2024高考英语一轮复习课时提能练4Unit4Earthquakes新人教版必修1

-9-课时提能练(四)Unit4Earthquakes课时作业A：基础层面Ⅰ.语境语法填空ADuetothe1.destruction(destroy)oftheirnaturalhabitat,wildanimalsinthisareaarebeingendangered.Toavoidanyserious2.injury(injure)towildlife,anaturereservewasbuiltlastmonth.Ourlocalgovernmentreceivedmanylettersof3.congratulation(congratulate)fromallwalksoflife.Manypeopledonatedmoneyasan4.expression(express)ofappreciationandsupport.Accordingtoa5.judgment(judge)madebysomeexperts,thisreservewouldhavean6.extremely(extremely)positiveeffectonthelocaleco­system.BThelandslideleftthewholevillage7.inruins,whichwasagreatshocktous.Severalpeoplediedand8.anumberofthemweretrappedincollapsedhouses.Allfoodsupplieswere9.atanend.Thisdisastercouldhavebeenavoided,butthevillagersthoughtlittle10.oftherisk.Now,ledbythegovernment,thevillagersarecarryingoutself­helprecovery,digging11.outtheirbelongingsburiedinthemudandgettingbackthelostanimals.Thevillageisreturningtonormal.CSomestudents,mostofwhomaregirls,becometoostressed12.tosleep(sleep)wellthenightbeforeanimportantexam.However,13.allteachersarenotskilledathelpingthemstaycalmandrelaxed.Someteachersevencompletelyignorethisfactasifitnever14.existed(exist).Experiencedteacherswillsaysomethinglike“Youcandoit!You'rethebest.”Everywheretheyencounteranervousstudent，theseencouragingwordsdohelpbuilduphis/herconfidence.Ⅱ.语境短文改错依据P30课文内容，对下面材料进行修改。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。Dearstudent，Congratulations!WearepleasedtotellingyouthatyouhavewinthehighschoolspeakingcompetitionaboutnewTangshan.Yourspeechwasheardbythegroupoffivejudges,allofwhoagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.Yourparentsandyourschoolshouldbeproudyou!Ourofficewouldliketohaveyouspeakinginthenewpark,whichwillhonorthosethatwerediedintheterribledisaster.Whatyouknow,thisisthedaywhenthequakehappenedthirtyyearsbefore.Weinviteyoutobringyourfamilyandfriendsonthatspeciallyday.[答案]Dearstudent，Congratulations!Wearepleasedtoeq\f(telling,tell)youthatyouhaveeq\f(win,won)thehighschoolspeakingcompetitionaboutnewTangshan.Yourspeechwasheardbyeq\f(the,a)groupoffivejudges,allofeq\f(who,whom)agreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.Yourparentsandyourschoolshouldbeproudeq\o(\s\up12(∧),of)you!Ourofficewouldliketohaveyoueq\f(speaking,speak)inthenewpark,whichwillhonorthosethatdiedintheterribledisaster.eq\f(What,As)youknow,thisisthedaywhenthequakehappenedthirtyyearseq\f(before,ago).Weinviteyoutobringyourfamilyandfriendsonthateq\f(specially,special)day.Ⅲ.依据提示补全句子1．我正在街上走着，突然听到有人叫我的名字。(bedoing...when)IwaswalkingalongthestreetwhenIheardmynamecalled.2．我同意你所说的大部分内容，但是我并不同意全部内容。(部分否定)Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon'tagreewitheverything．3．噪音好像是从楼下传过来的。(asif)Itseemsasifthenoisecomesfromdownstairs.4．正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。(as)Theairqualityinthecity,asisshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.5．他的房子着火了，因为他让厨房炉灶燃烧着就出去了。(leave复合结构)Hishousecaughtfire,becausehewentoutbutleftthestoveburninginthekitchen.课时作业B：实力层面Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2024·新疆维吾尔自治区适应性检测)Super­stormSandyslammedintotheeasternUnitedStatesthreeyearsago.Thewind­drivenwatercausedalotofflooding,especiallyintheregion'ssubwaysystem.Nowtwoteenshaveinventedadevicethatcouldhelppreventfuturesubwayfloods.InNewYorkCityalone,Super­stormSandycausedanestimated$19billionindamage.Muchoftheflood­watersenteredthesubwaysystemthroughitsventilationgrates(通风栅).Thosemetalgrillsusuallylieatgroundlevel.Whenthesystemisshutdownaheadofaflood,engineerstrytocoverthosegrateswithplywood(胶合板)andsandbags.Butthefloodingoftenwashesawaythosemeasures,whichallowswatertoflowintothetunnels.Raisingthosegratesevenatinybitabovegroundlevelwouldcostalotofmoney.Otherideashaveincludedbuildingtallchimneysaroundtheholes.Thatwouldraisethegratesandcostalotofmoney,too.KyleandRaymondcameupwithadifferent,lessexpensiveidea.Theydesignedametalgratewithabuilt­in,adjustablecover.Whentrainsarerunning,onepartofthegrateslidesopentobringinfreshair.Butwhenthesystemisshutdown,thatpartcanbeslidshuttocompletelyblockthegrate.Theirgrateisthesamesizeasthegratesusednow.So,itwouldbesimple,theysay,toliftouttheoldgrateanddropinareplacement.Theirdesignincludestamper­prooffeatures,whichcanpreventoperationmistakes.Theymakesurethatpeopledon'tintentionallyshutoffairflowduringnormalconditions.Forpeoplewiththeproperkey,itwouldonlytakeaminuteortwotoclosethegrateaheadofaflood.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲解并描述三年前超级风暴Sandy猛烈攻击美国东部，造成了洪水灾难，当地的地铁被洪水沉没。为防止地铁再次被洪水沉没，两位少年独创了一种装置。1．What'sthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thestepstooperategrates.B．Themeasurestopreventflood.C．Thefunctionofplywoodandsandbags.D．Thedisadvantageofpresentsubwaysystem.D[段落大意题。依据其次段第一句可知，据估计超级风暴Sandy仅在纽约市就造成了价值190亿美元的损失。文章接下来分析了超级风暴造成的洪水沉没地铁的缘由：目前的地铁系统存在很大的弊端。故本题选D。]2．Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribesthetwoteens'newinvention?A．Costly. B．Time­saving.C．Practical. D．Conventional.C[推理推断题。依据文章最终一段第一、其次句“Theirgrateisthesamesizeasthegratesusednow.So,itwouldbesimple,theysay,toliftouttheoldgrateanddropinareplacement”他们运用的栅栏和现在运用的栅栏大小一样，所以很简单就可以把旧的栅栏取出来，放入一个替换栅栏；再结合最终一段最终两句可知，新的装置操作起来也很便利。故选C。]3．What'sthepurposeofdesigningthetamper­prooffeature?A．Toreplacetheoldgratecorrectly.B．Toclosethegrateaheadofaflood.C．Toensureairflowinnormalconditions.D．Tostopthetrainspeedingupunexpectedly.C[细微环节理解题。依据最终一段第三、第四句可知，设计干预防护的特点可以阻挡操作失误，有了干预防护，他们确保人们不会有意地在正常状况下关掉空气流通的功能，故本题选C。]4．Wheredoesthetextmostprobablycomefrom?A．Anewsreport.B．Anadventurousstory.C．Anintroductiontonewequipment.D．Aguidebooktomakinggrates.A[文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲解并描述了两位少年独创了一种成本较低、好用的地铁防洪装置以及该装置的特点和优势，应当属于新闻报道类文章，故选A。]B(2024·辽宁省五校协作体联合模拟)IttookmultipleweddingsforChristineLawtorealizewhatsheneededtodo.Inthesummerof2014,herschedulewaspackedwithfriends'marriagecelebrations—flower­filledoccasionsthatgotherthinking,“Wheredoalltheflowersgoaftertheparty？”Moreoftenthannot,theywerethrownaway.Lawwasconfidentshecouldfindabetteruseforthem.ByAugust,shehadaplan：convincecouplesandcompanieshostingeventstodonatetheirflowers,whichshewouldpickupanddeliverwithin48hourstoseniorsacrossthecity.Shewantedtobringbeautyintothelivesoftheelderly.Shedrewonherexperiencethroughbeingavolunteerinnon­profitinstitutionsinordertosetupherownorganization,whichshecalledFloranthropie.Nothavingenoughbouquets(花束)forall150peopleofahealthcenter,Lawaskedthestafftoprovidealistofpatientswhoneededcheeringupmost,“ThefirstwomanIapproachedthoughtitwasamistake,andthattheflowerscouldn'tpossiblybeforher，”saysLaw.“Isaidtheywereagift,andwetalkedforahalfhour.”Inadditiontohealthcenters,Floranthropiefocusesoncommunitygroupsdevotedtotheelderly.LaëtitiaThélèmeisavolunteerforLesPetitsFières,anorganizationthataimstohelptheelderlywhodon'thaveasupportsystem.ThegroupreceivesadozenorsobouquetsfromFloranthropiemonthly,andthenredistributesthem.“Ourmottois‘flowersbeforebread’，”saysThélème.“Wedon'tfocusonprimarycare,butratheronnourishing(滋养)thespirit.Floranthropiehelpsusdothat.It'samazingwhatabigdifferenceasmallbouquetcanmake.”Inthebeginning,mostofFloranthropie'sdonationscamethroughwordofmouth.Thesedays,Lawreceivesmessagesfromstrangersviaherorganization'sFacebookpageandhasconnectedwithcorporationsandflowerwholesalers.LawhopestoexpandFloranthropienationally,butatthispointishappytobeabletooverseeeachdeliverypersonally.【语篇解读】该文讲解并描述了ChristineLaw把婚礼上用过的花送给老人们，为他们的生活增加美的享受，她的做法得到了很多人的支持。5．WhatmadeChristineLawsetupFloranthropie?A．Thewasteofflowers.B．Thelonelinessofseniors.C．Thepersuasionofotherfriends.D．Thewarmatmosphereofweddings.A[细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的“‘Wheredoalltheflowersgoaftertheparty？’Moreoftenthannot,theywerethrownaway.Lawwasconfidentshecouldfindabetteruseforthem”可知，婚礼上运用过的花束的奢侈使ChristineLaw成立了Floranthropie这个机构。故选A。]6．Whatwasthewoman'sreactiontoChristineLaw'sflowers?A．Shewasmoved.B．Shewasexcited.C．Shewasworried.D．Shewassurprised.D[推理推断题。依据其次段中的“ThefirstwomanIapproachedthoughtitwasamistake,andthattheflowerscouldn'tpossiblybeforher”可推知，当ChristineLaw给第一位女士送花时，她感到难以置信、相当惊异。故选D。]7．WhatcanweinferaboutFloranthropiefromLaëtitiaThélème'swords?A．Itshouldfocusonprimarycare.B．Itisbenefitingmorethantheelderly.C．Itisdoingsomethingofgreatimportance.D．Itshouldcooperatewithmorenon­profitinstitutions.C[推理推断题。依据第三段中的“Floranthropiehelpsusdothat.It'samazingwhatabigdifferenceasmallbouquetcanmake”可推知，LaëtitiaThélème认为Floranthropie做的事产生了很大影响，故C项符合文意。]8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．VolunteerYourTimeB．Don'tThrowFlowersAwayC．SpecialDeliveryMakesYourDayD．BrightenSeniors'LivesWithFlowersD[标题推断题。本文主要讲解并描述了ChristineLaw为了不奢侈婚礼上用过的花，把花送给老人们，给他们的生活带来了美。故D项适合作文章标题。]Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2024·重庆市质量调研抽测)WaystoGetYourKidsintoNatureBeinginnatureforkidshastremendoushealthbenefits.Therearemanywaysyoucanincorporatenatureintoyourchildren'slives,evenifyouliveinthecity.Inspirecuriositybybeingcuriousyourself.Aparent'sexcitementcanbespreadtothechildren,andwhenyoushowrespectfornature,yourchildrenfollowsuit.1.“Idon'tknow!Let'sfindouttogether.”isawonderfulwaytogettheballrolling.Beopentoamutualadventureandallowyourcuriousinnerchildtocomeoutwhileyouexplorenaturewithyourchildren.2.Ifyouhavetocarpool(拼车)inthemorning,turnoffthedevicesinsteadandencourageyourchildrentolookoutofthewindow.Theearlymorningfallskiesarebeautifulwithcolorandmigratingbirds.Afterall,evenviewsofnaturefromthecarwindowarecalmingandbeneficial.Stopthinkingaboutnaturetimeasleisuretime.Timeinnatureisanessentialinvestmentinyourchildren'shealthandwell­being.Ifyouviewnaturetimeasessentialtogoodhealth,youwillbemorelikelytoengageinit.3，nurturingcreativityandwonderispartofyourresponsibilityasparents.Lookatthestars.Visityourlocalobservatory,andthendriveoutofthecitysomemorningoreveningforyourownstargazing(天体视察)withablanketandtelescope.Observingthestarsoffersadeeperandwiderunderstandingoftheuniverse.4．Plantasmallgarden.5.Beanandpeaplantsgrowquicklyandcanbeeatenwhenmature,soteachyourchildrenaboutfoodandthewonderofgrowth.A．LimitelectronicdeviceswhiledrivingB．Encouragequestionsyoudon'tknowtheanswerstoC．Ifyouwanttoraiseyourhealthy,well­balancedchildrenD．Ifyouhavethespace,helpyourchildrenplantafewvegetablesE．Itwillteachteamwork,prideinthecommunity,andfamilytogethernessF．Ifyourchildisinterested,encouragehimtogetinvolvedinthecommunityG．Allowyourselftothinkaboutit,andtalktoyourchildrenaboutthatwonder【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了让孩子融入自然的一些方法。1．B[依据下文中的“‘Idon'tknow!Let'sfindouttogether.’isawonderfulwaytogettheballrolling”，并与上文中的“Inspirecuriosity”呼应可推知，此处表示激励孩子一起探究你自己也不知道答案的问题，从而引起新奇心，故选B项。]2．A[依据空后一句“Ifyouhavetocarpool(拼车)inthemorning,turnoffthedevicesinsteadandencourageyourchildrentolookoutofthewindow”可推知，开车时关掉电子设备，多看看窗外也是一种与自然接触的方式，故选A项。]3．C[承接上文“Timeinnatureisanessentialinvestmentinyourchildren'shealthandwell­being”和空后的“nurturingcreativity...asparents”可推知，假如想要培育出健康、明智的孩子，培育他们的创建性和新奇心也是作为父母的责任，故选C项。]4．G[依据上文“Observingthestarsoffersadeeperandwiderunderstandingoftheuniverse”可推知，和孩子一起视察星空能够加深对自然界的理解，与G项呼应，故选G项。]5．D[承接上文“Plantasmallgarden”，并与下文“Beanandpeaplantsgrowquicklyandcanbeeatenwhenmature,soteachyourchildrenaboutfoodandthewonderofgrowth”呼应可推知，此处作者建议父母开拓一个小菜园，帮孩子种点蔬菜，一起见证它们生长的奇迹，故选D项。]Ⅲ.语法填空(2024·武汉调研)WorldSleepDayfallsonMarch16.Thisyear'sthemeconcernssleepandwomen.Morewomensufferfrominsomnia(失眠)thanmen,butonly4percentofthemgotoadoctortogethelp.ABeijingnewspaper1.(report)recently.Astudyby2.internationalorganizationinthepapersaidthatwomen3.(age)30to60sleepsixhoursand41minutesaday4.average.Youngpeoplehavealsobeenshowntosufferfromalackofsleep.StatisticsfromaChinesemedicalresearchcentreshowthatin5.(city)likeBeijingandShanghai,40percentofyoungpeoplesufferfrominsomnia,and80percentsufferfromgreattirednessduetopoorqualitysleep.Expertsblameheavy6.(press)andcompetitionatworkforpoor7.(sleep)habits.Thelong­termeffectscanbeunhappiness,anxietyanddepression,8.caninturnleadtochronicillnesses(慢性病),9.(especial)inwomen.Thereare,however,acoupleoftricksforgettingagoodsleep,suchasmaintaininganoptimisticattitude,keepingaregular,10.(day)routine,orfindingtimeforsports.Also,youcandevelophealthyhabits,suchaskeepingthebedroomcleanandavoidingtea,coffee,orwinebeforesleeping.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。今年世界睡眠日关注的是女性的睡眠问题。调查发觉，很多女性睡眠不足，年轻人也是如此。文章介绍了导致睡眠不足的缘由及其解决方法。1．reported[考查动词的时态。依据该句中的“recently”，再结合上文可知，上述结果是北京的一家报纸报道过的，表示已经发生过的事情，故用一般过去时。]2．an[考查不定冠词。依据语境可知，该处泛指“一个国际组织”，且international的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。]3．aged[考查形容词。分析该句结构可知，空处作名词“women”的后置定语，应用age的形容词形式aged，表示“年龄介于三十到六十岁的女性”。]4．on[考查固定搭配。onaverage为固定搭配，意为“平均”。该句意为：在该报纸中一项由一个国际组织进行的探讨表明，30到60岁的女性平均每天睡6小时41分钟。]5．cities[考查名词单复数。依据该句中的“likeBeijingandShanghai”可知，该处指“像北京、上海那样的城市”，为复数意义，故用cities。]6．pressure[考查名词。依据该句中“andcompetition”，再结合空前的形容词“heavy”可知，该形容词修饰两个并列的名词，故用press的名词形式pressure，表示“压力”。]7．sleeping[考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词habits，表示“睡眠习惯”，故用形容词sleeping。]8．which[考查关系词。分析该句结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，空处在从句中作主语，指代前面的“unhappiness,anxietyanddepression”，故用关系代词which引导该定语从句。]9．especially[考查副词。空处修饰短语“inwomen”，故