高考英语阅读理解科普文(难度较高)

2014年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解拉分题（较难题

目）特训：节能环保类之马矢奏春创作

创作时间：贰零贰壹年柒月贰叁拾日

1

TheGoldmanEnvironmentalFoundationrecentlyrecognized

agroupofindividuals（个体）fortheireffortsto

protecttheenvironment.Eachyear,theAmerican-based

grouphonorsenvironmentalactivistsfromsixdifferent

areas.

Thefirstthreewinnersofthe2012GoldmanPrizeare

fromKenya,thePhilippinesandChina.

TheGoldmanEnvironmentalFoundationsaysIkaiAngeleiis

aherotothosewholivearoundLakeTurkana.TheKenyan

womanreceivedtheawardbecauseofhereffortstostopa

damprojectonariverinEthiopia.Criticssaythedam

willharmthelakeandrestrict（限制）theflowofwater

forpeoplewholivenearby.

ThePhilippineislandofMindoroishometothosewho

dependonthearea'snaturalresourcesforfoodandjobs.

EdwinGariguezbecameconcernedwhenaEuropeancompany

announcedplanstominefornickel（镇）ontheisland.

TheRomanCatholicministersaidwastematerialsfromthe

miningprojectwouldpollutethewateranddestroythe

forests.Sohestartedacampaigntostoptheproject.

InChina,MaJuneisworkingwithbusinessestocleanup

theirpollution.Heformedagroupthatcollects

informationaboutpollution,andpublishesitonthe

Internet.

TheGoldmanPrizewasalsoawardedtoactivistsfrom

Argentina,RussiaandtheUnitedStates.

SofiaGaticaofArgentinaisfromatownwherefarmers

commonlyusepesticide（杀虫剂I）productstoprotect

soybeancropsfrominsects.Thetownalsohasahighrate

ofcancer.SofiaGaticabelievedthatpesticideusewas

responsibleforthedeathofherbaby.Sheworkedwith

othermotherstogetgovernmentofficialstobantheuse

ofchemicalsnearpopulatedareas.

EvgeniaChirikovaobjectstotheplanstobuildaroad

throughaprotectedforestjustoutsideMoscow.Shehas

demandedthatRussianofficialsredirecttheroadaway

fromtheforest.Sheandherfollowershavebeenarrested

fortheiractivities.However,theircampaignhasgained

widespreadpublicsupport.

ThesixthwinnerisAmericanCarolineCannon-acommunity

leaderinPointHope,Alaska.MizCannonisfightingto

keepArcticwaterssafefromoilandgasexploration.

60.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat______.

A.thedamprojecthasbeenprevented

B.thefirstthreeactivistsareallfromAsia

C.aEuropeancompanyisgoingtodigfornickel

D.MaJuneistryingtostopoilandgasexploration

61.Fromthe7thparagraph,wecanknowthat.

A.pesticideuseaccountsforahigh-rateofcancer

B.Sofiamanagedtobantheuseofchemicals

C.thefarmersmainlyliveonunpollutedproducts

D.thedeathofthebabywasduetodelayedtreatment

62.WhatdoweknowaboutEvgeniaChirikova?

A.Sheplanstobuildaroadtoprotecttheforest.

B.Sheisinchargeofaprojectfarawayfromtheroad.

C.Shepersuadedthegovernmenttosetherfollowersfree.

D.Herenvironmentalactionhasbeenwidelyacknowledged.

63.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.SixAdvancedIndividualsforHardWork

B.EffortstoCreateaCleanandBeautifulWorld

C.SixEnvironmentalActivistsWinGoldmanPrize

D.TheGoldmanEnvironmentalFoundationPrize

2

SCSGlobalServices(SCS)hasevaluatedanew

methodologyformeasuringthecarbonsequestration(封

存)abilityofsoilundertheVerified(验证)Carbon

Standard(VCS),aleadinggreenhousegas(GHG)

accountingsystem.Themethodology,developedbyThe

EarthPartners,willallowlandmanagerswhosequester

GHGsingrasslandsandfarmlandstoproducecarbon

creditsforsaleinthevoluntarymarket.

Managersofgrasslandsandfarmlandscanincreasecarbon

sequestrationinsoilbypracticessuchaschanging

grazing（放牧）practicesandoperatingtreatments

designedtoimprovethe.varietyandproductivityofplant

groups.TheEarthPartnersispresentlypilotingthis

methodologywithfarmersacrosssevenmillionacresof

thePalouseRiverandColumbiaPlateauregionsinthe

PacificNorthwest.

“TheVCSprogramhasachievedanimportantmilestonein

nowcombininggrasslandandrangelandcarbonoffset（抵

消，抵偿）projects,z，saidDr.RobertJ.Hrubes,

ExecutiveVicePresidentofSCS.〃SCSlooksforwardto

approvingandverifyingagriculturalcarbonoffset

projectsthatusethisverypowerfulnewmethodology.z，

TheVM0021SoilCarbonQuantificationMethodologyis

basedondecadesofsoilcarbonresearchandtesting

conductedbytopsoilscientists.Themethodologywas

developedbyTheEarthPartnersandverifiedby

EnvironmentalServices,Inc.aswellasSCSGlobal

Services.Itisthefirstsoilcarbonmethodologytobe

approvedforuseundertheVCS.

“Thiswidelytestedmethodologyisthefirsttospecially

dealwithsoi1sinamarket,saidStevenT.Apfelbaum,

ChairmanofAppliedEcologicalServices,Inc.and

DirectorofSciencewithTheEarthPartners.Accordingto

Apfelbaum,soilsrepresentthesecondlargestlivingsink

ofcarbonontheplanet.

68.Thenewmethodologyisassessedaccordingto.

A.TheEarthPartnersB.theVerifiedCarbonStandard

C.EnvironmentalServices,Inc.D.AppliedEcological

Services,Inc.

69.Carbonsequestrationinsoilcanbestrengthenedby.

A.sellingcarboncreditsinthevoluntarymarket

B.changinggrazingpracticesandoperatingLreaLinefils

C.reducingthevarietyandproductivityofplantgroups

D.decreasingfarmlandsinthePacificNorthwest

70.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothe

passage?

A.TheVCSprogramprovestobesuccessfulincarbon

offsetprojects.

B.ManysoilCarbonMethodologieshavealreadybeen

approvedforuse.

C.Thenewmethodologyhasbeentestedinmanyfields

includingsoil.

D.Soilsseemtobethelargestlivingsinkofcarbonon

theplanet.

71.WhatistheattitudeofSCStowardsthenew

methodology?

A.Opposed.B.Cautious.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.

3

Rainforestishonetoaroundtwo-thirdsofallplantand

animalspeciesfoundonland一inadditiontomillionsof

peoplewhodependonthemforsurvival—ourremaining

ancientforestsaresomeofthemostdiverseecosystems

knowntoscience.Theyarealsovitallyimportanttothe

healthofourplanet,especiallywhenitcomesto

regulatingtheclimate.Butancientforestsaroundthe

worldareunderattack.

Protectingrainforestsisontheglobalagenda（议事日程）

inabigway.Governmentsnowrecognizetheimportanceof

protectingtropicalforestsinordertoavoiddangerous

climatechange,andthereisnowmuchdebate.As

governmentstrytothrashoutthedetailsofanew

internationalagreement,expectedtobesignedattheend

of2009,theyarediscussinghowbesttoincludemeasures

tosaverainforests,andthereforeaddressoneofthe

majorcausesofclimatechange.Worldwide,forest

destructioncausesmoregreenhousegasemissions（排放）

eachyearthandoallthetrains,planesandcarsonthe

planet.Soifwearetodealwithglobalwarming,there

isanurgentneedtofindwaystoreducethe20%of

globalgreenhousegasemissionscausedbyforest

destructioneachyear,andtokeeptheremainingforests

standing.

Weneedtoprotecttheplanet?sremainingforestsnot

onlytostopclimatechangefromgettingworse,butto

ensurethatwecanstandtheimpactsofglobalwarming.

Healthyforestsabsorbandstorequantitiesofcarbon,

helpingtoregulatetemperatureandgeneraterain.When

theyaredestroyed,thiscarbonisreleasedintothe

atmosphere.Thuskeepingforestsstandingisbotha

criticalpartofregulatingclimatechangeandof

adaptingtoawarmerworld.

Todate,mostofthetalkhasfocusedonhowtopayfor

reducingdeforestation（滥伐森林），ratherthanonhowto

actuallygoaboutdoingit.Webelievegovernmentsneed

tosupportlocalpeopletoprotecttheirenvironment,as

wehavebeenshowingfor20yearscanbeaveryeffective

wayofsavingrainforests.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassageis.

A.RainforestandClimateChange

B.StrategiesonProtectingRainforest

C.SeriousDeforestationtoRainforest

D.PresentSituationofRainforest

2.Fromthefirstparagraphwecaninferthat.

A.wehavelittlerainforestleftuntilnow

B.theancientforestsarebeingdestroyed

C.rainforestcontroltheplanetinmanyways

D.Rainforestishometoallplantsandanimalsonearth

3.Theunderlinedpart“thrashout”inthesecond

paragraphmeans.

A.trytounderstandB.comeupwithC.hideawayD.havea

thoroughdiscussion

4.Greenhousegasemissionscausedbyforestdestruction.

A.arethesameamountbytransportonearth

B.take20%ofglobalgreenhousegasemissions

C.canbeavoidedbysettingmeasuresonly

D.havenothingtodowithclimatechange

5.Fromthetextwecanlearnthathealthyforest.

A.cankeepushealthyandhappy

B.canincreasetheeffectfromglobalwarming

C.canbehelpfulinadjustingthetemperature

D.cangiveoutlargeamountsofcarbon

4

Riversmaybeasignificantsourceofthegreenhousegas

nitrousoxide（一氧化二氮），scientistsnowfind.

Theircalculationsuggeststhatacrosstheglobethe

waterwayscontributethreetimestheamountofnitrous

oxidetotheatmosphereashadbeenestimatedbythe

InternationalPanelonClimateChange（IPCC）,theUnited

Nationsscientificbodychargedwithreviewingclimate

changeresearch.Theyfoundthattheamountofnitrous

oxideproducedinstreamsisrelatedtohumanactivities

thatreleasenitrogen（氮）intotheenvironment,suchas

fertilizeruseandsewagedischarges.

Humanactivities,includingfossilfuelcombustionand

intensiveagriculture,haveincreasedtheavailabilityof

nitrogenintheenvironment,“saidJakeBeaulieuofthe

UniversityofNotreDameandtheU.S.Environmental

ProtectionAgencyinCincinnati,Ohio,andleadauthorof

thepaperpublishedthisweekinthejournalProceedings

oftheNationalAcademyofSciences.

“Muchofthisnitrogenistransportedintoriverand

streamnetworks,Beaulieusaid.There,microbes（微生物）

convertthenitrogenintonitrousoxide（alsocalled

laughinggas）andaninertgascalleddinitrogen（二氮）.

Thefindingisimportant,theresearcherssay,because

nitrousoxideisapowerfulgreenhousegasthat

contributestoclimatechangeanddestructionofthe

stratosphereJsozonelayer,whichprotectsusfromthe

sun,sharmfulultraviolet（紫外线）radiation.Compared

withcarbondioxide,nitrousoxideis300-foldmore

powerfulintermsofitswarmingpotential,thoughcarbon

dioxideisafarmorecommongreenhousegas.Scientists

estimatenitrousoxideaccountsforabout6percentof

human-inducedclimatechange.

Beaulieuandcolleaguesmeasurednitrousoxideproduction

ratesin72streams.Whensummedacrosstheglobe,the

resultsshowedriversandstreamsarethesourceofat

least10percentofhuman-causednitrousoxideemissions

totheatmosphere.

"Changesinagriculturalandland-usepracticesthat

resultinlessnitrogenbeingdeliveredtostreamswould

reducenitrousoxideemissionsfromrivernetworks,“

Beaulieusaid.

1.Fromthesecondparagraphwecan1earn.

A.actuallyriversgiveoffmuchmorenitrousoxidethan

expected

B.scientists*calculationistotallywrong

C.humanactivitiesreleasenitrousoxideintothe

rivers

D.thereisnonitrogeninfertilizer

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthesourceofnitrogen?

A.Fertilizeruse.

B.Sewagedischarges.

C.Fossilfuelcombustion.

D.Climatechange.

3.Nitrousoxideisapowerfulgreenhousegasbecause.

A.itcanprotectusfromthesun'sharmfulultraviolet

radiation

B.itistoblameformostofhuman-inducedclimate

change

C.itisafarmorecommongreenhousegas

D.ithasmuchmorewarmingpotentialthancarbondioxide

4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellsus?

A.Riversmaybeasourceofthegreenhousegasnitrous

oxide.

B.It'shumanactivitiesthatreleasenitrogenintothe

environment.

C.Howtoreducenitrousoxideemissionsfromriver

networks

DWhattodowiththeclimatechangecausedbynitrous

oxide.

5

TheMaldivesfacesthethreatofextinctionfromrising

sealevels,butthegovernmentsaidonThursdayitwas

lookingtothefuturewithplanstobuildhomesanda

golfcoursethatfloat.

Anincreaseinsealevelsofjust18to59centimeters

wouldmaketheMaldives-anationoftinycoralislands

intheIndianOcean-virtuallyuninhabitableby2100,the

UN'sclimatechangepanelhaswarned.

PresidentMohamedNasheedhasvowedafightforsurvival,

andlastmonthhesignedadealwithaDutchcompanyto

studyproposalsforafloatingstructurethatcould

supportaconferencecentre,homesandan18-holegolf

course.

“Itisstillearlystagesandweareawaitingareport

onthepracticality,“agovernmentofficialwhodeclined

tobenamedsaid.

Thecompany,DutchDocklands,iscurrentlybuilding

floatingdevelopmentsintheNetherlandsandDubai.There

wasnoimmediatecommentfromthefirmbutitswebsite

saiditundertookprojectsthatmake“landfromwaterby

providinglarge-scalefloatingconstructionstocreate

similarconditionsasonland”.

TheMaldivesbegantoworkonanartificialislandknown

astheHuihumalenearthecrowdedcapitalislandofMale

in1997andmorethan30,000peoplehavebeensettled

theretoeasecongestion.Thecity,whichhasa

populationof100,000,isalreadyprotectedfromrising

sealevelsbya30-mi11ion-dollarseawall,andthe

governmentisconsideringincreasinglyimaginativeways

tocombatclimatechange.

Nasheed,whostagedtheworld?sfirstunderwatercabinet

meetinginOctobertohighlighthispeople'sseriousand

difficultsituation,hasevenspokenofbuyingland

elsewhereintheworldtoenableMaldivianstorelocate

iftheirhomesarecompletedcovered.

Hehasalsopromisedtoturnhisnationintoamodelfor

therestoftheworldbybecomingucarbonneutral”by

2020.Hisplaninvolvesendingfossilfueluseand

poweringallvehiclesandbuildingsfrom“green”

sourcessuchasburningcoconuthusks.

1.WhydoyouthinkMohamedNasheedchoseDutchDocklands?

A.Becauseithasexperienceinbuildingfloating

structure.

B.Becauseithasagoodfamethroughouttheworld.

C.Becauseitchargedmuchlessthanothercompanies.

D.Becauseitsupportsbuildingfloatingstructuresin

theworld.

2.TheHuihumalewasbuiltwiththepurposeof.

A.attractingmorevisitors

B.makingitanewcapital

C.makingthecapitallesscrowded

D.fightingagainstclimatechange

3.Accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs,Nasheedisa

personwho.

A.hassucceededinbuyinglandabroad

B.ismorethanwell-known

C.hasthoughtmoreforhisnation

D.hasstoppedusingfossilfuel

4.Theunderlinedword“vowed”inparagraph3canbe

WordStrdby.

A.endedB.promisedC.failedD.weighed

6

PLAYAGRANDE,COSTARICA?Thisresorttownwaslongknown

forLeatherbackSeaTurtle（棱皮龟）nationalPark,

nightlyturtlebeachtoursandevenaseaturtlemuseum.

However,onabeachwheredozensofturtlesusedtonest

onagivennight,scientistsspiedonly32leatherbacks

alloflastyear.

Withleatherbacksthreatenedwithextinction（灭绝），

PlayaGrande*sturtlemuseumwasabandonedthreeyears

agoandnowsitsamongaseaofweeds.Andthebeachside

ticketofficeforturtletourswaswashedawaybyahigh

tideinSeptember."Wedonotpromotethatasaturtle

tourismdestinationanymorebecausewerealizethereare

fartoofewturtlestoplease,“saidAlvaroFonseca,a

parkranger（管理员）.

Evenbeforescientistsfoundtemperaturesgoingupover

thepastdecade,seaturtleswerethreatenedbybeach

development,driftnetfishingandCostaRicansinterest

ineatingturtleeggs.Butclimatechangemaycausethe

mostseriousharntoananimalthathaslivedinthe

Pacificfor150millionyears.

Seaturtlesaresensitivetonumerouseffectsofwarming.

Theyfeedonreefs,whicharedyinginhotterseas.They

layeggsonbeachesthatarebeingcoveredbyrisingseas

andmoreviolentwaves.

Moreuniquelytheirgender（性别）isdetermined,notby

genesbutbytheegg'stemperatureduringdevelopment.

Smallrisesinbeachtemperaturescanresultinail-

femalepopulations,obviouslyproblematicforsurvival.

Ifthesandaroundtheeggshits30degreesCelsius,the

genderbalanceshitstofemales:atabout32degreesthey

areallfemale.Above34,yougetboiledeggs.

Onsomenestingbeaches,scientistsareartificially

coolingnestswithshadeorirrigationandtryingto

protectbroaderareasofcoastalpropertyfrom

developmenttoensurethatturtleshaveaplacetonest

astheseasrise.

5.Whydoestheresorttownstoppromotingit'sturtle

tourism?

A.Itdecidesnottodisturbtheturtles,normallife.

B.Touristshavelostinterestinwatchingturtles.

C.Thereareonlyveryfewturtlesnow.

D.Theturtlemuseumwasdestroyedbyahightide.

6.Whichofthefollowingisthemajorfactorinthe

turtlesendangerment?

A.Thelocalseatinghabit.

B.Driftnetfishing.

C.Beachdevelopment.

D.Globalwarming.

7.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatscientists.

A.aredoingresearchonthesearise

B.aremovingturtlestonewhomes

C.areprotectingturtles'nests

D.aregettingridofseaweeds

8.Thepassageintendsto.

A.introduceaspecialkindofseaturtle

B.explainthemysteryofturtles'eggs

C.showthedangersacertainkindofturtleisfacing

D.attractmorevisitorstoaseaturtlemuseum

7

Sometimes,thesimplestideasarethebest.Forexample,

toabsorbheatfromthesuntoheatwater,youneedlarge,

flat,blacksurfaces.Onewaytodothatistobuild

thosesurfacesspecially,ontheroofsofbuildings.But

whygotoallthattroublewhencitiesarefullofblack

surfacesalready,intheformofasphalt（柏油）roads?

Tenyearsago,thisthoughtcameintothemindofArian

deBondt,aDutchengineer.Hefinallypersuadedhisboss

tofollowitup.Theresultisthattheirbuildingisnow

heatedinwinterandcooledinsummerbyasystemthat

reliesonthesurfaceoftheroadoutside.

Theheat-collectorisasystemofconnectedwaterpipes.

Mostofthemrunfromonesideofthestreettotheother,

justundertheasphaltroad.Some,however,divedeep

intotheground.

Whenthestreetsurfacegetshotinsummer,waterpumped

throughthepipespicksupthisheatandtakesit

undergroundthroughoneofthedivingpipes.Atadepth

of100metresliesanaturalaquifer（蓄水层）intowhich

severalheatexchangers（交换器）havebeenbuilt.Thehot

waterfromthestreetrunsthroughtheseexchangers,

warmingtheground-water,beforereturningtothesurface

throughanotherpipe.Theaquiferisthususedasaheat

store.

Inwinter,theworkingsystemischangedslightly.Water

ispumpedthroughtheheatexchangerstopickuptheheat

storedduringsummer.Thiswatergoesintothebuilding

andisusedtowarmtheplaceup.Afterperformingthat

task,itispumpedundertheasphaltanditsremaining

heatkeepstheroadfreeofsnowandice.

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirst

twoparagraphs?

A.AriandeBondtgothisideafromhisboss.

B.Large,flat,blacksurfacesneedtobebuiltincities.

C.TheDutchengineer,ssystemhasbeenwidelyused.

D.Heatcanalsobecollectedfromasphaltroads.

2.Forwhatpurposearethedivingpipesused?

A.Toabsorbheatfromthesun.

B.Tostoreheatforfutureuse.

C.Toturnsolarenergyintoheatenergy.

D.Tocarryheatdownbelowthesurface.

3.Fromthelastparagraphwecanlearnthat.

A.somepipeshavetobere-arrangedinwinter

B.thesystemcandomorethanwarmingupthebuilding

C.theexchangerswillpickupheatfromthestreet

surface

D.lessheatmaybecollectedinwinterthaninsummer

4.Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraph

thatfollows?

A.Whatweshalldoifthesystemgoeswrong.

B.Whatweshalldoiftherearenoasphaltroads.

C.Howthesystemcoolsthebuildinginsummer.

D.Howthesystemcollectsheatinspringandautumn.

8

Wealreadyknowthefastest,leastexpensivewaytoslow

climatechange:Uselessenergy.Withalittleeffort,and

notmuchmoney,nostofuscouldreduceourenergydiets

by25percentormore一doingtheEarthafavorwhilealso

helpingourwallets.

Notlongago,mywife,PJ,andItriedanewdiet—notto

losealittleweightbuttoansweranannoyingquestion

aboutclimatechange.Scientistshavereportedrecently

IhaItheworldishealingupevenfasterthanpredicted

onlyafewyearsago,andthattheconsequencescouldbe

severeifwedon'tkeepreducingemissions(排放)of

carbondioxide(C02)andothergreenhousegasesthatare

trappingheatinouratmosphere.

Wedecidedtotryanexperiment.Foronemonthwe

recordedourpersonalemissionsofC02.Wewantedtosee

howmuchwecouldcutback,sowewentonastrictdiet.

TheaverageUShousehold（家庭）producesabout150pounds

ofC02adaybydoingcommon-placethingsliketurningon

air-conditioningordrivingcars.That'smorethantwice

theEuropeanaverageandalmostfivetimestheglobal

average,mostlybecauseAmericansdrivemoreandhave

biggerhouses.Buthowmuchshouldwetrytoreduce?

Forananswer,IcheckedwithTimFlannery,authorofThe

WeatherMakers:HowManIsChangingtheClimateandWhat

ItMeansforLifeonEarth.Inhisbook,hehad

challengedreaderstomakedeepcutsinpersonal

emissionstokeeptheworldfromreachingextremely

importanttippingpoints,suchasthemelting（融化）of

theicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarctica."Tostay

belowthatpoint,weneedtoreduceC02emissionsby80

percent,“hesaid.

Goodadvice,Ithought.I'dopenedourbedroomwindows

toletinthewind.We'dgottensousedtokeepingour

air-conditioninggoingaroundtheclock.I'dalmost

forgottenthewindowsevenopened.Weshouldnotletthis

happenagain.IVstimeforustochangeourhabitsif

necessary.

1.Whydidtheauthorandhiswifetryanewdiet?

A.Totakespecialkindsoffood.

B.Torespondtoclimatechange.

C.Toloseweight.

D.Toimprovetheirhealth.

2.Theunderlinedwords“tippingpoints”mostprobably

referto.

A.freezingpointsB.burningpoints

C.meltingpointsD.boilingpoints

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

A.itisnecessarytokeeptheair-conditioningonall

thetime

B.itseemspossibleforeveryhouseholdtocutemissions

ofCO,

C.theaverageUShouseholdproducesabout3,000pounds

ofC02amonth

D.theaverageEuropeanhouseholdproducesabout1,000

poundsofC02amonth

4.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefor

thispassage?

A.SavingEnergyStartsatHome

B.ChangingOurHabitsBeginsatWork

C.ChangingClimateSoundsReasonable

D.ReducingEmissionsofC02ProvesDifficult

9

Theneedtofeedagrowingpopulationisputtingmuch

pressureontheworld'ssupplyofwater.With97%ofthe

worldJswatertoosaltytobedrunkorusedin

agriculture,theworldwidesupplyofwaterneedscareful

management,especiallyinagriculture.Althoughtheidea

ofawatershortage（短缺）seemsstrangetosomeone

fortunateenoughtoliveinahighrainfallcountry,many

oftheworld'sagriculturalindustriesexperience

constantwatershortages.

Althoughdamscanbebuilttostorewaterfor

agriculturaluseindryareasanddryseasons,thecosts

ofwaterredistribution（重影1分酉己）areveryhigh.Not

onlyistherethecostoftheengineeringitself,but

thereisalsoanenvironmentalcosttobeconsidered.

Wherevalleys（山谷）arefloodedtocreatedams,houses

arelostandwildlifehomesdestroyed.Besides,watermay

floweasilythroughpipestofields,butitcannotbe

transportedfromonesideoftheworldtotheother.Each

countrymustthereforerelyonthemanagementofitsown

watertosupplyitsfarmingrequirements.

Thisisparticularlytroublingforcountrieswith

agriculturalindustriesinareasdependentonirrigation

（灌溉）.InTexas,farmers?overuseofirrgationwater

hasresultedina25%reductionofthewaterstores.In

theCentralVaileyareaofsouthwesternUSA,ahugewater

engineeringprojectprovidedwaterforfarmingindry

valleys,butmuchofthewaterusehasbeenpoorly

managed.

SaudiArabia,sattemptstogrowwheatindesertareas

haveseenthepimpingofhugequantitiesofirrigation

waterfromundergroundreserves.Becausethereisno

rainfallintheseareas,suchreservescanonlydecrease,

anditisbelievedthatfiftyyearsofpumpingwillsee

themrundry.

1.Fromthefirsttwoparagraphswelearnthat.

A.muchoftheworld'swaterisavailableforuse

B.peopleinhighrainfallcountriesfeellucky

C.thecostsofwaterredistributionshouldbeconsidered

D.watercanbeeasilycarriedthroughpipesacrossthe

world

2.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.ThewaterstoresinTexashavebeenreducedby75%.

B.Mostindustriesintheworldsufferfromwater

shortages.

C.TheundergroundwaterinSaudiArabiamightrunoutin

50years.

D.Goodmanagementofwateruseresultedfromtheproject

intheCentralValley.

3.Whatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraph

thatfollows?

A.Stepstoimprovingwaterusemanagement.

B.Waystoreducethecostsofbuildingdams.

C.Measurestodealwithworldwidewatershortages.

D.Approachestohandlingthepressureonwatersupply.

4.Thetextismainlyabout.

A.watersupplyandincreasingpopulation

B.waterusemanagementandagriculture

C.waterredistributionandwildlifeprotection

D.watershortagesandenvironmentalprotection

10

Businessesarewitnessingadifficulttime,whichhasin

turnproducedinflue