湖南省怀化市2024-2025学年高二上学期期末质量检测英语试题【含答案解析】

机密★启用前2024年下学期高二期末质量检测英语本试卷共8页。全卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在本试卷和答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑，如有改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案；回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotomorrow?A.Takethetext.B.Havethehiking.C.Visitthemuseum.2.WhyisDavidlearningSpanish?A.Topasstheexam.B.Toprepareforthetrip.C.Tomakeafriend.3.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Talktotheboss.B.Reducetheclass.C.Changeajob.4.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Excited.B.Surprised.C.Worried.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Abreakonweekends.B.Askillforkillingthetime.C.Aplanforpreparingthemeals.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、Ｂ、Ｃ三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.WhatisEmily’srecenttopicinherpainting?A.Landscape.B.Sea.C.Garden.7.WhatdoesTomprobablydo?A.Ateacher.B.AGardener.C.Apainter.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.WhatdidAnnedoovertheweekend?A.Sheshotmanyphotos.B.Shetooksomeadventure.C.Sheattendedanartshow.9.WhatdidTomdiscoverinthecamerahebought?A.Anoldphoto.B.Anunknownnote.C.Anundevelopedfilm.10.Wheredidtheshopownerbuythecamera?A.Inacamerasale.B.Atanartfestival.C.Inasecond-handshop.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whendidtheprogramstart?A.4monthsago.B.6monthsago.C.10monthsago.12.Whatdidtheprogramoffer?A.Healthcourses.B.Sportsfacilities.C.Freemedicaltreatment.13.Whatwasakeyresultoftheprogram?A.Reducedcrimerates.B.Higherincomelevels.C.Increasedmentalwell-being.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.InChina.B.InItaly.C.IntheUS.15.WheredidLauragettheideaforherbookstore?A.Fromatrip.B.Fromherfriend.C.Fromanonlinestore.16.Howdocustomersfeelaboutthebookstore’sconcept?A.Confused.B.Unclear.C.Delighted.17.Howoftenwillthearteventbeheld?A.Everymonth.B.Everyweek.C.Everytwoweeks.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatisthespeaker?A.Aparentingexpert.B.Atidyingconsultant.C.Achildren’sbookauthor.19.WhatsurprisedMarieKondo’sfollowers?A.HervisittoChina.B.Herchangeinfocus.C.Hernewbookaboutchildren.20.WhatisMarieKondo’semphasisinorganizingspaces?A.Makinghappychoices.B.Havingaperfectspace.C.Acquiringmorecontainers.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AYouthSportsCoachYouthSports&Fitnessisseekingvolunteercoachesforyouthsoccerleaguesandthetrack&fieldprogram.DesiredQualificationsBasicknowledgeofsoccerandrunningisrequired.Applicantsmustberesponsible,trustworthy,andwillingtoputforthagoodeffort.Specificeducationalbackgroundsorpriorexperienceisnotamust.Andphysicalconditionshouldbesufficienttoengageinsoccer-relatedactivities,butexcellentathleticismisnotnecessary.ApplicationPleasedownload,completeandsubmitthefollowingtoemccaslin@.Ifyouhavequestions,contactErinviae-mailorphoneat425-452-4627.★VolunteerApplication:pleaseincludethenameoftheleagueorprogramforwhichyouwouldliketovolunteer.★BackgroundChecks:pleaseincludethefollowinginformationinyourapplicationemailsowecanrunabackgroundcheckthroughEmployersChoiceScreening.(Yourfullname/Yourcellphonenumber/Youre-mailaddress/Awaiverofliability(免责声明))PS:Iftheapplicantisunder18,aparentmustsignonyourwaiverofliability.SelectionProcedures★Applicationpaperworkisprocessed.★Applicantsselectedwillbeinformedviae-mailfollowingaclearedbackgroundcheck.★Selectedapplicantswillreceiveon-sitetraining.1.WhatfeaturesofapplicantsdoesYouthSports&Fitnessfindvaluable?A.Richcoachingexperience. B.Majoringinsports.C.Astrongsenseofresponsibility. D.Excellentphysicalfitness.2.Whatmustapplicantsprovideintheirapplication?A.Thecontactinformation. B.Thecoachingcertification.C.Aletterofrecommendation. D.Awaiverofliabilitysignedbyaparent.3.Howcanapplicantslearnaboutthelatestapplicationresult?A.Bycontactingtheclub. B.Bycheckingtheiremail.C.Byphoningat425-452-4627. D.Byvisitingemccaslin@.【答案】1.C2.A3.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了YouthSports&Fitness招募青年足球联赛和田径项目志愿者教练的信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据DesiredQualifications部分中“Applicantsmustberesponsible,trustworthy,andwillingtoputforthagoodeffort.(申请人必须有责任感、值得信赖，并且愿意付出努力)”可知，该组织看重申请人是否有强烈的责任感。故选C项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Application部分中“★BackgroundChecks:pleaseincludethefollowinginformationinyourapplicationemailsowecanrunabackgroundcheckthroughEmployersChoiceScreening.(Yourfullname/Yourcellphonenumber/Youremailaddress/Awaiverofliability(免责声明))(★背景调查：请在申请邮件中包含以下信息，以便我们通过雇主选择筛选进行背景调查。(你的全名/你的手机号码/你的电子邮件地址/免责声明))”可知，申请人必须提供联系方式。故选A项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据SelectionProcedures部分中“★Applicantsselectedwillbeinformedviaemailfollowingaclearedbackgroundcheck.(★通过背景调查后，被选中的申请人将通过电子邮件得到通知)”可知，申请人可以通过查看他们的电子邮件了解最新的申请结果。故选B项。BNearlyadecadeago,ayounggirlinKerala,aruralareainIndia,wasfascinatedbytheworldofmotorsports.Theexcitementofspeedandtheprecisionofcontrollightedadreamthatwouldsoonmakehistory.Thatgirl,SalvaMarjan,transformedherfascinationintoalifelongambition.Salva’sjourneyintotheworldofformularacingbeganwithFormulaLGB,apopularentry-levelracingseries.HerdriveandcommitmentquicklyqualifiedherfortheF4IndianChampionshipin2023,whereshemadehermarkwithanimpressiveperformance.Thatsameyear,shealsocompetedintheF4UAEChampionship.Recognizingtheneedforadvancedtrainingandgreateropportunities,SalvarecentlymovedtotheUnitedArabEmirates.Here,sheisperfectingherskillsandworkinghardforhernextbigchallenge:theFormula1Academy.Salva’spathtosuccesshasbeenanythingbutsmooth.ThehighcostsassociatedwithF4trainingposedasignificantbarrier.Whileherfamilyremainedsupportive,theyfacedcriticismfromothersintheircommunity.Societalnormsresultedinpeoplegivingunwantedadviceonhowgirlsshouldactandavoidrisks.However,Salva’sparentsneverhesitatetostandbyher.“Theywerelecturedonhowtobringupgirlsandhowgirlsweresupposedtotakeupsuchrisksorbeindependent.Myparentsneverdifferentiatedbetweenusbasedonourgender.”Salvaproudlysaid.Inasporttraditionallydominatedbymen,Salvaisawareofthechallengeswomenface.Thephysicaldemandsareindeedunbearable,withthetemperatureinsidearacingcaroftenclimbingto40℃.Thebraking(刹车)pressurecanrangefrom60to100kg.Shehasexperiencedcrashesanddisappointingperformancesinsomeraces.Thereweremomentswhensheconsideredgivingup,butherpassionforracingalwayspulledherback.Today,SalvaMarjanisthebrandambassador(大使)forNextLevelRacing,abrandthatpartiallysponsorshertrainingexpenses.Salva’sultimategoalistorepresentIndiainFormula1,inspiringthenextgenerationofwomenracers.4.WhatpushedSalvatosettleintheUAE?A.Herhopeofqualificationforsportscars.B.HerdesiretodowellintheF1Academy.C.HerexpectationofadvertisingFormulaLGB.D.Herwishtowatchanimpressiveperformance.5.WhatcanbeinferredaboutSalva’sparentsinParagraph3?A.They’rebrave. B.They’rediscouraged.C.They’reworried. D.They’rehesitant.6.WhatlessoncanwelearnfromSalva’sstory?A.Wellbegunishalfdone. B.It’snevertoolatetolearn.C.Hewholaughslastlaughslongest. D.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheFutureofFormulaRacingAmongWomenB.ThePowerofPassioninChallengingSportingEventsC.FromKeralatoFormula1:SalvaMarjan’sInspiringJourneyD.FromDreamstoReality:SalvaMarjanintheF4Championship【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲的是印度喀拉拉邦的一个年轻女孩SalvaMarjan如何克服困难，追求赛车梦想的故事。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的句子“Recognizingtheneedforadvancedtrainingandgreateropportunities,SalvarecentlymovedtotheUnitedArabEmirates.Here,sheisperfectingherskillsandworkinghardforhernextbigchallenge:theFormula1Academy.(认识到需要高级培训和更多机会，Salva最近搬到了阿拉伯联合酋长国。在这里，她正在完善自己的技能，并努力迎接下一个重大挑战：一级方程式比赛。)”可知，Salva认识到需要更高级的训练和更多的机会，要为下一个挑战（一级方程式比赛）做准备，可得出Salva定居在阿联酋是为了在一级方程式比赛表现出色。故选B项。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的句子“Whileherfamilyremainedsupportive,theyfacedcriticismfromothersintheircommunity.Societalnormsresultedinpeoplegivingunwantedadviceonhowgirlsshouldactandavoidrisks.However,Salva’sparentsneverhesitatetostandbyher.“Theywerelecturedonhowtobringupgirlsandhowgirlsweresupposedtotakeupsuchrisksorbeindependent.Myparentsneverdifferentiatedbetweenusbasedonourgender.”Salvaproudlysaid.(虽然她的家人仍然支持她，但他们面临着社区其他人的批评。社会规范导致人们对女孩应该如何行事和避免风险给出不必要的建议。然而，Salva的父母毫不犹豫地支持她。“他们被教导如何抚养女孩，以及女孩应该如何承担风险或独立。我的父母从来没有因为性别而区别对待我们。”Salva自豪地说。)”可知，尽管家庭支持她，但社区里有人批评他们如何教育女儿，认为女孩不应冒险或独立。但Salva的父母从未因性别而区别对待女儿，始终支持她。所以可以推断父母是勇敢的，面对批评仍然坚持支持女儿。故选A项。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段的句子“Salva’spathtosuccesshasbeenanythingbutsmooth.ThehighcostsassociatedwithF4trainingposedasignificantbarrier.Whileherfamilyremainedsupportive,theyfacedcriticismfromothersintheircommunity.Societalnormsresultedinpeoplegivingunwantedadviceonhowgirlsshouldactandavoidrisks.(Salva的成功之路绝非一帆风顺。与F4培训相关的高成本构成了一个重大障碍。虽然她的家人仍然支持她，但他们面临着社区其他人的批评。社会规范导致人们对女孩应该如何行事和避免风险给出不必要的建议)”和第四段的句子“Inasporttraditionallydominatedbymen,Salvaisawareofthechallengeswomenface.Thephysicaldemandsareindeedunbearable,withthetemperatureinsidearacingcaroftenclimbingto40℃.Thebraking(刹车)pressurecanrangefrom60to100kg.Shehasexperiencedcrashesanddisappointingperformancesinsomeraces.Thereweremomentswhensheconsideredgivingup,butherpassionforracingalwayspulledherback.(在一项传统上由男性主导的运动中，Salva意识到女性面临的挑战。赛车对身体的要求确实是难以忍受的，赛车内部的温度经常攀升到40℃。制动压力可以从60到100公斤。她在一些比赛中经历了撞车和令人失望的表现。她曾经考虑过放弃，但她对赛车的热情总是把她拉回来。)”可知，Salva克服经济困难、社会偏见和生理挑战，最终接近梦想，体现了“有志者事竟成”的精神。故选D项。【7题详解】主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是Salva从印度喀拉拉邦起步，逐步迈向F1的励志旅程。选项C“FromKeralatoFormula1:SalvaMarjan’sInspiringJourney(从喀拉拉邦到一级方程式：SalvaMarjan的鼓舞人心的旅程)”既涵盖起点与目标，又突出“激励”主题，最贴切。故选C项。CIfyouareaperfectionist,youareprobablyfamiliarwiththefeelingofwantingtogeteverythingjustright.Youmaybeinvolvedinhandinginpapers,overthinkingoverprojectsatwork,andevenworryaboutsmallerrorsfromthepast.Accordingtoresearchers,perfectionistsholdthemselvestounrealisticallyhighstandardsandbecomeself-critical(自我批判)iftheybelievetheyhaven’tmetthesestandards.Perfectionistsarealsolikelytofeelguiltandshameiftheyexperiencefailures,whichoftenleadsthemtoavoidsituationswheretheyareworriedtheymightfail.AmandaRuggeri,writingaboutperfectionismforBBCFuture,explains,“Whenperfectionistsdon’tsucceed,theydon’tjustfeeldisappointmentabouthowtheydid.Theyfeelshameaboutwhotheyare.”Althoughmanypeopleseethepursuit(追求)ofexcellenceasagoodthing,researchershavefoundthattothecertaindegree,perfectionismisactuallylinkedtolowermentalhealth.Inonestudy,researchersanalyzedhowperfectionismwasrelatedtomentalhealthacrosspreviousstudies.Theylookedatatotalof284studiesandfoundthatperfectionismwasassociatedwithdepression,anxietyandeatingdisorders.Theyalsofoundthatpeoplehigherinperfectionismalsoreportedhigherlevelsofoverallpsychologicaldistress.Isperfectionismalwaysharmful?Psychologistshavedebatedthispoint,withsomesuggestingthattherecanbesuchathingasadaptiveperfectionism,inwhichpeopleholdthemselvestohighstandardswithoutinvolvinginself-criticismovermistakestheymake.Someresearchershavesuggestedthatahealthierformofperfectionisminvolvespursuinggoalsbecauseyouwantto,andnotblamingyourselfifyoufailtomeetagoal.However,otherresearcherssuggestthatperfectionismisnotadaptive:accordingtotheseresearchers,perfectionismismorethanjustholdingyourselftohighstandards,andtheydon’tthinkperfectionismisbeneficial.Sinceperfectionismisassociatedwithnegativeoutcomes,whatcansomeonewithperfectionisttendenciesdotochangetheirbehavior?Althoughpeoplearesometimeshesitanttogiveuptheirperfectionisttendencies,psychologistspointoutthatgivinguponperfectiondoesn’tmeanbeinglesssuccessful.Infact,becausemistakesareanimportantpartoflearningandgrowing,embracingimperfectioncanactuallyhelpusinthelongrun.8.Whatisacommonstruggleforperfectionists?A.Theyalwaysletgoofpastmistakes.B.Theyrarelyexperiencefeelingsofshame.C.Theyoftenfeelshamewhenhavingfailures.D.Theyhaveagoodtimeenjoyingtheirsuccess.9.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Thedefinitionofperfectionism. B.Thepurposeoftheresearch.C.Theprocessofthestudy. D.Theharmofperfectionism.10.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?A.Allpsychologistsagreethatperfectionismisbeneficial.B.Psychologistsagreethatperfectionismisalwaysharmful.C.Somepsychologiststhinkthere’saharmlesstypeofperfectionism.D.Thedebateaboutperfectionismcanbecompletelyremoved.11.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofperfectionism?A.Objective. B.Unclear. C.Doubtful. D.Unrealistic.【答案】8.C9.D10.C11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了完美主义者的表现、完美主义对心理健康的危害，心理学家对此的不同观点，以及应对完美主义倾向的建议。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Perfectionistsarealsolikelytofeelguiltandshameiftheyexperiencefailures,whichoftenleadsthemtoavoidsituationswheretheyareworriedtheymightfail.(如果完美主义者经历失败，他们也很可能会感到内疚和羞愧，这常常导致他们避免那些他们担心自己可能会失败的情况)”可知，完美主义者在失败时经常会感到羞愧。故选C项。【9题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Althoughmanypeopleseethepursuit(追求)ofexcellenceasagoodthing,researchershavefoundthattothecertaindegree,perfectionismisactuallylinkedtolowermentalhealth.(虽然很多人认为追求卓越是一件好事，但研究人员发现，在一定程度上，完美主义实际上与较低的心理健康水平有关)”以及后文列举的完美主义与抑郁、焦虑和饮食失调等的关联可知，第二段主要讲了完美主义的危害。故选D项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Isperfectionismalwaysharmful?Psychologistshavedebatedthispoint,withsomesuggestingthattherecanbesuchathingasadaptiveperfectionism,inwhichpeopleholdthemselvestohighstandardswithoutinvolvinginself-criticismovermistakestheymake.Someresearchershavesuggestedthatahealthierformofperfectionisminvolvespursuinggoalsbecauseyouwantto,andnotblamingyourselfifyoufailtomeetagoal.(完美主义总是有害的吗？心理学家对这一点进行了争论，一些人认为可能存在适应性完美主义，即人们对自己要求很高，但不会对自己犯的错误进行自我批评。一些研究人员认为，更健康的完美主义形式包括追求目标，因为你想要这样做，如果你没有达到目标，也不要责怪自己)”可知，一些心理学家认为存在一种更健康的完美主义形式，即追求目标，但如果没有达到目标，也不责怪自己。由此推知，一些心理学家认为有一种无害的完美主义。故选C项。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Althoughmanypeopleseethepursuit(追求)ofexcellenceasagoodthing,researchershavefoundthattothecertaindegree,perfectionismisactuallylinkedtolowermentalhealth.(虽然很多人认为追求卓越是一件好事，但研究人员发现，在一定程度上，完美主义实际上与较低的心理健康水平有关)”可知，作者指出了完美主义的危害；根据第三段中“Psychologistshavedebatedthispoint,withsomesuggestingthattherecanbesuchathingasadaptiveperfectionism,inwhichpeopleholdthemselvestohighstandardswithoutinvolvinginselfcriticismovermistakestheymake.(心理学家们一直在争论这一点，一些人认为存在适应性完美主义，即人们对自己要求很高，但不会因自己犯的错误而进行自我批判)”可知，作者也提到了可能存在无害的完美主义类型；又根据最后一段中“Althoughpeoplearesometimeshesitanttogiveuptheirperfectionisttendencies,psychologistspointoutthatgivinguponperfectiondoesn’tmeanbeinglesssuccessful.(然人们有时会犹豫是否要放弃他们的完美主义倾向，但心理学家指出，放弃完美并不意味着不那么成功)”可知，作者指出放弃完美并不意味着不那么成功。作者对完美主义者的介绍整体保持中立立场，没有带入个人观点，由此可推知，作者对完美主义的看法是客观的。故选A项。DHunter-gathererchildrenintheCongoBasinhaveoftenlearnedhowtohunt,identifyeatableplantsandcareforbabiesbytheageofsixorseven.Thisrapidlearningisshapedbyauniquesocialenvironmentwhereculturalknowledgeispasseddownnotjustfromparentsbutfromabroadercommunity,accordingtoanewWashingtonStateUniversity-ledstudy.Theresearchhelpsexplainhowmanyculturalfeatureshavebeenpreservedforthousandsofyearsamonghunter-gatherergroupsacrossawiderangeofnaturalenvironmentsinAfrica.“Wefocusonhunter-gatherersbecausethiswayoflifecharacterized99%ofhumanhistory,”saidBarryHewlett,aprofessorofanthropologyatWSUandleadauthorofthestudy.“Ourbodiesandmindsareadaptedtothisintimate(亲密的),smallgroupliving.Byexamininghowchildreninthesesocietieslearn,weintendtouncoverthemechanismsthathaveallowedhumanstoadapttodiverseenvironmentsacrosstheglobe.”Forthestudy,Hewlettandcolleaguesexamineninedifferentmodesofculturaltransmission(传递)inhunter-gatherersocieties.Theiranalysisrevealsthatmembersrelatedtoachild’sextendedfamilyhavelikelyplayedagreaterroleintransmittingknowledgetochildrenthanpreviouslythought.Additionally,thestudyshowsabouthalfoftheculturalknowledgehunter-gathererchildrenandadolescentsacquirecomesfrompeopletheyarenotrelatedto.Thiscontrastswithpreviousstudiesonthetopicthathavemoreheavilyemphasizedtheknowledgeofparent-to-childtransmission.Thebroadinformallearningnetworkinhunter-gatherersocietiesismadepossiblebyintimatelivingconditions.Smallcamps,usuallyconsistingof25-35individualslivinginhomesafewfeetfromeachother,createanenvironmentwherechildrencanobserveandinteractwithawiderangeofpeople.Thisallowsthemtolearnessentialskills,includingcaringforinfantsandcookingaswellashuntingandgathering.Movingforward,Hewletthopesthatthisresearchoffersadeeperunderstandingofthenatureofsociallearninginhumansandhowculturesingeneralareconservedandchangeovertime.12.WhatistheaimofProfessorHewlett’sstudy?A.Toadvocatetheintimategroupliving.B.Torevealhowhumansadaptedtodiversity.C.Toshowtheimportanceofparent-childbond.D.Toexplorelivingconditionsofhunter-gatherers.13.Whatdopreviousstudieslayemphasisonaboutchildren’sknowledge?A.Knowledgefromtheirparents. B.Knowledgefromcommunitymembers.C.Knowledgefromhands-onpractice. D.Knowledgefromchildren’sdistantrelatives.14.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheatmosphereofhunter-gatherersocietycommunities?A.Coldandtense. B.Livelyandenergetic.C.Calmandrelaxed. D.Closeandinteractive.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Whatshapedhumandiversity? B.Whatledtoculturaltransmission?C.Howhunter-gatherersocietiesdeveloped? D.Howchildrenlearnedfor99%ofhumanhistory?【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了华盛顿州立大学主导的一项研究，探讨狩猎采集社会中儿童的学习方式，以及文化知识的传递机制。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中Hewlett教授的话“Byexamininghowchildreninthesesocietieslearn,weintendtouncoverthemechanismsthathaveallowedhumanstoadapttodiverseenvironmentsacrosstheglobe.(通过研究这些社会中儿童的学习方式，我们旨在揭示人类适应全球不同环境的机制)”可知，Hewlett教授的研究目的是揭示人类如何适应全球不同环境的机制，即人类是如何适应全球不同环境的。故选B项。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thiscontrastswithpreviousstudiesonthetopicthathavemoreheavilyemphasizedtheknowledgeofparenttochildtransmission.(这与之前关于该主题的研究形成对比，之前的研究更强调亲子之间的知识传递)”可知，以前的研究强调亲子之间的知识传递，即孩子们从父母那里获得知识。故选A项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“Thebroadinformallearningnetworkinhunter-gatherersocietiesismadepossiblebyintimatelivingconditions.

Smallcamps,usuallyconsistingof25-35individualslivinginhomesafewfeetfromeachother,createanenvironmentwherechildrencanobserveandinteractwithawiderangeofpeople.(在狩猎采集社会中，亲密的生活条件使广泛的非正式学习网络成为可能。小营地通常由25到35个人组成，他们的住所彼此相距只有几英尺，这样的环境让孩子们可以观察并与各种各样的人互动)”可知，在狩猎采集社会社区里，人们距离很近，孩子们可以观察并与各种各样的人互动。由此可知，其氛围是亲密且互动性强的。故选D项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“HuntergathererchildrenintheCongoBasinhaveoftenlearnedhowtohunt,identifyeatableplantsandcareforbabiesbytheageofsixorseven.(刚果盆地的狩猎采集社会的儿童通常在六七岁时就学会了如何狩猎、识别可食用的植物以及照顾婴儿)”、第二段中“Wefocusonhuntergatherersbecausethiswayoflifecharacterized99%ofhumanhistory(我们关注狩猎采集者，因为这种生活方式占据了人类历史的99%)”、第三段中“Forthestudy,Hewlettandcolleaguesexamineninedifferentmodesofculturaltransmission(传递)inhunter-gatherersocieties.(在这项研究中，Hewlett和同事们研究了狩猎采集社会中九种不同的文化传播模式)”和最后一段“Movingforward,Hewletthopesthatthisresearchoffersadeeperunderstandingofthenatureofsociallearninginhumansandhowculturesingeneralareconservedandchangeovertime.(展望未来，Hewlett希望这项研究能更深入地了解人类社会学习的本质，以及文化是如何随着时间的推移而保存和变化的)”可知，狩猎采集社会占据了人类历史时长的99%，文章介绍了一项关于狩猎采集社会中儿童的学习方式和文化知识传递机制的研究。故D项“Howchildrenlearnedfor99%ofhumanhistory?(在人类历史99%的时间里孩子们是如何学习的？)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Lifeisbusy.We’realwaysexpectedtobeproductiveandengaged,whetherthat’swithparenting,householdchores,orwork.Whiletakingtimeforsmallrewardscanfeellikealuxury(奢侈),thetruthisthatitisessentialforimprovingourmentalhealth.___16___Itinvolvesstrategicplanning.Here’showtouseiteffectivelyindailylife.Identifymeaningfulrewards.___17___Soyouaresuretochoosetreatsthattrulymakeyouhappyandcontributepositivelytoyoursenseofwell-being.Thiscouldbeenjoyingacupofyourfavoritecoffee,spendingtimeonahobbyyoulove,ortakingabriefwalkoutdoors.Bychoosingrewardsthatmatchyourpreferences,youcanenhanceyoursatisfactionandmotivationindailylife.___18___MakesureyourtreatsdependoncompletingparticulartasksorreachingcertaingoalsHavingadirectlinkbetweenthegoalortaskandthetreatgivesyoumoresupporttoengageinthebehavioryou’reaimingtoachieve.Thisconnectionhelpsstrengthenpositivehabitsandmotivatesprogress.Practicemoderation(适度).Itwouldbenicetorewardyourselfforeverythingyoudo.___19___Ifyourewardyourselftoooften,itbecomesanexpectationratherthanatreat.Additionally,rewardsshouldn’tleadtostress,likeoverspendingonthingsthatburdenyourbudget.Ensureyourrewardsaretrulybeneficial.Takeamomenttoreflectonwhatyou’veachieved.___20___Ifnecessary,adjustyourapproachtostrengthenyourgoalsortasks.Additionally,considerhowtheserewardscontributetoyourprogressandmotivation,helpingyoustayontracktowardyourgoals.A.Valuelittlemotivationalrewards.B.Notallrewardsarecreatedequal.C.Tierewardstospecificachievements.D.Giveyourselfrewardimmediatelyyoufinishyourwork.E.Andevaluatewhetheryourrewardsaretrulyhelpingyou.F.However,it’smoreeffectivetotreatyourselfoccasionally.G.Rewardingyourselfismorethanjustenjoyingrandomtreats.【答案】16G17.B18.C19.F20.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在忙碌生活中给自己奖励对改善心理健康很重要，并阐述了有效运用奖励机制的方法。【16题详解】上文“Whiletakingtimeforsmallrewardscanfeellikealuxury(奢侈),thetruthisthatitisessentialforimprovingourmentalhealth.(虽然花时间进行小小奖励感觉像是一种奢侈，但事实是，这对改善我们的心理健康至关重要)”提出奖励自己对改善我们的心理健康至关重要，下文“Itinvolvesstrategicplanning.Here’showtouseiteffectivelyindailylife.(它涉及策略规划。以下是如何在日常生活中有效运用它的方法)”说明给奖励自己并非随意为之，G选项“Rewardingyourselfismorethanjustenjoyingrandomtreats.(给自己奖励不仅仅是随意享受美食)”承上启下，说明奖励自己不能随意为之，需要策略规划，由上文的话题引出下文关于奖励需要规划和有效运用的内容，上下文逻辑连贯。故选G项。【17题详解】下文“Soyouaresuretochoosetreatsthattrulymakeyouhappyandcontributepositivelytoyoursenseofwell-being.(这样你一定要选择那些真正让你开心并对你的幸福感有积极贡献的奖励)”强调要选择真正让你开心并对你的幸福感有积极贡献的奖励，B选项“Notallrewardsarecreatedequal.(并非所有的奖励都是一样的)”表明奖励存在差异，与下文强调要选择真正有益的奖励构成因果关系。故选B项。【18题详解】下文“Makesureyourtreatsdependoncompletingparticulartasksorreachingcertaingoals.(确保你的奖励取决于完成特定的任务或达到特定的目标)”强调奖励与特定成就的关联，C选项“Tierewardstospecificachievements.(将奖励与特定的成就联系起来)”与下文内容一致，点明了该段落的主旨，适合作段首主题句。故选C项。【19题详解】上文“Itwouldbenicetorewardyourselfforeverythingyoudo.(为你所做的每件事都奖励自己会很不错)”和下文“Ifyourewardyourselftoooften,itbecomesanexpectationratherthanatreat.(如果你太频繁地奖励自己，它就会变成一种期望而不是一种奖励)”形成对比，F选项“However,it’smoreeffectivetotreatyourselfoccasionally.(然而，偶尔犒劳自己会更有效)”起到转折作用，引出下文关于过度奖励的弊端。故选F项。【20题详解】段首主题句“Ensureyourrewardsaretrulybeneficial.(确保你的奖励是真正有益的)”建议确保奖励有益，E选项“Andevaluatewhetheryourrewardsaretrulyhelpingyou.(并评估你的奖励是否真的对你有帮助)”与本段主题一致，提出评估奖励是否有帮助，同时引出下文“Ifnecessary,adjustyourapproachtostrengthenyourgoalsortasks.(如果有必要，调整你的方法来强化你的目标或任务)”的调整建议，上下文逻辑连贯。故选E项。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。MyEnglisheducationinschoolwaslimitedtojusttwohoursaweek—hardlyenoughtocoverthebasics.Myfirstconversationwithanativespeaker—aborderofficeratPearsonairport—wasa(n)___21___.Hespokefast,andIstruggledto___22___withhim.IhadtouseGoogleTranslatejusttomakeitthrough.Then,Ifoundworkinafast-foodrestaurant,butmyEnglishwasstillso___23___thatIcouldonlyaskbasicquestions,likehowmanyhoursI’dworkorwhatI’dget___24___.Afteramonth,mybosssuddenlytoldmeIwasnolongerneeded,thenpaidmeforonlyhalfthetimeI’dworked.Ididn’tknowhowto___25___myselfinEnglish.Everything___26___whenmyfriendssuggestedIuseChatGPTforquestionsandtranslations.Iquicklyrealizedthatitofferedmoreaccurate___27___thanGoogle.SoonIwasusingittoadjustmy___28___,pickuprelatedvocabularyandexpressmyideasmore___29___.Ievenlearnedtoformresponsestotrickyquestions.Myvocabulary____30____,andIbecamemorenaturalinEnglish.Ofcourse,ChatGPThaditsshortcomings.Sometimesthesuggestionswerestiff(生硬的)ordidn’t____31____likesomethingIwouldsay,soIediteditsresponsestomakethemsoundmorenaturaltoo.ChatGPThasalsobecomemygo-toforbridgingthe____32____ofculture.Whenafriend’shusbandpassedawayrecently,ChatGPT____33____tellingmyfriendthatIwassorryforherloss.Ithelpedmeunderstandthata(n)____34____remarklikethatwouldbeenough.Mynextbiggoalistoapplyforpermanent(永久的)residencyinCanada,whichmayrequirelearningFrenchtoearnenoughpoints.It’schallengingandalotofhardwork—butIhavea____35____weapon.21.A.association B.decline C.innovation D.disaster22.A.putup B.catchup C.makeup D.breakup23.A.limited B.delicate C.precise D.real24.A.trained B.understood C.paid D.encouraged25.A.reward B.impress C.defend D.prove26.A.changed B.wandered C.combined D.appeared27.A.concepts B.recordings C.answers D.structures28.A.ambition B.character C.clue D.tone29.A.rigidly B.gently C.distantly D.clearly30.A.expanded B.r