2025年中考英语二轮复习讲义定语从句

定语从句1.定义：用来修饰名词或代词的从句例如：Sheisabeautifulgirl（whoteachesEnglish.）先行词关系词（定语从句）2.关系词作用：连接作用：连接先行词和从句代替先行词：在句子中充当成分限制性定语从句关系词先行词关系代词关系副词主语宾语表语定语状语人That或whoThat或who或whom或不填That或不填WhoseWhenWhereWhy介词+which物That或whichThat或which或不填注意：whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhich/ofwhom=ofwhich/ofwhom+the+n.例如：Theycametoahousewhosebackwallhadbrokendown.=Theycametoahousethebackwallofwhichhadbrokendown.=TheycametoahouseofwhichthebackwallhadbrokendownHeisthemanthenameofwhomI‘vecompletelyforgotten.=HeisthemanofwhomthenameI‘vecompletelyforgotten.=HeisthemanwhosenameI‘vecompletelyforgotten.3.巩固提升YesterdayLiMingwenttothevillage_____________hevisitedfiveyearsago.A.whereB.whoC.that（which/不填）D.whom关系副词（不缺少成分）先行词是time,day,morning,night,week,year等,用关系副词when注意：当occasion表示“特定的时刻”，用关系副词when例如：DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn?先行词是place，spot，street，room，city等用关系副词where注意：当point，situation，case，condition，stage（阶段）等表达“情况，境地，场合”等抽象意义的地点时，用where例如：Thisisthehotelwheretheyarestaying先行词是reason，用why例如：Thatisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon.4.巩固提升Today,we’lldiscussanumberofcases____where_________beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.注意事项：a.关系副词（where/when/why）=介词+which介词后只能用which；介词根据先行词或动词搭配来选择例如：IwasinBeijingthatdaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.Theofficewhere(=in/atwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=forwhich)wedidit.b.当先行词表时间的time，day等和表地点的place，house等时，一定要注意分析关系词所在句子中所充当的成分。例如：I‘llneverforgettheday____when_______myhometownwasliberated.I‘llneverforgetthedays__that/which/不填_________wespenttogetherlastsummer.Hisfatherworksinafactory____where__________radiopartsaremade.Hisfatherworksinafactory_____that/which_________makesradioparts.c.when和where既可引导限制性定语从句又可以引导非限制性定语从句，why只能引导限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句：与主句关系不密切，附加说明，用“，”分开例如：Hismother，whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.非限制性定语从句关系词先行词关系副词主语宾语定语状语人whowho或whomWhoseWhenWhere物whichwhich其先行词可以是名词，代词还可以是整个句子（关系词可用as/which）关系词特殊用法：That与which，who,whom用法区别情况用法说明例句只用that的情况先行词为不定代词all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much先行词被不定代词all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few修饰时先行词被形容词最高级和序数词修饰时先行词指物且被theonly,thevery修饰时先行词既指人又指物句子中已有who或which，避免重复Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknew.只用which，who,whom的情况在非限制性定语从句中，指代物只能用which，指人用who/whom在由“介词+关系词”引导定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人先行词本身时that/those,指物时用关系词which，先行词为those/one/he,指人时，多用who1)Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.2)Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.3)ThatwhichIsayanddoismyownaffair.2.as与which区别定语从句区别例句限制性定语从句名词前有so,such.as,thesame修饰时，关系代词用asHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.非限制性定语从句都可以指代前面整个主句。As有正如的含义；放在主句前或后都可以，which有这的含义，只能放主句后3.先行词是theway,意为方式方法，且关系词在句中作状语时，关系词为