河南专用2020版中考英语语法过关专题九动词的时态课件人教新目标版

专题九动词的时态考点一一般现在时考点突破考点六现在完成时考点二一般过去时考点三现在进行时考点四过去进行时考点五一般将来时考点一一般现在时考点突破一般现在时的构成及用法1.一般现在时的构成一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示,如果主语是第三人称单数,则在动词原形后

加-s或-es。Tomoftenhelpshisparentsdohouseworkathome.汤姆在家经常帮他的父母做家务。SometimesLucywashesherclothesherself.有时候,露西自己洗衣服。2.一般现在时的用法(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与usually,sometimes,oncea

week,everyday等表示频率的副词和短语连用。如:Ioftentakeabustoschool.我经常乘公共汽车去上学。(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理。如:Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球绕着太阳转。(3)在时间、条件等状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。如:Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon'tgotothepark.如果明天下雨,我们就不去公园了。WhenIgrowup,IwillgotoAmerica.等我长大后,我将去美国。(4)在某些以here,there开头的句子中用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。如:Herecomesabus.公交车来了。考点二一般过去时一般过去时的构成及用法1.一般过去时的构成一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。如:LastweekTommadeamodelplanewithhisfriendJack.上周汤姆和他的朋友杰克做了一个飞机模型。(1)动词过去式的规则变化在动词原形后加-edwork—worked以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-edcarry—carriedstudy—studied以e结尾的动词,直接加-dlive—lived以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-edstop—stoppedplan—planned(2)巧记不规则动词的变化规律①巧记ABB型不规则动词(A代表原形,BB代表过去式和过去分词)原形特征过去式过去分词例词-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-end-ent-entlend,spend,send-ay-aid-aidsay,pay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean原形特征过去式过去分词例词-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear,bear,tear-ow-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw-i--a--u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i--o--ndrive,rise②巧记ABC型不规则动词(A代表原形,B代表过去式,C代表过去分词)③巧记AAA型不规则动词(A代表原形、过去式和过去分词)2.一般过去时的用法(1)表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如:Igotupatsixthismorning.今天早上我六点起的床。Wevisitedthefactorylastweek.上周我们参观了那个工厂。击中受伤让吐痰使摆脱花费读放切hithurtletspitridcostreadputcut(2)表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。如:WhenIwasinthecountryside,Ioftenswamintheriver.当我在乡下时,我常常在河里游泳。注意:和一般过去时连用的时间状语有:lastnight,yesterday,lastweek,someyears

ago,in1995,inthepast,theotherday,atthattime,justnow等。考点三现在进行时1.现在进行时由“am/is/are+动词的现在分词”构成。否定形式:主语+am/is/are+not+动词的现在分词+其他.疑问形式:Am/Is/Are+主语+动词的现在分词+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+am/is/are.否定回答:No,主语+am/is/are+not.2.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。—Whatareyoudoing?你在干什么?—Iamwashingmycar.我在洗我的车。3.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。Thestudentsareworkingonthefarmthesedays.这些天学生们一直在农场劳动。4.当时间状语为now,thesedays等或当句子中含有look,listen,canyousee,can't

yousee之类的暗示词时,要使用现在进行时。但应注意下列动词一般不用于现在进行时:①感官动词,如:see,hear等。②表示喜欢或厌恶的动词,如:like,love,hate等。③表示希望的动词,如:want,wish,hope等。④表示状态的动词,如:lie(位于)等。⑤表示归属的动词,如:have,belong等。⑥表示思维、知识或理解能力的动词,如:know,think,forget等。考点四过去进行时1.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作,常和表示过去

的时间状语连用,如:then,atthattime,thistimeyesterday,attenyesterday等,或用另

一动作来表示过去的时间。—Whatwereyoudoingatthreeyesterdayafternoon?——昨天下午三点你在干什么?—Iwasplayingbasketballatthattime.——那时我在打篮球。Iwasreadingwhenmymothercamein.当我妈妈进来时,我正在看书。2.注意在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中,过去进行时的

使用。(1)主句中的动作先于从句中的动作发生,且进行的时间较长时,主句用过去进行

时(从句常用一般过去时)。(2)从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生,且进行的时间较长时,从句用过去进行

时(主句用一般过去时)。(3)若主、从句动作开始时间不存在先后关系(即同时发生)或无所谓先后时,

主、从句可同时使用过去进行时,此时的时间状语从句一般由while来引导。3.过去进行时与一般过去时的区别(1)过去进行时表示一个过去正在进行或持续而且可能尚未完成的动作,而一般

过去时表示一个过去已经完成的动作。如:Theybuiltabridgelastwinter.(已经建成了)他们去年冬天建了一座桥。Theywerebuildingabridgelastwinter.(可能还未建成)他们去年冬天在建一座桥。(2)表示状态、感觉及心理活动的动词(如:be,like,love,hate,fear,own,hear,see,

know,want,notice)可用于一般过去时,但通常不用于进行时。如:Ihateditwhenamanspokewithhismouthfulloffood.我讨厌一个人在说话时嘴里满口食物。(3)过去进行时常和always等频度副词连用,表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作,此

时的过去进行时带有一定的感情色彩。如:Jackwasalwayschanginghismind.杰克总是改变他的主意。考点五一般将来时1.一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,其结构是will+动词原形。常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如:tomorrow,nextweek,nextSaturday,in+时间段

等。TheywillleaveforBeijingnextweek.下周他们要去北京。Willyoubebackintwodays?你两天后会回来吗?当主语是I或we时,疑问句中一般使用shall,表示征求对方意见。Whereshallwemeettomorrow?明天我们在哪里见面?2.begoingto+动词原形,表示计划、打算做某事,表示已决定并且很可能发生的

事。Heisgoingtospeakontheradiothisevening.他计划今晚在电台上讲话。3.be+现在分词,表示将来。常用这种结构的动词有:go,come,leave,arrive,start,begin等,表示即将发生或安排

好要做的事情。WeareleavingforShanghai.我们就要动身去上海了。Thebusiscoming.公共汽车就要来了。4.“beto+动词原形”结构表示即将发生的动作。AudreyandJimmyaretobemarriedinJune.奥德丽和吉米将在六月份结婚。5.用一般现在时表示将来的情况。(1)表示按规定或时间表预计将发生的动作。We'releavingforKunming.Ourplanetakesoffat8:30.我们要去昆明了。我们的飞机八点半起飞。(2)在含有if,assoonas,until,when等引导的状语从句的主从复合句中,当主句为一般将来时时,从句用一般现在时表示将来。Ifitdoesn'trainthisafternoon,we'llhaveabasketballmatch.如果今天下午不下雨,我们将举行一场篮球比赛。注意:在下面几种情况下只可用will/shall表示将来,而不可以用begoingto结构:①表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时。Willyoupleaselendmeyourbike?请你把自行车借给我用一下好吗?②表示带有意愿色彩的时候。I'llcheckthisletterforyou,ifyouwant.你要是愿意,我会给你查查这封信的。③表示单纯性的将来,与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。Thesunwillriseat6:00tomorrowmorning.明天早上太阳将在六点升起。考点六现在完成时现在完成时的构成及用法1.现在完成时的构成由“have/has+动词的过去分词”构成。2.现在完成时的用法(1)表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如:—Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?——你完成家庭作业了吗?—Yes,Ihavejustfinishedit.——是的,我刚完成。Ihavelostmykey.我把钥匙丢了。—Haveyoufoundyourlostkeyyet?——你找到你丢失的钥匙了吗?—No,Ihaven'tfoundityet.——没有,我还没有找到它。注意:already,yet常和现在完成时连用。already用于肯定句中,可放在助动词之

后、过去分词之前,也可放在句末;yet用在疑问句或否定句中,通常放在句末。(2)表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还要持续下去,常和“for+

时间段”或“since+时间点”连用,表示持续的动作或状态,多用延续性动词。MrZhanghastaughtEnglishfor20years.张老师已经教了20年英语了。用句型“Itis+时间段+since从句(从句的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式)”

表示。Itistwoyearssincetheoldmandied.这个老人去世两年了。(3)延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,而与一段时间连用

时应注意句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可以和一段时间

连用。非延续性动词延续性动词buyhaveborrowkeepopenbeopenclosebeclosedbegin/startbeoncomebeheregobetherefinishbeoverdiebedeadcatchacoldhaveacoldputonweargetupbeupwakeupbeawakefallasleepbeasleeplosenothavejoinbeinleavebeawayarrive/reachbe3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时强调的是过去的动作对现在的影响,它和现在有密切的联系。一般

过去时强调的是动作发生的时间、地点,不涉及对现在的影响。如:YesterdayIwenttothepark.昨天我去了公园。LiLihasreadthebook.李莉已经看过这本书了。4.havebeento,havegoneto和havebeeninhavebeento,havegoneto和havebeenin是现在完成时很常用的三个结构,但它

们的用法差异很大。havebeento表示“过去曾去过某地”,说话时已不在该地

了;havegoneto表示“已去了某地”,说话时已不在说话的地点;havebeenin表示“已在某地(待了多久)”。如:TomhasgonetoLondonwithhisparents.汤姆已经和他父母去了伦敦。HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?你曾经去过北京吗?MarkhasbeeninChinaforthreeyears.马克已经在中国待了三年了。一、单句填空1.(2019河南)—Jim,couldyoupleaseanswerthequestion?—Sorry,Iwasn'tlistening

(listen).Couldyousayitagain?2.(2019北京)Samskates

(skate)withhisfriendseveryweekend.3.(2019北京)—Tom,what'syourdaddoing?—Heisrepairing

(repair)mybike.4.(2019北京)Ourschoollifehas

changedalotsince2017.Wehavemoreac-

tivitiesnow.中考题组5.(2019北京)IfyouwanttovisitthePalaceMuseum,Iwill

bookticketsfor

youtomorrow.6.(2019天津)—Whatisyourplanfornextweekend,Lingling?—Iam

goingtodovolunteerworkinthemuseum.7.(2019天津)Whilethelightswere

changingtored,acarsuddenlyappeared

roundthecorner.8.(2019江苏南京)—Wendy,howlonghaveyouhadtheHuaweiP30Pro?—Acoupleofdays.Ibought

(buy)itlastweek.9.(2019重庆)Nextweek,eachstudentintheclasswill

receiveasmallgiftfromtheirteachers.10.(2019湖北武汉)She'sbroughtyousomeeggs.Asyouknow,shekeeps

(keep)chickens.11.(2019江西)—Hurryup!—Onemoment.Iamreading

(read)mye-mailsandthenI'mreadytogo.12.(2019广东)Myfatherhas

workedinapandaprotectioncenterfor10years,

soheknowsalotaboutpandas.13.(2019福建)—Look!Mymotherhasmade

(make)anewdressforme.—Wow,itlooksveryniceonyou.14.(2019安徽)—It'stenyearssincewecamehere.—Howtimeflies!Wehaveworked

(work)inChinaforsolong.15.(2019吉林)It‘s9:00inthemorningnow.ThestudentsfromGradeNineare

having

(have)animportantexam.16.(2019江苏苏州)Amonwas

sailinghisshipinabigstormwhenagiantfish

cameoutofthesea.17.(2019甘肃兰州)Peterwithhisclassmateswas

waitingforthebuswhenthe

earthquakehappened.18.(2019河北)Itis

raining.Pleasetakeanumbrellawithyou,Annie.19.(2019河北)Hetold

(tell)mehisname,butIcan'trememberitnow.20.(2019河北)Sorry,Ididn'tseeyou,becauseIwas

drawingapicture.21.(2019四川成都)Bequiet!Thestudentsare

takinganEnglishexam.22.(2019湖南长沙)—Ican'tfindSarah.Whereisshe?—Sheis

preparingfortomorrow'sXingchengCupspeakingcompetitionat

home.23.(2019广西南宁)—Iwenttoyourofficeat9:00yesterdaymorning,butyouwere

notin.—Sorry,Iwastalking

(talk)withthemanagerinthemeetingroomatthattime.24.(2019内蒙古呼和浩特)TheshopinWANDAPLAZAhas

beenopenfor

sixyears,butIhaven't

beentheresofar.25.(2019浙江温州)—Linda,Dadhasfinishedhisworkandweare

drivingto

thegymtopickyouup.—Thankyou,Mum.26.(2019海南)Davidfellfastasleepwhilehewasreading

(read)anewspaper.27.(2018河南)—Honey,whereareyou?—Iamcoming

(come).Justletmeputonmyshoes.28.(2018北京)Billlikesreading.Hereads

(read)picturebookswithhisdadev-eryevening.29.(2018天津)—Jerry,haveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?—Yes.Iwent

(go)therewithmyparentslastyear.30.(2018河北)Garyisthebestsingerinmyclass.Nooneelsesings

(sing)so

well.31.(2018广东)—Isawthelightofyourroomwasstillonattwoo'clocklastnight.—Oh,Iwas

watchingafootballmatchoftheRussiaWorldCup.32.(2018山东青岛)—It'stimetoworknow.—OK.I'llwakeCarlup.Hehas

beenasleepforanhour.33.(2017河南)—Paul,I'mbusycooking.Canyougivemeahand?—Justaminute.Iamchecking

(check)mye-mail.二、语篇填空(2020河南中考预测)阅读短文,从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文意思通顺、完

整。每空限填一词,每词限用一次。itremindoutancientwithhardtranslatemain

butuseTherearemanypopularwordsthatarecreatedfromtheInternetandpeopleliketousethenetworklanguage,becauseitissimpleandfunny.Recently,WuYishu,a

teenagegirl,wontheChinese1

PoetryCompetition,whichcaughtthepublic's

attention.Itseemsthatshe2

peoplethereturnofancientpoetry.

Chineseancientpoetryisbeautifulandprofound(博大精深的).ThereasonwhywemissNobelPrizeinLiteratureistranslation,becauseitis3

totranslatethe

beautyofthelanguage.WhenChinesepoetryis4

intoEnglish,mostonlyre-

mainthe5

idea.Thelossoftheartisticconceptmakesthepoetrylose6

charm.Theyoungpeoplegetusedto7

theInternetlanguage,andmostofthemhave

forgottenthecharmofancientlanguage,8

itselegancewon'tfadeaway.9

morepeoplestartingtorealizethecharmofancientpoetry,thedesiretousethe

beautifullanguagewillberecalled.Indeed,Chinesecultureisprofoundandrich.

Theclassicpoetryreflectsthehistory.Inthefastpaceoflifestyle,theancientlan-guagewon'tbekicked10

,whichstandsforthenationaltreasure.1.Ancient

2.reminds

3.hard

4.translated

5.main

6.its

7.using

8.but

9.With

10.out

一、单句填空1.(2019河南郑州一模)—DidLucyknowtheresultoftheschoolfootballmatch?—Idon'tthinkso.She

was

talkingonthephoneattheendofthematch.2.(2019河南省实验中学一模)Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseremaininyourseats,

fastenyourseatbeltandbringyourseatback.Theplane

is

takingoff.3.(2019河南新乡一模)—Ihavealreadyboughtanewcar.—Whenandwhere

did

youbuyit?4.(2019河南洛阳一模)TheEnglishprogramFamily

Album

USAisverywell-made.模拟题组Ihave

seen

(see)ittwicealready.5.(2019河南开封一模)—Helen,wouldyouliketoseeThe

Wondering

Earthwith

ustomorrow?—It'sawonderfulfilm,butI

have

watcheditandIwanttoseePegasus(《飞

驰人生》).6.(2019河南安阳一模)—Honey,couldyoupleasehelpmeanswerthephone?—Sorry,Iam

taking

(take)ashowerinthebathroom.7.(2019河南焦作一模)—Amy,canwegiveawaytheseoldsofttoys?We

have

hadthemformanyyears.—Mom,butIwanttokeepthebear.8.(2019河南焦作一模)—HaveyouwatchedthenewmovieThe

Wandering

Earth?—Notyet.I

will

watchitwithmycousinthisweek.9.(2019河南许昌一模)We

have

beeninthisschoolforthreeyears.It'stimeto

graduate,weshouldthankourteachersforwhatthey

have

doneforus.10.(2019河南商丘一模)—Didyoutellyourmothertheresult?—Oh,no,Iforgot.I

will

callhernow.11.(2019河大附中一模)—Couldyoutellmewhathesaidjustnow?—Sorry,Iwas

thinking

(think)aboutwhatIwoulddotomorrow.12.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大联考)—Haveyouseenmybrother,Tim?—Yes.He

is

washinghiscarbehindthebuilding.13.(2019河南新乡二模)—Mum,whereismydictionary?—Oh,Ididn'tseeit,either.I'mafraidyouhave

lost

(lose)it.14.(2019河南平顶山二模)—What'swrongwithyourdress?—Nothingmuch.JustnowwhenIwantedtogetoffthebus,thewomannexttome

was

sitting

(sit)onit.15.(2018河南开封一模)—Doyouhavetoplaythemusicsoloud?Iwillhaveatest

tomorrow!—Sorry,I

didn't

knowyoucouldhearthat.16.(2018河南安阳一模)Toeveryone'ssur