(完整)高考英语阅读理解科普类说明文4篇-较难(有答案)

高考英语说明文4篇1Hereisanastonishingandsignificantfact:Mentalworkalonecan’tmakeustire.Itsoundsabsurd/əb'sɜːd/荒谬的.Butayearsago,scientiststriedtofindouthowlongthehumanbraincouldlaborwithoutreachingastage

阶段offatigue

/fə'tiːg/(疲劳).Totheamazementofthesescientists,theydiscoveredthatbloodpassingthroughthebrain,whenitisactive,showsnofatigueatall!Ifwetookadropofbloodfromadaylaborer劳动者,wewouldfinditfulloffatiguetoxins

/'tɒksɪn/(毒素)andfatigueproducts.ButifwetookbloodfromthebrainofanAlbertEinstein,itwouldshownofatiguetoxinsattheendoftheday.Sofarasthebrainisconcerned,itcanworkaswellandswiftly很快地attheendofeightoreventwelvehoursofeffortasatthebeginning.Thebrainistotallytireless.Sowhatmakesustired?Somescientistsdeclarethatmostofourfatiguecomesfromourmentalandemotional(情绪的)attitudes.OneofEngland’smostoutstandingscientists,J.A.Hadfield,says,“Thegreaterpartofthefatiguefromwhichwesufferisofmentalorigin

/'ɒrɪdʒɪn/起源.Infact,fatigueofpurelyphysicaloriginisrare.”Dr.Brill,afamousAmericanscientist,goesevenfurther.Hedeclares,“Onehundredpercentofthefatigueofsittingworkeringoodhealthisduetoemotionalproblems.”Whatkindsofemotionsmakesittingworkerstired?Joy?Satisfaction?No!Afeelingofbeingbored,anger,anxiety

/æŋ'zaɪətɪ/焦虑,tenseness紧张,worry,afeelingofnotbeingappreciated---thosearetheemotionsthattiresittingworkers.Hardworkbyitselfseldomcausesfatigue.Wegettiredbecauseouremotionsproducenervousnessinthebody.1.Whatsurprisedthescientistsafewyearsago?A.Fatiguetoxinscouldhardlybefoundinalaborer’sblood.B.AlbertEinsteindidn’tfeelwornafteraday’swork.C.Thebraincouldworkformanyhourswithoutfatigue.D.Amentalworker’sbloodwasfilledwithfatiguetoxins.2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcanmakesittingworkerstired?A.Challengingmentalwork.B.Unpleasantemotions.C.Endlesstasks.D.Physicallabo3.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsthescientists’idea?A.Heagreeswiththem.B.Hedoubtsthem.C.Hearguesagainstthem.D.Hehesitatestoacceptthem.4.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatinordertostayenergetic,sittingworkersneedto________.A.havesomegoodfood.B.enjoytheirworkC.exerciseregularlyD.discoverfatiguetoxins2Theybabyisjustonedayoldandhasnotyetlefthospital.Sheisquietbutalert

/ə'lɜːt/（警觉）.Twentycentimeters厘fromherfaceresearchershaveplacedawhitecardwithtwoblackspotsonit.Shestaresatitcarefully.Aresearcherremovesthecardandreplacesitbyanother,thistimewiththespotsdifferentlyspaced.Asthecardschangefromonetotheother,hergaze（凝视）startstoloseitsfocus—untilathird,withthreeblackspots,ispresented.Hergazereturns:shelooksatitfortwiceaslongasshedidatthepreviouscard.Canshetellthatthenumbertwoisdifferentfromthree,just24hoursaftercomingintotheworld?Ordonewbornssimplyprefermoretofewer?Thesameexperiment,butwiththreespotsshownbeforetwo,showsthesamereturnofinterestwhenthenumberofspotschanges.Perhapsitisjustthenewness名，新奇?Whenslightlyolderbabieswereshowncardswithpicturesofobjects(acomb,akey,anorangeandsoon),changingthenumberofobjectshadaneffectseparatefromchangingtheobjectsthemselves.Coulditbethepatternthattwothingsmake,asopposedtothree?Noagain.Babiespaidmoreattentiontosquaresmovingrandomlyonascreenwhentheirnumberchangedfromtwotothree,orthreetotwo.Theeffectevencrossesbetweensenses.Babieswhowererepeatedlyshowntwospotsbecamemoreexcitedwhentheythenheardthreedrumbeatsthanwhentheyheardjusttwo;likewise（同样地）whentheresearchersstartedwithdrumbeatsandmovedtospots.5.TheexperimentdescribedinParagraph1isrelatedtothebaby’s__.A.senseofhearingB.senseofsightC.senseoftouchDsenseofsmell6.Babiesaresensitivetothechangein______.A.thesizeofcardsB.thecolourofpicturesC.theshapeofpatternsD.thenumberofobjects7.Whydidtheresearcherstestthebabieswithdrumbeats?A.Toreducethedifficultyoftheexperiment.B.Toseehowbabiesrecognizesounds.C.Tocarrytheirexperimentfurther.D.Tokeepthebabies’interest.8.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.Sciencefiction.B.Children’sliterature.C.Anadvertisement.D.Asciencereport3Lastnight’smeteor(流星)英

/'miːtɪə/showerleftmanypeopleinthecommunitydissatisfiedanddemanding苛求的；要求高的；吃力的answers.AccordingtoGabeRothsclild,EmeraldValley’smayor市长,peoplegatheredinthesuburbs

/'sʌbɜːb/ofthecity,carryingheavytelescopes,expectingtowatchthebrightlyburningmeteorspassingthroughthesky.Whattheyfoundinsteadwasaskysobrightenebythecity’slightsthatitdarkenedthelightofthemeteorspassingoverhead.“Myfamilywassofrustrated,”admittedtownresidentDuaneCosby,“Wewantedtomakethisanunforgettablefamilyouting,butitturnedouttobeahugedisappointments.”Astronomers-

/ə'strɒnəmə/n.天文学家--scientistswhostudystarsandplanets----havebeencomplainingaboutthisproblemfordecades.Theysaythatlightpollutionpreventsthemfromseeingobjectsintheskythattheycouldseequiteeasilyinthepast.Theycallonpeopleandthegovernmenttotakemeasurestofightagainstit.Thereisyetapopulationbesidesprofessionalandamateur

/ˈæmətə(r)/

美

/'æmə.tʃʊr/n.爱好者starobserversthatsuffersevenmorefromlightpollution.Thispopulationconsistsofbirds,batsfrogs,snakes,etc.Forexample,outdoorlightingseverelyaffectsmigrating(迁徙的)birds.AccordingtotheInternationalDark-SkyAssociation.“100millionbirdsayearthroughoutNorthAmericadieincrashes撞碎withlightedbuildingsandtowers.”Countlessmoreanimalscasualties(伤亡）resultfromtheuseofartificiallighting.Clearly,peopleenjoythebenefitsoflightingtheirevenings,butsomescientiststhinkitcanbeharmfulforhumans,too.Theyworrythatexposuretolightwhilesleepingcanincreaseperson’schancesofgettingcancer.EmeraldValleyisonlyonecommunitythatisbecomingawareofthenegativeeffectsoflightpollution.Foryears,Flagstaff,Arizona/,æri'zəunə/美

/,æri'zəunə/n.美国亚利桑那州,hasenforcedlightingregulationsinitscityinordertoassistastronomersattheLowellObservatory.英

/əb'zɜːvət(ə)rɪ/美

/əb'zɝvətɔri/n.天文台；气象台；瞭望台Similareffortshavebeenmadeworldwide,andamovementisunderway进行中的toremindustoturnofflightswhenwearenotusingthem,sothatothercreaturescansharethenight.9.Ithappenedlastnightthatthecity’slightsaffectedthemeteorwatchingB.themeteorsflewpastbeforebeingnoticedC.thecitylightshowattractedmanypeopleD.themeteorwatchingendedupasocialouting10.Whatdotheastronomerscomplainabout?A.MeteorshowersoccurlessoftenthanbeforeB.TheirobservationequipmentisinpoorrepairC.LightpollutionhasremainedunsolvedforyearsD.Theireyesightisfailingduetoartificiallighting11.WhattheauthorconcernedaboutaccordingtoParagraph4?A.BirdsmaytakeothermigrationpathsB.AnimalslivinghabitsmaychangesuddenlyC.VarietiesofanimalswillbecomesharplyreducedD.Animals’survivalisthreatenedbyoutdoorlighting12.LightingregulationsinFlagstaff,ArizonaareputintoeffecttoA.LessenthechanceofgettingcancerB.createanidealobservationconditionC.ensurecitizensagoodsleepatnightD.enableallcreaturestoliveinharmony13.Whatmessagedoestheauthormostwanttogiveus?A.SavingwildlifeissavingourselvesB.GreateffortsshouldbemadetosaveenergyC.HumanactivitiesshouldbeenvironmentallyfriendlyD.Newequipmentshouldbeintroducedforspacestudy4Almosteverymachinewithmovingpartshaswheels,yetnooneknowsexactlywhenthefirstwheelwasinventedorwhatitwasusedfor.Wedoknow，however，thattheyexistedover5,500yearsagoinancientAsia.Theoldestknowntransportwheelwasdiscoveredin2002inSlovenia.Itisover5，100yearsold.Evidencesuggeststhatwheelsfortransportdidn'tbecomepopularfor.while,though.Thiscouldbebecauseanimalsdidaperfectlygoodjobofcarryingfarmingtoolsandhumansaround.Butitcouldalsobebecauseofadifficultsituation.Whilewheelsneedtorollonsmoothsurfaces,roadswithsmoothsurfacesweren'tgoingtobeconstructeduntiltherewasplentyofdemandforthem.Eventually,roadsurfacesdidbecomesmoother,butthisdifficultsituationappearedagainafewcenturieslater.Therehadbeennoimportantchangesinwheelandvehicledesignbeforethearrivalofmodernroaddesign.Inthemid-1700s,aFrenchmancameupwithanewdesignofroad--abaselayer(层)oflargestonescoveredwithathinlayerofsmallerstones.AScotsman苏格兰人improvedonthisdesigninthe1820sandastrong,lastingroadsurfacebecameareality.Ataroundthesametime,metalhubs英

/hʌb/美

/hʌb/n.中心；毂；木片(thecentralpartofawheel)、came