高中英语常考词根词缀

1

派生法一：使用后缀

通过为单词加入后缀构成另一个词，后缀一般只改变词性，不改变词义。

1形容词、动词变名词

-ence,-ance结尾名词

存在exist-existence

发生occur-occurrence

查阅/参考refer-reference

更喜欢/偏好prefer-preference

不同differ-difference

接受accept-acceptance

出现/夕卜表appear-appearance

履行perform-performance

抵制resist-resistance

指导guide-guidance

进入enter-entrance

保险insure-insurance

帮助assist-assistance

忍受endure-endurance/tolerate-tolerance

-tion,・sion结尾的名词

生产produce-production

介绍introduce-introduction

消费consume-consumption

减少reduce-reduction

认为/假设

assume-assumption/suppose-supposition

毁灭destroy-destruction

描写describe-description

打断interrupt-interruption

采纳/收养adopt-adoption

防止prevent-prevention

接收/接待处receive-reception

解决solve-solution

进化evolve-evolution

建议suggest-suggestion

编辑/版本edit-edition

展览exhibit-exhibition

打算/意图intend-intention

认出recognize-recognition

解释/定义define-definition

保护protect-protection

方向/指导direct-direction

指令instruct-instruction

建设construct-construction

注射inject-injection

感染infect-infection

驳斥reject-rejection

反对object-objection/oppose-opposition

连接connect-connection

收集collect-collection

纠正correct-correction

视察inspect-inspection

挨饿starve-starvation

组织organize-organization

文明civilize-civilization

认知realize-realization

考试examine-examination

决定determine-determination

形成form-formation

通知inform-information

想象imagine-imagination

运输transport-transportation

邀请invite-invitation

期待expect-expectation

诱惑tempt-temptation

改编/适应adapt-adaptation

移民immigrate-immigration

模仿imitate-imitation

准备prepare-preparation

探索explore-exploration

考虑consider-consideration

宣布deciare-declaration

装饰decorate-decoration

激发/灵感inspire-inspiration

放松/休闲relax-relaxation

交流communicate-communication

占用/月只业occupy-occupation

满足satisfy-satisfaction

申请、应用apply-application

暗示imply-implication

推荐recommend-recommendation

口译、理解interpret-interpretation

结合combine-combination

操作、手术operate-operation

犹豫hesitate-hesitation

教育educate-education

定位locate-location

指出indicate-indication

参力口participate-participation

计算calculate-calculation

欣赏、感激appreciate-appreciation

联想、协会associate-association

分离separate-separation

冬眠hibernate-hibernation

赔偿compensate-compensation

调查investigate-investigation

庆祝celebrate-celebration

祝贺congratulate-congratulation

翻译translate-translation

积累accumulate-accumulation

力口速accelerate-acceleration

捐赠donate-donation

解放liberate-liberation

动力motivate-motivation

革新innovate-innovation

集中concentrate-concentration

游彳亍、示威demonstrate-demonstration

贡献contribute-contribution

分发distribute-distribution

促进promote-promotion

致力devote-devotion/dedicate-dedication

沮丧

frustrate-frustration/depress-depression

印象impress-impression

表达express-expression

拥有、财产possess-possession

讨论discuss-discussion

扩大expand-expansion

延伸extend-extension

承认admit-admission

允许permit-permission

排放emit-emission

爆炸explode-explosion

结论conclude-conclusion

决定decide-decision

划分divide-division

迷惑confuse-confusion

-merit结尾的名词

广告advertise-advertisement

同意agree-agreement

惊奇amaze-amazement

吃惊astonish-astonishment

通告announce-announcement

安排arrange-arrangement

评估assess-assessment

发展develop-development

失望disappoint-disappointment

雇佣、就业employ-employment

鼓舞encourage-encouragement

款待、娱乐entertain-entertainment

装备equip-equipment

统治、政府govern-government

改进improve-improvement

投资invest-investment

卷入involve-involvement

管理manage-management

惩罚punish-punishment

要求require-requirement

退休retire-retirement

定居settle-settlement

陈述state-statement

对待、招待、治疗treat-treatment

以...为基础base-basement

人行道pave-pavement

完成achieve-achievement;

accomplish-accomplishment

-ness结尾的名词

形容词变名词：

意识

aware-awareness/conscious-consciousness

苦bitter-bitterness

盲目blind-blindness

冷静calm-calmness

聪明clever-cleverness

疯狂crazy-craziness

渴望eager-eagerness

公平fair-fairness

愚蠢foolish-foolishness

适合fit-fitness

幸福、愉快happy-happiness

疾病ill-illness

友好kind-kindness

懒惰lazy-laziness

孤独lonely-loneliness

宁静quiet-quietness

悲伤sad-sadness

严重性serious-seriousness

甜美sweet-sweetness

稳定steady-steadiness

厚度thick-thickness

累tired-tiredness

弱点weak-weakness

冷cold-coldness

紧张nervous-nervousness

思乡homesick-homesickness

粗心careless-carelessness

自私selfish-selfishness

无私

selfless-selflessness/unselfishunselfishness

无助helpless-helplessness

无望hopeless-hopelessness

-age结尾的名词

婚姻marry-marriage

短缺short-shortage

储存store-storage

包裹pack-package

车厢carry-carriage

通道pass-passage

-th结尾的名词

温暖warm-warmth

真理true-truth

死亡dead-death

成长grow-growth

-ure结尾的名词

快乐please-pleasure

离开depart-departure

暴露expose-exposure

压力press-pressure

失败fail-failure

混合mix-mixture

签名sign-signature

-ce结尾的名词

形容词转变为名词：

缺席absent-absence

出席present-presence

信心confident-confidence

方便convenient-convenience

不同different-difference

勤奋diligent-diligence

远的、品巨离distant-distance

明显的、证据evident-evidence

优秀excellent-excellence

重要important-importance

独立independent-independence

天真innocent-innocence

智力intelligent-intelligence

公正just-justice

耐patient-patience

浪漫romantic-romance

沉默silent-silence

暴力violent-violence

动词转化为名词：

冒3巳offend-offence

防御defend-defense/defence

建议advise-advice

设施devise-device

-dom结尾的名词

自由free-freedom

王国king-kingdom

智慧wise-wisdom

-hood结尾的名词

孩童时代childhood

男孩时代boyhood

邻里neighborhood

-ship结尾的名词

所有权ownership

锦标赛championship

友谊friendship

手艺craftsmanship

奖学金scholarship

领导力leadership

艰难hardship

关系relationship

-ing结尾的名词

农业farming

变暖warming

园艺gardening

学业schooling

绘画painting

意思meaning

绘画drawing

训练training

录音tape-recording

衣物clothing

感觉feeling

十字路口crossing

工资earnings

问候greeting

储蓄savings

发生的事happenings

发现findings

贝才产belongings

痛苦sufferings

贡品offerings

环境surroundings

保龄球bowling

举重weight-lifting

射击shooting

摔跤wrestling

名词、动词变形容词

-y结尾的形容词

名词变形容词：

阳光灿烂的sun-sunny

多雨的rain-rainy

被雪覆盖的snow-snowy

有风的wind-windy

有暴风雪的storm-stormy

寒冷的chill-chilly

多雾的fog-foggy

有霜的frost-frosty

冰冷的ice-icy

阴沉的gloom-gloomy

布满星辰的star-starry

泥泞的mud-muddy

布满灰尘的dust-dusty

脏的dirt-dirty

健康的health-healthy

富有的wealth-wealthy

霸道的boss-bossy

臭的smell-smelly

美味的taste-tasty

咸的salt-salty

皮包骨的skin-skinny

贪婪的greed-greedy

迅速的speed-speedy

棘手的、狡猾的trick-tricky

动词变形容词：

爱挑剔的choose-choosy/pick-picky

黏的stick-sticky

悦耳易记的catch-catchy

害怕的scare-scary

滑溜的slip-slippery

-al,-ial结尾的形容词

全球的globe-global

文化的culture-cultural

农业的agriculture-agricultural

情景的situation-situational

有条件的condition-conditional

环境的environment-environmental

化学的chemistry-chemical

医学的medicine-medical

原始的origin-original

政治的politics-political

实际的practice-practical

理论的theory-theoretical

音乐的music-musical

感情的emotion-emotional

国家的nation-national

自然的nature-natural

个人的person-personal

偶尔的occasion-occasional

精神上的mind-mental

身体上的physics-physical

偶然的accident-accidental

教育的education-educational

技术上的technique-technical

心理上的psychology-psychological

沿海的coast-coastal

种族的race-racial

面部的face-facial

工业的industry-industrial

金融的finance-financial

商业的commerce-commercial

官方的office-official

有益的benefit-beneficial

典型的type-typical

有影响的influence-influential

-ful,-less结尾的形容词

感激的thank-thankful=grateful

充足的plenty-plentiful

美丽的beauty-beautiful

成功的success-successful

可怕的awe-awful

忠实的faith-faithful

和平的peace-peaceful

高兴的

joy-joyful/cheer-cheerful=enjoyable

非常干净的spot-spotless

无休止的end-endless

无家可归的home-homeless

无工作的job-jobless=unemployed

身无分文的penny-penniless

无私的self-selfless=unselfish

无目标的aim-aimless

无线的wire-wireless

无限的limit-limitless

珍贵的/无价的

price-priceless=invaluable

毫无价值的

value-valueless/worth-worthless

无语的speech-speechless

上气不接下气的breath-breathless

小心的，粗心的care-careful,careless

多彩的，无色的

color-colorfulzcolorless

有用的，无用的use-useful,useless

成果丰硕的，无成效的

fruit-fruitful,fruitless

强大的，无能力的

power-powerful,powerless

有意义的，无意义的meaning-meaningful

meaningless=pointless=senseless

痛苦的，不痛的

pain-painfulzpainless

后悔的，无悔的

regret-regretful,regretless

有害的，无害的

harm-harmfulzharmless

闲适宁静的，躁动不安的

rest-restful,restless

优雅的，粗鲁的

grace-graceful,graceless

抱有希望的，无望的

hope-hopefulrhopeless

有帮助的/愿意帮忙的，无助的

help-helpful,helpless

考虑周到的/不周到的

thought-thoughtfulfthoughtless

■⑴OUS结尾的形容词

名词变形容词:

许多的number-numerous

多山的mountain-mountainous

冒险的adventure-adventurous

紧张的nerve-nervous

有毒的poison-poisonous

危险的danger-dangerous

灾难的disaster-disastrous

心的caution-cautious

营养的nutrition-nutritious

宗教的religion-religious

宽敞的space-spacious

有抱负的ambition-ambitious

神秘的mystery-mysterious

•able,・(s)ible结尾的形容词

（不）可预见的

predict-(un)predictable

(不)可避免的avoid-(un)avoidable

(不)可忘的forget-(un)forgettable

(不)想要的desire-(un)desirable

(不)舒服的comfort-(un)comfortable

有(不)利的favor-(un)favorable

(不)合适的suit-(un)suitable

(不)可忍受的bear-(un)bearable

(不)可忍受的endure-(un)endurable

(不)可信的believe-(un)believable

(不)可信的credit-(in)credible

(不)可接近的access-(in)accessible

看(不)见的view-(in)visible

(不)可治愈的cure-(in)curable

支付得起的afford-affordable

适应力强的adapt-adaptable

可更新的renew-renewable

便携的port-portable

多变的change-changeable

可吃的eat-eatable

可依靠的rely-reliable

可行的work-workable

有价值的value-valuable

合理的reason-reasonable

高兴的enjoy-enjoyable

流行的fashion-fashionable

-tive结尾的形容词

动词变形容词：

多产的produce-productive

迷人的attract-attractive

有创造力的create-creative

保护的protect-protective

预防性的prevent-preventive

健谈的talk—talkative

可共替代的alter-alternative

相关的relate-relative

有教育意义的instruct-instructive

有竞争力的compete-competitive

名词变形容词：

有效的effect-effective

贵的expense-expensive

-tic,・fic结尾的形容词

系统的system-systematic

科学的science-scientific

戏剧般的drama-dramatic

浪漫的romance-romantic

有同情心的sympathy-sympathetic

精力充沛的energy-energetic

-en结尾的形容词

羊毛的wool-woolen

金色的gold-golden

木制的wood-wooden

以-some结尾的形容词

英俊的hand—handsome

令人惊叹的awe-awesome

令人烦恼的trouble-troublesome

烦人的tire-tiresome

・ly结尾的形容词

致命的dead-deadly

活跃的live-lively

友好的friend-friendly

兄弟般的brother-brotherly

有次序的order・orderly

昂贵的cost-costly

每月的month-monthly

每天的day-daily

3

形容词、名词变动词

-fy结尾的动词

净化pure-purify

简化simple-simplify

美化beautiful-beautify

使合理化just-justify

使恐惧terrible-terrify

使震惊horrible-horrify

合格化quality-qualify

分类class—classify

认出identity-identify

认识至real-realize

使现代化modern-modernize

使工业化industrial-industrialize

使普及popular-popularize

集权central-centralize

使全球化global-globalize

使理想化ideal-idealize

使稳定stable-stabilize

使正常化normal-normalize

社会化social-socialize

使专门化special-specialize

使物质化material-materialize

总结summary-summarize

记忆memory-memorize

-en结尾的动词

变暗dark-darken

力口快quick-quicken

削尖sharp-sharpen

削弱weak-weaken

松开loose-loosen

变紧tight-tighten

软化soft-soften

使更明亮bright-brighten

恶化bad-worsen

减少little-lessen

减轻/变亮light-lighten

变黑black-blacken

加宽broad-broaden

缩短short-shorten

力口深deep-depth-deepen

力口长long-length-lengthen

加宽wide-width-widen

力口高high-height-heighten

力口强strong-strength-strengthen

结尾的动词（注意发音变化）

n.-v.

洗澡bath-bathe

呼吸breath-breathe

给..穿衣cloth-clothe

2

派生法二：使用前缀

通过为单词加入前缀构成另一个词，前缀一般不改变词性，只改变词义。

超过over-

无意中听到overhear

超过overtake

睡过头oversleep

推翻overthrow/overturn

人口过剩overpopulation

克月员overcome

忽略/俯视overlook

重新re-

康复/找回recover

脱（衣服等）/移开remove

续借/更换/续签renew

回收利用recycle

替代replace

使恢复精力refresh

改革reform

复习review

前的pre-

前提precondition

预告predict

战前的prewar

幼儿园preschool

预演preview

前的ex-

前妻ex-wife

前总统ex-president

后的post-

战后的post-war

研究生postgraduate

多的multi-

多媒体multimedia

多元文化的multicultural

多项选择的multiple-choice

远的tele-

电话telephone

电视television

电报telegram

电信telecommunications

望远镜telescope

相互的inter-

面试interview

国际的international

互联网internet

相互作用interact

微小的micro-

麦克风microphone

微波microwave

微软microsoft

显微镜microscope

自动的auto-

汽车automobile

自传autobiography

亲笔签名autograph

自动地automatically

副的vice-

副总统vice-president

副总理vice-premier

生态的eco-

生态学ecology

生态系统ecosystem

生态友好的eco-friendly

潜/次一级sub-

潜意识subconscious

亚热带的subtropical

地铁subway

潜水艇submarine

郊区的suburban

副标题subtitle

半semi-

办熟练semi-skilled

半决赛semi-final

三轮车tricycle

三角形triangle

横跨trans-

转移transfer

转变transform

传播transmit

移植transplant

3

派生法三：表否定的前缀或后缀

in-,im-/il-,ir-

不活跃的inactive

不贵的inexpensive

缺乏经验的inexperienced

随便的informal

不完整的incomplete

不方便的inconvenient

独立的independent

间接的indirect

不重要的insignificant

无能力的incapable/incompetent

不合适的improper/inappropriate

不精确的

inaccurate/incorrect/inexact

不充足的inadequate/insufficient

不成熟的immature

不耐烦的impatient

不完美的imperfect

不可能的impossible

不礼貌的impolite

不合逻辑的illogical

不合法的illegal

不规则的irregular

不负责的irresponsible

un-

不寻常的unusual

不安的uneasy

不公平的unfair/unjust

不知道的unaware/unconscious

不确定的Uncertain

不受欢迎的unpopular

不普通的uncommon

不愉快的unpleasant

不重要的unimportant

不必要的unnecessary

不成功的unsuccessful

没被注意unnoticed

不整洁的untidy

不合理的unreasonable

未完成的unfinished/undone

脱衣undress

打开unfold

卸车unload

开……的锁unlock

解冻unfreeze

出土/挖掘unearth

拧开uncover

解开undo/unpack

揭露uncover

dis-

消失disappear

不鼓励discourage

揭露disclose

发现discover

不同意disagree

不同意disapprove

不服从disobey

不诚实的dishonest

不满意的dissatisfied

可耻的disgraceful

弱点disadvantage

絮乱disorder

mis-

误导(v.)mislead

误导的(adj.)misleading

误解(v.)misunderstand

滥用misuse

误解(n.)misunderstanding

拼错misspell

不信任mistrust

anti-

防空的anti-aircraft

防冻剂antifreeze

抗日战争Anti-J叩aneseWar

反社会的antisocial

de-

降级degrade

减少decrease

贬值devalue

解冻defrost

毁林deforestation

虐待ill-treat

信息不足的ill-informed

不礼貌的ill-mannered

不合时宜的ill-timed

不合适的ill-fitting

没教养的ill-bred

考虑欠周的ill-considered

不健康的illhealth

non-

非营利的non-profit

直达的non-stop

不吸烟者non-smoker

防滑的non-slip

废话nonsense

非暴力non-violence

不可再生资源

non-renewableresources

-free

无忧无虑的carefree

无利息的interest-free

免税的duty-free

-proof

防水的waterproof

防震的shockproof

4

1

合成形容词

adj.+present

漂亮的good-looking

闻着芳香的sweet-smelling

随和的easy-going

长相一般的ordinary-looking

adv.+presentparticiple

永久的ever-lasting

职位高的high-ranking

畅销货

best-sellinggoods=bestseller

adv.+pastparticiple

著名的well-known

新婚的newly-married

本地制造的locally-produced

坚信的firmly-believed

密切相关的closely-related

广泛接受的widely-accepted

穿着随意的informally-dressed

容易形成的easily-formed

牢固的strongly-built

高度发达的highly-developed

人口稠密的densely-populated

正式发行的officially-released

正式承认的officially-recognized

n.+presentparticiple

省时的time-saving

耗能的energy-consuming

爱好和平的peace-loving

制片的film-making

伤心的heart-breaking

令人惊叹的breathtaking

说英语的English-speaking

解决问题的problem-solving

令人垂涎的mouth-watering

赢利的profit-making

n.+pastparticiple

国营的state-owned

由衷的heartfelt

人造的man-made

覆盖雪的snow-covered

粗糙的weather-beaten

国产的home-made

一贫如洗的poverty-stricken

好奇心驱使的curiosity-driven

个体经营的self-employed

政府支持的government-backed

n.+adj.

环保的

environment-friendly=environmentallyfriendly

节能的energy-efficient

有成本效益的cost-effective

adj.+n.+-ed

心不在焉的absent-minded

心地善良的kind-hearted

目光短浅的short-sighted

近视的near-sighted

左撇子的left-handed

头发花白的white-haired

长尾巴的long-tailed

和蔼可亲的good-natured

脾气坏的bad-tempered

思想开明的open-minded

狭隘的narrow-minded

头脑简单的simple-minded

有空调的air-conditioned

n.+-ed

详细的detail—detailed

有经验的experience—experienced

有天赋的

gift—gifted/talent—talented

有技能的skill—skilled

2

合成名词

缺点drawback

框架framework

人类mankind

发源地birthplace

壁炉fireplace

木柴firewood

标志性建筑landmark

手电筒flashlight

车前灯headlight

床上用品bedclothes

日光daylight

白天daytime

晚间night-time

总部/总公司headquarters

拂晓sunrise

傍晚sunset

阳光sunshine

城市商业区downtown

小山坡hillside

合作teamwork

瀑布waterfall

降雨量rainfall

视力eyesight

薄饼pancake

仓库warehouse

软件software

硬件hardware

草地grassland

农田farmland

大陆mainland

祖国homeland

家乡hometown

笔记本noteb