2022年江苏省南京、镇江市部分名校高二下学期第三次学情调查考试英语试题

2021-2022学年江苏省南京、镇江市部分名校高二下学期第三次学情调查考试英语试题第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项AWhat’sthebestspeakertousewhenyoutravel?

Ofcourse,itisthespeakerwithmultifunctions.Whenitcomestothenamesofthemostpopularspeakersonthemarket,thefollowingfourspringtomind.TheSoundLinkMicrospeakerissmall,butpowerful.Itdoesn’treallymatterwhatyou’redoing—hiking,biking,cookingdinnerorhangingout.Youneedmusic.WedesignedaBluetoothspeakerthatkeepspacewithallofyouradventuresanddeliversunmatchedsoundforitssize.Superruggedandwaterproof.Itfeaturesatear-resistantsiliconestrap—soyoucantakeitalongwhereveryougo.TheHomeSpeakerisawirelesshomespeaker,avoice-controlledspeakerandaBluetoothspeaker.AnywherewithWi-Fi,youcancontrolitwithyourvoiceandstreammusicdirectlyfromthecloud.OutsideWi-Firange,youcancontrolitlikeanyotherportablespeakerwithyourmobilephoneortabletandlistentoanythingyoucanplayonyourdevice.TheSoundLinkColorBluetoothspeakerIIisdesignedforlifeonthegoit’sroundedwithasoft-touchsurface,soit’sstilleasytocarryinyourhand.Thewrap-aroundsiliconebodygivesitthecompactdurabilityyouneedtotossitinabagorbackpackandtakeitanywhere.Plentyofspeakerslookwaterproof.ButSoundLinkColorstandsuptowaterfromtheinsideout，soyoucanlistenbythepoolorlake,too.TheBoseS1systemisaPAsystem,andithasalightweight,ruggedenclosurewithabuilt-inhandle,soit’seasytocarryandtakejustaboutanywhere.Weighingonly15.7lbs(7.1kg),theruggedS1Proletsyoubringbettersoundtotheparty,oroutdoorget-together,it’stheall-in-oneBluetoothspeakertotakeanywhere.21.WhatisprobablyauniquefeatureoftheHomeSpeaker?A.ItisaBluetoothspeaker. B.ItfunctionsoutsideWi-Firange.C.Itisvoice-controlledwithinWi-Firange. D.Itcanbroadcastmusicplayedonthedevice.22.Whichspeakerbestsuitspeoplewhowanttoachieveabettersoundeffectinaparty?A.TheHomeSpeaker. B.TheBoseS1system.C.TheSoundLinkMicroBluetoothspeaker. D.TheSoundLinkColorBluetoothspeakerII.23.Whatdothefourspeakershaveincommon?A.TheyareBluetoothandportablespeakers. B.Theyareportableandwaterproofspeakers.C.Theyaretear-resistantandBluetoothspeakers. D.Theyaresuperruggedandwaterproofspeakers.【答案】21.C22.B23.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款音响以及各自的特点。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据表格第二段部分“AnywherewithWi-Fi,youcancontrolitwithyourvoiceandstreammusicdirectlyfromthecloud.OutsideWi-Firange,youcancontrolitlikeanyotherportablespeakerwithyourmobilephoneortabletandlistentoanythingyoucanplayonyourdevice.(在任何有Wi-Fi的地方，你都可以用声音控制它，并直接从云端下载音乐。在Wi-Fi范围之外，你可以用手机或平板电脑像其他任何便携式扬声器一样控制它，并收听任何你可以在设备上播放的内容)”可知，Wi-Fi范围内声控是HomeSpeaker的独特特点。故选C。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据表格第四部分中“Weighingonly15.7lbs(7.1kg),theruggedS1Proletsyoubringbettersoundtotheparty,oroutdoorget-together,it’stheall-in-oneBluetoothspeakertotakeanywhere.(重量只有15.7磅（7.1公斤），坚固耐用的S1Pro可以让你在聚会或户外聚会时带来更好的声音，它是一款带在任何地方的一体化蓝牙扬声器)”可知，TheBoseS1system最适合想在聚会上获得更好的声音效果的人。故选B。23题详解】细节理解题。根据第一部分中“TheSoundLinkMicrospeakerissmall,butpowerful.WedesignedaBluetoothspeakerthatkeepspacewithallofyouradventuresanddeliversunmatchedsoundforitssize.(SoundLink微型扬声器很小，但功能强大。我们设计了一款蓝牙扬声器，它能与您的所有冒险保持同步，并以其尺寸提供无与伦比的声音)”；第二部分中“TheHomeSpeakerisawirelesshomespeaker,avoice-controlledspeakerandaBluetoothspeaker.OutsideWi-Firange,youcancontrolitlikeanyotherportablespeakerwithyourmobilephoneortabletandlistentoanythingyoucanplayonyourdevice.(TheHomeSpeaker是无线家庭扬声器，声控扬声器和蓝牙扬声器在Wi-Fi范围之外，你可以用手机或平板电脑像其他任何便携式扬声器一样控制它，并收听任何你可以在设备上播放的内容)”；第三部分中“TheSoundLinkColorBluetoothspeakerIIisdesignedforlifeonthegoit’sroundedwithasoft-touchsurface,soit’sstilleasytocarryinyourhand.Thewrap-aroundsiliconebodygivesitthecompactdurabilityyouneedtotossitinabagorbackpackandtakeitanywhere.(SoundLink彩色蓝牙音箱II是为手提式生活而设计的，它的表面是圆形的，触感柔软，所以它仍然很容易拿在手里。缠绕的硅胶机身使它紧凑耐用，你需要把它扔在包或背包里，带它去任何地方)”以及第四部分中“Weighingonly15.7lbs(7.1kg),theruggedS1Proletsyoubringbettersoundtotheparty,oroutdoorget-together,it’stheall-in-oneBluetoothspeakertotakeanywhere.(重量只有15.7磅（7.1公斤），坚固耐用的S1Pro可以让你在聚会或户外聚会时带来更好的声音，它是一款带在任何地方的一体化蓝牙扬声器)”可知，共同点是它们是蓝牙和便携式扬声器。故选A。BIn1975,aSanDiegohomemakernamedMarjorieRicecameacrossacolumninScientificAmericanabouttiling,aproblemthathasinterestedmathematicianssinceancientGreektimes.AfterRice’schanceencounterwithtilings,familymembersoftensawherinthekitchenconstantlydrawingshapes.“Ithoughtshewasjustdrawingcasually,”herdaughterKathysaid.ButRicewhotookonlyoneyearofmathinhighschool,wasactuallydiscoveringnever-before-seenpatterns.BorninFlorida,Ricewenttoaone-roomcountryschoolwheresheskippedtwogradesandstudiedwiththeolderkids.Thoughshelovedlearningandparticularlyherbriefexposuretomath,tightbudgetandsocialculturepreventedherfamilyfromevenconsideringthatshemightattendcollege.“ForRice,mathwasapleasure”.HersonDavidoncesaid,“Shewascrazyaboutpyramidsandstudiedthemwithextensivedrawingsandcalculations”.RicegaveoneofhersonsasubscriptiontoScientificAmericanpartlybecauseshecouldreaditcarefullywhilethechildrenwereatschool.WhenshereadGardner’scolumnabouttilingasshelaterrecalledinaninterview:“Ithoughtitmustbewonderfulthatsomeonecoulddiscoverthesebeautifulpatternswhichnoonehadseenbefore.”Shealsowroteinanessay,“MyinterestwasengagedbythesubjectandIwantedtounderstandeverydetailofit.Lackingamathematicalbackground,Idevelopedmyownsymbolsystemandinafewmonthsdiscoveredanewtype.”Astonishedanddelighted,shesentherworktoGardner,whosentittoDoris,atilingexpertatMoravianCollege.DorisconfirmedthatRice’sfindingwascorrect.Ricedeclinedtolectureonherdiscoveries,citingshyness,butatDoris’sinvitation,sheattendedauniversitymathematicsmeeting,whereshewasintroducedtotheaudience.Ricestillsaidnothingofherachievementstoherchildren,buttheyeventuallyfoundoutastheawardsmounted.24.WhydidRiceoftendrawshapesinthekitchen?A.Shewantedtobeamathematician. B.Shejustdrewcasuallyforherdaughter.C.Shewastotallyabsorbedintiling. D.Shewaspassionateaboutdrawingpictures.25.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A.Shewasaddictedtodrawingpyramids.B.Shecamefromafamilystrugglingfinancially.C.Sherefusedtoattendcollegeforthesakeofherfamily.D.Shewenttoschooltwoyearslaterthanaveragechildren.26.Whydoestheauthormention“asubscriptiontoScientificAmerican”inParagraph3?A.Toshowherfamilywasonatightbudget. B.Toimplysheprioritizedherownbusiness.C.Todemonstrateshewascrazyabouttiling. D.Toindicatesheexcelledinhousekeeping.27.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesRice?A.Devotedandproud. B.Determinedandhumble.C.Talentedanddemanding. D.Ambitiousandamused.【答案】24.C25.B26.C27.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。圣地亚哥一位名叫马乔里·赖斯（MarjorieRice

）的家庭主妇在《科学美国人》杂志上看到一篇关于瓷砖的专栏文章，这个问题自古希腊时代起就引起了数学家的兴趣。赖斯偶然遇到瓷砖后，家人经常看到她在厨房里不停地画形状。高中只学了一年数学的她凭借自己对数学的热情潜心研究，坚持不懈，发现了以前从未见过的图案。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第一自然段“AfterRice’schanceencounterwithtilings,familymembersoftensawherinthekitchenconstantlydrawingshapes.

（赖斯偶然遇到瓷砖后，家人经常看到她在厨房里不停地画形状。）”及第二自然段““ForRice,mathwasapleasure”.HersonDavidoncesaid,“Shewascrazyaboutpyramidsandstudiedthemwithextensivedrawingsandcalculations”.（“对赖斯来说，数学是一种乐趣”。她的儿子大卫曾经说过：“她对金字塔非常着迷，并用大量的图纸和计算来研究它们。”）”可知，赖斯在厨房里画形状是因为她全神贯注于瓷砖。故选C。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二自然段“Thoughshelovedlearningandparticularlyherbriefexposuretomath,tightbudgetandsocialculturepreventedherfamilyfromevenconsideringthatshemightattendcollege.

（尽管她热爱学习，尤其是短暂的数学学习，但由于预算紧张和社会文化的影响，她的家人甚至没有考虑让她上大学。）”可知，她来自一个经济困难的家庭。故选B。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第三自然段“Ricegaveoneofhersonsasubscriptionto

ScientificAmerican

partlybecauseshecouldreaditcarefullywhilethechildrenwereatschool.

（赖斯给她的一个儿子订阅了《科学美国人》，部分原因是她可以在孩子们上学时仔细阅读。）”可知，作者提及赖斯给她的儿子订阅了《科学美国人》是为了证明赖斯对瓷砖的狂热。故选C。【27题详解】推理判断题。尽管赖斯高中只学了一年数学，但她凭借自己对数学的热情潜心研究，坚持不懈，发现了以前从未见过的图案，由此可见赖斯是有决心的（determined）;根据最后一段“Ricedeclinedtolectureonherdiscoveries,citingshyness,butatDoris’sinvitation,sheattendedauniversitymathematicsmeeting,whereshewasintroducedtotheaudience.Ricestillsaidnothingofherachievementstoherchildren,buttheyeventuallyfoundoutastheawardsmounted.（赖斯以害羞为由拒绝就她的发现发表演讲，但在多丽丝的邀请下，她参加了一次大学数学会议，并在会上被介绍给观众。赖斯仍然没有向她的孩子们透露她的成就，但随着奖项的不断增加，他们最终发现了这一点。）”可知，赖斯又非常谦逊的（humble）。故选B。CInwhattheyclaimisaworldfirst,researchersinJapanhavedevelopedchopsticksthatartificiallycreatethetasteofsalt,aspartofeffortstoreducesodiumlevelsinsomeofthecountry’smostpopulardishes.Thechopsticksworkusingelectricalstimulationandamini-computerwornontheeater’swristband.Thedevicetransmitssodiumionsfromfood,throughthechopsticks,tothemouthwheretheycreateasenseofsaltiness,saysHomeiMiyashita,aprofessoratMeijiUniversityinTokyo,whoselaboratorycollaboratedwiththefoodanddrinkmanufacturerKirintodevelopthedevice.Theteamplantoimprovethefirstdesignandhopetomakethechopsticksavailabletoconsumersnextyear.ThechopstickscouldfindareceptiveaudienceinJapan,wherethetraditionaldiettendstobehighinsaltduetotheuseofcomponentssuchasmisoandsoysauce.TheaverageJapaneseadultconsumesabout10gramsofsaltaday,doubletheamountrecommendedbytheWorldHealthOrganization.Thehealthministryhasproposedreducingdailysaltintaketoamaximumof7.5gramsformenand6.5gramsforwomen.Thechopsticksuse“veryweakelectricity—notenoughtoaffectthehumanbody—toadjustthefunctionofionssuchassodiumchlorideandsodiumglutamatetochangetheperceptionoftastebymakingfoodseemtotastestrongerorweaker”,Kirinsaidinastatement.MiyashitaandKirinsaidclinicaltestsonpeoplewhofollowalow-sodiumdiethadconfirmedthatthedeviceenhancesthesaltytasteoflow-sodiumfoodbyabout1.5times.Highsaltintakecancontributetohighbloodpressure,theleadingcauseofheartattacksandstrokes.“Topreventthesediseases,weneedtoreducetheamountofsaltwetake,”saidKirinresearcherAiSato.“Ifwetrytoavoidtakinglesssaltinaconventionalway,wewouldneedtosufferthepainofcuttingourfavouritefoodfromourdiet,orsuffereatingfoodwithverylittletaste.”Miyashita’slabhasalsoinventedalickableTVscreenthatimitatestheflavoursofvariousfoods.28.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytellus?A.Howthechopstickswork. B.Whattheteamplanstodo.C.Whatthedeviceisdesignedfor. D.Howasenseofsaltinessiscreated.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collaborated”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Competed. B.Negotiated. C.Cooperated. D.Corresponded.30.Whatisadirectresultofthechopsticks?A.Foodcanhavestrongerorweakerflavours.B.Low-sodiumfoodtastessaltierthanitactuallyis.C.Thehealthministryhassuggestedreducingsaltintake.D.Takinglesssaltmeanseatinglessfoodwithverylittletaste.31.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Japanconductsclinicaltestsonlow-sodiumdietsB.Japanesehigh-techsaltychopsticksgainpopularityC.JapaninventselectronicchopsticksmakingfoodtastesaltyD.Japaneseresearchersreducesodiumlevelsinpopulardishes【答案】28.A29.C30.B31.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。日本研究人员日前研制出了一种可以人工制造盐味的筷子，他们称这是世界首例。此举旨在降低日本一些最受欢迎菜肴的钠含量。文章介绍了这种筷子的使用方法以及工作原理和市场前景等。【28题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thechopsticksworkusingelectricalstimulationandamini-computerwornontheeater’swristband.Thedevicetransmitssodiumionsfromfood,throughthechopsticks,tothemouthwheretheycreateasenseofsaltiness,saysHomeiMiyashita,aprofessoratMeijiUniversityinTokyo,whoselaboratorycollaboratedwiththefoodanddrinkmanufacturerKirintodevelopthedevice.Theteamplantoimprovethefirstdesignandhopetomakethechopsticksavailabletoconsumersnextyear.(这种筷子的工作原理是通过电刺激和佩戴在食客手环上的迷你电脑。东京明治大学教授宫下家美说，这种设备将食物中的钠离子通过筷子传递到嘴里，在嘴里产生咸味。宫下家美教授的实验室与食品和饮料制造商Kirin合作开发了这种设备。该团队计划改进第一款筷子的设计，并希望在明年将其推向消费者)”可知，第二段主要告诉我们筷子如何使用。故选A。【29题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“aprofessoratMeijiUniversityinTokyo,whoselaboratory”以及后文“withthefoodanddrinkmanufacturerKirintodevelopthedevice”可知，宫下家美教授的实验室与食品和饮料制造商Kirin合作开发了这种设备，故画线词意思是“合作”。故选C。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“MiyashitaandKirinsaidclinicaltestsonpeoplewhofollowalow-sodiumdiethadconfirmedthatthedeviceenhancesthesaltytasteoflow-sodiumfoodbyabout1.5times.(宫下和Kirin表示，对低钠饮食的人进行的临床测试证实，该设备能将低钠食物的咸味提高约1.5倍)”可知，使用筷子的直接结果是低钠食物吃起来比实际更咸。故选B。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Inwhattheyclaimisaworldfirst,researchersinJapanhavedevelopedchopsticksthatartificiallycreatethetasteofsalt,aspartofeffortstoreducesodiumlevelsinsomeofthecountry’smostpopulardishes.(日本研究人员日前研制出了一种可以人工制造盐味的筷子，他们称这是世界首例。此举旨在降低日本一些最受欢迎菜肴的钠含量)”结合文章介绍了这种筷子的使用方法以及工作原理和市场前景等。可知，C选项“日本发明了电子筷子，使食物尝起来很咸”最符合文章标题。故选C。DThelastdecadesawtheriseofthefieldof“plantneurobiology”.Thatdebatablefieldisbasedontheideathatplants—whichdonotpossessbrains—handleinformationinwayssimilartocomplicatedanimalnervoussystems.Thisthinkingimpliesthatplantscouldfeelhappinessorsorroworpain,makeintentionaldecisionsandevenpossessconsciousness.Butthechancesofthatare“effectivelyzero.”“There’snothingintheplantcomparabletothecomplexityoftheanimalbrain,”saysTaiz,fromtheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz.Someplantsarecapableofcomplicatedbehaviors.Forexample,woundedleavescansendwarningsignalstootherpartsoftheplant.Butplantsperformthesewithequipmentthat’sverydifferentfromthenervoussystemsofanimals,nobrainrequired,Taizargues.Heandcolleaguespointoutmethodologicalfaultsinsomeofthestudiesthatclaimplantshavebrain-likecommandcentersandanimal-likenervecells.Butbeyondthedebateoverhowthesestudiesareconducted,Taiz’steamarguesthatplantconsciousnessdoesn’tevenmakesensefromanevolutionarypointofview.“Complicatedanimalbrainsadvancedinparttohelpalivingbeingcatchamealandavoidbecomingone,”Taizsays.“Butplantsarerootedtothegroundandrelyonsunlightforenergy,aninactivelifestylethatdoesn’trequirequickthinkingoroutsmartingapredator(捕食者)—ortheenergeticallyexpensivenervoussystemsthatenablethosebehaviors.”“Whatusewouldconsciousnessbetoaplant?”Taizasks.“Ifaplantworriedandsufferedwhenfacedwithathreat,itwouldbewastingsomuchenergythatitwouldn’thaveanylefttodoanythingaboutthatthreat,”Taizsays.“Furthermore,plantshaveplentytodowithouthavingtobeconscious,too.Withsunlight,carbondioxideandwater,plantscreatethecompoundsthatsustainmuchoftherestoflifeonEarth,”Taizpointsout.“Isn’tthatenough?”32.WhatisprobablyLincholTaiz’sopinionconcerningplants?A.Plantspossessanimal-likenervoussystems.B.Plantsperformcomplicatedbehaviorswithbrains.C.Itisnotunderstandablethatplantshaveconsciousness.D.Itisnecessaryforplantstodevelopbrainsforsurvival.33.Whatdoestheunderlined“one”inParagraph4referto?A.Apredator. B.Alivingbeing.C.Aninactiveplant. D.Ameal.34.WhatisthepurposeofLincholTaiz’swordsinParagraph3?A.Toexplainarule. B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Tosupportanargument. D.Topresentafact.35.Inwhichsectionofamagazinemaythistextappear?A.Entertainment. B.Life.C.Education. D.Science.【答案】32.C33.D34.C35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了神经生物学认为植物拥有意识，但是加州大学圣克鲁斯分校的LincholTaiz教授并不同意这种观点，并对此进行了说明。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Butbeyondthedebateoverhowthesestudiesareconducted,Taiz’steamarguesthatplantconsciousnessdoesn’tevenmakesensefromanevolutionarypointofview.(但除了这些研究是如何进行的争论之外，塔伊兹的团队认为，从进化的角度来看，植物有意识的说法甚至讲不通)”可知，LincholTaiz认为植物有意识的说法讲不通，故选C项。【33题详解】指代猜测题。根据划线词前的“Complicatedanimalbrainsadvancedinparttohelpalivingbeingcatchameal(复杂的动物大脑进化到一定程度是为了帮助生物捕食)”可知，复杂的动物大脑进化的部分原因是为了帮助它们捕捉食物，“andavoidbecomingone”承接这一话题，是说它们避免让自己成为别人的食物，由此可知one指的就是前面提到的ameal，故选D项。【34题详解】推理判断题。第二段最后一句“Butbeyondthedebateoverhowthesestudiesareconducted,Taiz’steamarguesthatplantconsciousnessdoesn’tevenmakesensefromanevolutionarypointofview.(但除了这些研究是如何进行的争论之外，塔伊兹的团队认为，从进化的角度来看，植物有意识的说法甚至讲不通)”提出LincholTaiz的观点：植物有意识的说法讲不通，根据第三段中LincholTaiz说的话“Complicatedanimalbrainsadvancedinparttohelpalivingbeingcatchamealandavoidbecomingone(复杂的动物大脑的进化在一定程度上是为了帮助生物捕食,并避免成为别人的食物)”及“Butplantsarerootedtothegroundandrelyonsunlightforenergy,aninactivelifestylethatdoesn’trequirequickthinkingoroutsmartingapredator(捕食者)—ortheenergeticallyexpensivenervoussystemsthatenablethosebehaviors.(但是植物扎根于地面，依靠阳光获取能量，一种不活跃的生活方式，不需要快速思考或智胜捕食者，也不需要昂贵的能量神经系统来实现这些行为)”可知，LincholTaiz讲述复杂动物和植物的不同，是为了支持上段提出的观点。故选C项。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章介绍了神经生物学认为植物拥有意识，但是加州大学圣克鲁斯分校的LincholTaiz教授并不同意这种观点，并对此进行了说明，所以文章是关于生物科学的，应是出自杂志的科学部分。故选D项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Howtobeamoreresponsibleperson?Responsibilitydoesn’tcomeatbirth.Itissomethingthatisacquiredasyouage,gotoschoolandprogressinlife.However,youcanhearandseealotofdifferentthings,bothgoodandbad.____36____That’swhyyoursenseofresponsibilitydependsonlyonyou.Allofitdependsonyourowndecision.Hereareafewtipsonhowtoimproveyoursenseofresponsibility.____37____Ifyoumakeamistake,admitit.Insteadofmakingexcuses,givethetruereasonwhyyoufailed.Bycomingupwithanexcuse,youactuallyadmittobeingirresponsible.Stopcomplaining.Complainersareusuallythosewhotalktoomuchanddonothing.Byalwayscomplainingabouttheworldaroundyou,youactuallyfillyourselfwithnegativity.____38____Therefore,stopcomplaining!Overcomepostponement.Thefirststeptosuccessistostopputtingthingsoff.Postponementwillleadyounowhere.You’reresponsibleforyourownfuture,sostopdelayingnowandstarttakingactiononwhattrulymatters.____39____Beconsistentandsticktoyourschedule.Havingaroutineisgood.____40____Trytowakeupatthesametimeeveryday.Evenonweekends,youcouldgetupearlierinsteadofstayinginbeduntilnoon.Thiswillgiveyousomeconsistency.Plus,gettingupearlyallowsyoutohavemoretimeforwhateveryouhavetofinishthatday.Additionally,youshouldsetascheduleforyourworkandpersonaltasks,andsticktoit.A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.B.Stopmakingexcusesforyourself.C.Bybeingnegative,youaresufferingterribly.D.Youchooseyourownbehavior,actionsandwords.E.Itmeansorderandmeansyouareontherighttrack.F.Thehoursyouwastedcouldhavebeenusedforbetterthings.G.Eventhoughyounevercomplain,youareobviouslyexhausted.【答案】36.D37.B38.C39.F40.E【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文，告诉人们如何成为一名负责任的人。【36题详解】上文“However,youcanhearandseealotofdifferentthings,bothgoodandbad.”（然而，你会看到和听到各种各样的好的或坏的事情。）提到我们会了解到许多不同的事情，好的、坏的都有，D项“你的言行由你自己选择”承接上文，是下文“yoursenseofresponsibilitydependsonlyonyou”（你的责任感只取决于你）的原因，为下文“That”所指代。故选D项。【37题详解】分析文章结构可知，设空处是第二段的主旨句，是增强责任感的方法一。由下文“Ifyoumakeamistake,admitit.Insteadofmakingexcuses,givethetruereasonwhyyoufailed.”（你犯错了就得承认。不要找借口，而是指出你失败的真正原因。）可知，该段主要讲的增强责任感的方法是“不要为自己找借口”，B项符合题意。故选B项。【38题详解】上文“Byalwayscomplainingabouttheworldaroundyou,youactuallyfillyourselfwithnegativity.”（其实，如果一直抱怨你周围的世界，你内心就会充满消极。）讲的是抱怨会让你变得十分消极，C项“消极会让你十分痛苦”进一步阐述了由抱怨产生的消极所带来的后果，与下文“所以，停止抱怨！”形成因果关系，所以C项符合题意。故选C项。【39题详解】上文“You’reresponsibleforyourownfuture,sostopdelayingnowandstarttakingactiononwhattrulymatters.”（你要对自己的未来负责，所以现在别再耽误下去了，要对真正重要的事物展开行动。）讲的是不要再耽误时间，F项“你所浪费的时间本可以花在更好的事情上的”则进一步指出耽误的后果，从而说明为什么不要耽误时间，而要开始行动，所以F项符合题意。故选F项。【40题详解】上文“Havingaroutineisgood.”（生活规律是件好事。）讲的是生活规律很好，E项“这意味着有条理，也意味着你的生活处于正轨”则解释了为什么生活规律是件好事，符合题意。故选E项。第二部分语言运用(共两节满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、BC和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Yearsago,IhadayoungboyinmyclassthatI’llneverforget.Ourexperiencestogether____41____uponmethegreatinfluencethatjustafewminutesofkindnesscanhaveonayounglife.Juancamefromaverypoorfamilybuthadan____42____abilitytostudy.Iwasshockedwhenhetoldmeonedaythathedidn’tthinkhewas____43____enoughtoattendcollege.Healsofelthecouldn’t____44____it.Iexplainedhewasoneofmyverybeststudents.Hisface____45____withexcitement,andhelookedatmeincredibly.I____46____toexplainhecouldapplyfor____47____topayforcollegeandthatit’dbeawasteofconsiderable____48____ifhedidn’tattendcollege.Thenextmorning,Juantoldmecheerfullyhehad____49____toattendcollege.Hewasmybeststudentthatyear.Hisskillsandabilitiescontinuedtogrowandhis____50____increased.Attheendoftheyear,Juancametothankme.Iwasdeeply____51____whenhetoldmethosefewminutesthatwehadtalkedthepreviousyearhad____52____hislife.Hewasawardedenoughscholarshipstoattendauniversity.Iwasveryproudofhim.Howimportanthadmy____53____reallybeentohim,andtothepathhewouldfollow?Whocouldhaveknowntheimportanceofafewminutesinthelifeofayoungman?MyexperienceswithJuancontributedtomydecisionto____54____intheclassroom.Imaynotdrivethenicestcarontheblock,butI’mveryrichinwhat____55____themost.41.A.urged B.impressed C.pressed D.imposed42.A.ordinary B.average C.unusual D.attractive43.A.cute B.mature C.positive D.smart44.A.afford B.possess C.polish D.quit45.A.wokeup B.tookover C.litup D.turnedover46.A.ceased B.proceeded C.pretended D.rushed47.A.prizes B.awards C.scholarships D.funds48.A.talent B.innocence C.certificate D.status49.A.declined B.resolved C.hesitated D.arranged50.A.competence B.occupation C.comprehension D.confidence51.A.stuck B.moved C.hurt D.absorbed52.A.disturbed B.reflected C.transformed D.justified53.A.opposition B.encouragement C.criterion D.intervention54.A.function B.negotiate C.remain D.inquire55.A.counts B.occurs C.comes D.exists【答案】41.B42.C43.D44.A45.C46.B47.C48.A49.B50.D51.B52.C53.B54.C55.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者鼓励了一个贫穷家庭的有天赋的学生，使他不断增加信心，最终学生的生活产生了巨大影响的故事。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们一起的经历给我留下了深刻的印象，那就是几分钟的善意可以对年轻人的生活产生巨大的影响。A.urged催促；B.impressed使印象深刻；C.pressed压；D.imposed推行。根据上文“Yearsago,IhadayoungboyinmyclassthatI’llneverforget.”可知，此处表示一起的经历使作者印象深刻。故选B项。【42题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：胡安来自一个非常贫穷的家庭，但有着不同寻常的学习能力。A.ordinary普通的；B.average一般的；C.unusual不寻常的；D.attractive有吸引力的。根据下文“Iexplainedhewasoneofmyverybeststudents.”可知，作者认为胡安是自己最好的学生之一，所以此处表示胡安有着不同寻常的学习能力。故选C项。【43题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有一天，当他告诉我他认为自己不够聪明，不能上大学时，我感到震惊。A.cute可爱的；B.mature成熟的；C.positive积极的；D.smart聪明的。根据语境，此处表示胡安认为自己不够聪明，不能去上大学，作者为此感到震惊。故选D项。【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他也觉得自己负担不起。A.afford负担得起；B.possess拥有；C.polish抛光；D.quit退出。根据上文“Juancamefromaverypoorfamily”可知，胡安来自于一个非常贫穷的家庭，所以他觉得自己负担不起上大学。故选A项。【45题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他兴奋得面带喜悦，难以置信地看着我。A.wokeup醒来；B.tookover接管；C.litup点亮，露出喜色；D.turnedover翻转。根据下文“withexcitement,andhelookedatmeincredibly.”可知，因为兴奋，胡安面带喜悦。故选C项。【46题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我接着解释说，他可以申请奖学金来支付大学学费，如果他不上大学，那将是相当大的人才浪费。A.ceased停止；B.proceeded继续；C.pretended假装；D.rushed急促。根据上文“Iexplainedhewasoneofmyverybeststudents.”以及语境可知，此处表示作者继续向胡安解释。故选B项。【47题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我接着解释说，他可以申请奖学金来支付大学学费，如果他不上大学，那将是相当大的人才浪费。A.prizes奖励；B.awards奖励；C.scholarships奖学金；D.funds基金。根据下文“topayforcollege”可知，此处表示胡安可以申请奖学金来支付大学学费。且下文“Hewasawardedenoughscholarshipstoattendauniversity.”也是提示。故选C项。【48题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我接着解释说，他可以申请奖学金来支付大学学费，如果他不上大学，那将是相当大的人才浪费。A.talent人才；B.innocence清白；C.certificate证书；D.status身份。根据上文“Iexplainedhewasoneofmyverybeststudents.”可知，作者认为胡安是自己最好的学生之一，如果胡安不上大学，那是人才的浪费。故选A项。【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，胡安高兴地告诉我，他决心上大学。A.declined拒绝；B.resolved解决；C.hesitated犹豫；D.arranged安排。根据下文“toattendcollege”以及语境可知，此处表示胡安告诉作者，他决心上大学。故选B项。【50题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的技能和能力不断提高，信心不断增强。A.competence能力；B.occupation职业；C.comprehension理解；D.confidence信心。根据上文“Hisskillsandabilitiescontinuedtogrow”可知，胡安的技能和能力不断提高，所以此处表示他的信心不断增强。故选D项。【51题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他告诉我前一年我们谈话的几分钟改变了他的生活时，我深深地感动了。A.stuck卡住；B.moved感动；C.hurt伤害；D.absorbed吸收。根据下文“whenhetoldmethosefewminutesthatwehadtalkedthepreviousyearhad____12____hislife.”可知，作者被深深感动了。故选B项。【52题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他告诉我前一年我们谈话的几分钟改变了他的生活时，我深深地感动了。A.disturbed干扰；B.reflected反射；C.transformed改变；D.justified证明正当。根据语境，此处表示作者与胡安谈话的几分钟让他从不想上大学到决心上大学和能力的提高可知，那次谈话改变了他的生活。故选C项。【53题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的鼓励对他和他将要走的道路有多重要？A.opposition反对；B.encouragement鼓励；C.criterion标准；D.intervention干预。根据上文“I6toexplainhecouldapplyfor7topayforcollegeandthatit’dbeawasteofconsiderable8ifhedidn’tattendcollege.”可知，此处表示作者对胡安的鼓励。故选B项。【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我和胡安的经历促使我决定留在教室里。A.function起作用；B.negotiate协商；C.remain留下；D.inquire查询。根据上文“Ourexperiencestogether1uponmethegreatinfluencethatjustafewminutesofkindnesscanhaveonayounglife.”可知，作者体会到了自己的学生的积极影响，因此选择继续留在教室里。故选C项。【55题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可能开的不是这条街上最好的车，但我在最重要的方面非常富有。A.counts重要；B.occurs发生；C.comes来；D.exists存在。结合上文作者对学生的影响可知，虽然在物质方面有不足，但是在重要的方面非常富有。故选A项。第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分,满分15分）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。LiuKeng-hung’ssocialmediaisgrowinginpopularitythankstohislockdownexercisevideos.LiuKeng-hung,____56____fitnessinstructor,isenjoyingan____57____(explode)inhissocialmediapresenceasmillionsofpeopleinChinahaveturnedtohimforexerciseideasasthey____58____(stick)inlockdownstopreventthespreadofCovid-19.Thetrainer,LiuKeng-hung,____59____sometimeshadamodest20,000viewersforhisvideos____60____thelockdownsinsomeChinesecities,nowhas33.2millionfollowers,andtheaccountcontinuestogrowrapidly.Liu,aTaiwanesesingerandaclosefriendofpopsuperstarJayChou,runsatwo-hourlivestreameverydaytoleadhisfollowers____61____asetofexercise.Theyhavebecomemuch____62____(popular)becauseLiubringsalotofhumortohislessonsanddesignsthem____63____(specific)tobehelpfulduringat-ho