Ourlifeisjust47China’sfootball.AsXioncesaidinShanghai,“China’sfootballdreamlooksfarawaybutwecannotstop.Youmightmakeyourdreams48onedayonlyifyoukeepdreaming.”Sothereis49excuseforustogiveupourdreams,andwemusttryour50torealizethem.41.A.And B.So C.Nor D.Neither42.A.watch B.enjoy C.want D.practice43.A.money B.time C.attention D.interest44.A.if B.until C.before D.when45.A.Chinese B.German C.European D.English46.A.even B.ever C.don’t D.never47.A.for B.like C.from D.about48.A.comeback B.comein C.comeon D.cometrue49.A.no B.some C.little D.few50.A.hardest B.harder C.best D.better【答案】41.B42.B43.C44.D45.A46.D47.B48.D49.A50.C考点：日常生活类短文2.MyfatherdiedwhenIwasalittlekid.Ihavebeen41mymothersincethen.Wewereso42thatsometimesIdidn’thaveenoughfoodtoeat.However,mymotherdidn’tlosethe43atall.Shegottwopart-timejobstopayformyeducation.Shedidwhatshecouldtomakemelivehappily.Attheageoftwenty-two,I44fromthecollegeandfoundagoodjob.However,afewmonthsago,Ifelt45andthenthedoctortoldmeIhadastomachcancer.Icouldn’t46theterriblefact.Icouldn’teatrichfood.AndIcouldonlyeatalittleandfrequent频繁的meals.Everyday,mymotherwentoutofherwayto47simplebutdeliciousfoodforme.Shetoldmethereweresomesickpeople48beatcancersuccessfully.Toour49,afteranotherCT,thedoctortoldmemytumor肿瘤gotmuchsmallerthanbefore,andIwasawayfromthe50ofcaner.Onthatday,Ihuggedmymotherandsmiledwithtears.41.A.waitingforB.lookingafterC.livingwithD.lookingfor42.A.poorB.richC.happyD.lonely43.A.chanceB.jobC.lifeD.hope44.A.learnedB.returnedC.graduatedD.started45.A.worriedB.sickC.sadD.unhappy46.A.hearB.believeC.seeD.care47.A.cookB.buyC.catchD.keep48.A.whomB.whatC.whichD.who49.A.sadnessB.happinessC.disappointmentD.embarrassment50.A.newsB.storyC.dangerD.Beginning【答案】41.C42.A43.D44.C45.B46.B47.A48.D49.B50.C考点：故事类短文。3.FarleyworkedfortheCanadiangovernment.Oneday,hewas__31__tolearnmoreaboutwolves.Dowolveskilllotsofcaribou（北美驯鹿）?Dotheykillpeople?Theygavehimlotsoffoodandclothesandguns.Thentheyputhimonaplaneandtookhimto__32__.Theplaneputhimdownandwentaway.Therewerenohousesorpeopleinthisplace.Buttherewerelotsofanimalsandlotsofwolves.Peopletellterriblestoriesaboutwolves.Theysaywolvesliketokillandeatpeople.Farleyrememberedthesestories,andhewas___33__.Hehadhisgunwithhim___34___.Thenoneday,hesawagroupofwolves.Therewasamotherwolfwithfourbabywolves.Afatherwolfandanotheryoungwolflivedwiththem.Farleywatchedthesewolveseveryday.Themotherwasavery__35__mother.Shegavemilktoherbabies.Shegavethemlessonsaboutlife.Theylearnedhowto__36__food.Thefatherwolfgotfoodforthemother.Theyoungwolf__37__thechildren.Theywereanice,happyfamily—wolffamily!Farleydidnotneedhis__38__anymore.Inashorttime,hegotonwellwiththefamily.Farleywatchedthemforfivemonths.Helearnedthatmanystoriesaboutthewolveswere__39__.Wolvesdonoteatpeople,andtheydonoteatmanylargeanimals.Andhealsolearnedbadthingsaboutmen.Itwasmenwhokilledmanycaribouandwolves.Later,Farleywroteabookaboutwolves.Hewantedpeopleto__40__themandnottokillthem.31.A.seen B.told C.heard D.found32.A.asmalltownB.abigcity C.afarplace D.alonelyvillage33.A.afraid B.happy C.angry D.tired34.A.attimes B.allthetime C.onceaweek D.everyafternoon35.A.bad B.good C.hungry D.thirsty36.A.cook B.make C.get D.pick37.A.shoutedat B.lookedinto C.laughedat D.playedwith38.A.food B.clothes C.gun D.plane39.A.notgood B.nottrue C.noteasy D.notclear40.A.grow B.have C.teach D.understand【答案】31.B32.C33.A34.B35.B36.C37.D38.C39.B40.D考点：故事类短文。4.Theteacherstoodbeforehisclassandwasgoingtohandoutthefinalexampapers.“Iknowhow16youhaveallworkedtoprepareforthistest,”hesaid.“AndbecauseIknowyoucandoitwell,Iamwillingto17aManystudentsjumpedupto18theteacherandlefttheclassroom.Theteacherlookedatthestudentsleftandsaid,“DoesanyoneelsewanttogetaB?Thisisyourlast19.”Twomorestudentsdecidedtogo.Sevenstudents20.Theteacherthenbegantohandoutthe21.Therewereonlythreesentencestypedonthepaper,“Congratulations!Youhavejust22anAinthisclass.Keepbelievinginyourself.”Ineverhadateacherlikethat,23Ithinkitisatestthatanyteachercouldandshouldgive.Studentswhoarenot24inThesameis25inreallife.TheAstudentsarethosewhobelieveinwhattheyaredoingbecausetheyhave26bothsuccessesandfailures.Theyhavelearnedlife’slessons,eitherfromnormaleducationorfromeventsintheirlives,andhavebecome27people.Scientistssaythatbytheageofeight,80%ofwhatwebelieveabout28hasalreadybeenformed.Youareabigkidnow,andyou29thatyouhavesomelimits.However,thereis30youcan’tdoorlearnorbe.SirEdmundHillary,thefirstpersontoreachthesummitofMountEverestsaid,“It’snotthemountainwefaceandconquerbutourselves.”16.A.luckilyB.terriblyC.quietlyD.hard17.A.offerB.passC.showD.take18.A.praiseB.fightC.thankD.attack19.A.chanceB.troubleC.testD.idea20.A.leftB.remainedC.cameD.arrived21.A.resultsB.presentsC.papersD.books22.A.givenB.sentC.discoveredD.received23.A.andB.butC.orD.so24.A.confidentB.strictC.interestedD.pleased25.A.unusualB.impossibleC.trueD.special26.A.brokenoutB.dreamedofC.learnedfromD.caredabout27.A.ruderB.cuterC.worseD.better28.A.themB.youC.ourselvesD.myself29.A.decideB.realizeC.forgetD.imagine30.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing【答案】16.D17.A18.C19.A20.B21.C22.D23.B24.A25.C26.C27.D28.C29.B30.D24.A考查形容词辨析。A.confident自信的；B.strict严格的；C.interested感兴趣的；D.pleased高兴的。据Iamwillingto17aBtoanyonewhowouldprefernottotakethetest.”且陆续有学生离开教室可知，该句句意：对所学到的东西不自信的学生充其量就是B等生，故正确答案为A.25.C考查形容词辨析。A.unusual不一般的；B.impossible不可能的；C.true真的；D.special特别的。根据上文和语境可知，该句句意应为：在真实的生活中同样是真的，故该题正确答案为C.考点：教育类短文。5.Wilsonwassixyearsold.Hegotsomemoneyfromhismothereveryweek.He46alotofthingsfromtheshops,buthedidn’tneedthemreally,andheputthem47.Onedayhismothergavehim48exercise-bookandsaid,“Now,Wilson,whenyoubuyanything,Iwantyou___49___itdownintheexercise-book,andwritedownhowmuchyouhavepaid50it,too.Thenyoucanlook51itagainwhenyourmoney’sgone,andyouwon’twasteso52___53__aweek,Wilsonsaidtohismother,“Doyouknow,Mum,beforeIspendanymoneynow,Ireallystopandthink!”Hismotherwasverypleasedandsaid,“Well,mydearsonhas__54__thevalueofmoneynow.”Buthewasn’tsohappywhenheheard,“Yes,Mum,beforeIbuyanything,Ialwaysask55,‘CanIspellthatwordinmyexercise-book?’”46.A.sold B.boughtC.took47.A.everywhereB.somewhereC.anywhere48.A.a B.an C./ 49.A.write B.writing C.towrite50.A.on B.for C.of 51.A.afterB.atC.over52.A.much B.many C.alotof53.A.LaterB.InC.After54.A.learn B.learning C.learned55.A.me B.my C.myself 【答案】46.B47.B48.B49.C50.B51.B52.A53.C54.C55.C考点：考查故事类短文。6.JoeSimpsonandSimonYateswerethefirstpeopletoclimbtheWestFaceoftheSiulaGrandeintheAndesmountains.Theyreachedthetop__41_____,butontheirwaybackconditionswerevery_42______.Joefellandbrokehisleg.TheybothknewthatifSimoncontinuedalone,hewouldprobablygetbacksafely.ButSimondecidedtoriskhis__43_____andtrytolowerJoedownthemountainonarope（绳）.Asthey__44_____down,theweathergotworse.Thenanother___45____happened.Theycouldn’tseeorheareachotherand,bymistake,Simonloweredhisfriendovertheedgeofaprecipice（峭壁）.Itwas___46____forJoetoclimbbackorforSimontopullhimup.Joe’s__47_____waspullingSimonslowlytowardstheprecipice.___48____,aftermorethananhour