四川省成都市蓉城名校联盟2023-2024学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题（解析版）

高级中学名校试卷PAGEPAGE1四川省成都市蓉城名校联盟2023-2024学年高一下学期开学考试英语试题第一部分听力(略)第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A“PlayingShop”SocialActivityChildrenareinvitedtogetbehindtheshopcounter(柜台)ofSusannahPlaceMuseum,recreated1915shop.Thisisagoodtimeforyourchildrentoputonanapron(围裙)andbecomeshopkeepers.Theylearnhowtowrap(包裹)anegg,weighoutgoodsonascale(秤)andcountinpoundsandshillings(先令)!Suitableforthechildrenbetween5and7,thePlayingShopactivitywillseeyourchildren:■Useanold-fashionedshopscale.■Wrapgoods.■Fillanorderandmakeadelivery(配送).TicketsforPlayingShoparenowonsalethrough.Choosefromthefollowingperiods:9:15a.m.-10:30a.m.or10:45a.m.-12p.m.onWednesday,May12,2023.9:30a.m.-10:45a.m.or11:00a.m.-12:15p.m.onFriday,May21,2023.Pleasenotechildrenmustbeaccompanied(陪伴)byanadult.YoucancontinueyourfunatSusannahPlaceMuseumbyjoiningaguidedtourat2p.m.,3p.m.and4p.m.atanadditional(额外的)costontheday.1.Whomightthearticlebeintendedfor?A.5to7-year-oldkids. B.Parents.C.Middleschoolstudents. D.Collegestudents.2.Howlongwillchildrenworkasshopkeepersinthisactivity?A.For45minutes. B.Foronehour. C.For65minutes. D.For75minutes.3.Whatcanchildrendointhisactivity?A.Useafashionablescale.B.Weighoutgoodsandcountmoney.C.Continuefunatamuseumforfree.D.Wrapgoodsforcustomersandaccompanythemhome.【答案】1.B2.D3.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个名为“PlayingShop”的社交活动，该活动邀请孩子们在SusannahPlaceMuseum的1915年风格重现的商店柜台后面扮演店主，学习如何包裹鸡蛋、用秤称重商品以及以英镑和先令计数。【1题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Thisisagoodtimeforyourchildrentoputonanapron(围裙)andbecomeshopkeepers.(这是你的孩子们穿上围裙成为店主的好时机)”可推知，这篇文章可能是写给孩子父母的。故选B项。【2题详析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Choosefromthefollowingperiods:9:15a.m.-10:30a.m.or10:45a.m.-12p.m.onWednesday,May12,2023.9:30a.m.-10:45a.m.or11:00a.m.-12:15p.m.onFriday,May21,2023.(从以下时段中进行选择：2023年5月12日（星期三上午9:15-10:30或上午10:45到下午12:00。2023年5月21日星期五上午9:30-10:45或上午11:00到下午12:15)”可知，他们在这项活动中担任店主75分钟。故选D项。【3题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Theylearnhowtowrap(包裹)anegg,weighoutgoodsonascale(秤)andcountinpoundsandshillings(先令)!(他们学习如何包裹鸡蛋，用秤称重商品，以及如何用英镑和先令计数)”可知，孩子们在这个活动中能用秤称重商品，以及如何用英镑和先令计数。故选B项。BI’velivedinCardiganBay(卡迪根海湾)inWestWalessinceIwasafewmonthsold.You’vegoteverythingyouneedhere.Hills,stunningbeaches,nicecoastalpaths.Assomeonewholovesthecountryside,I’veneverwantedtoleave.IwasluckytofindworkIcoulddointhisarea.Alotofpeopledohavetomoveawayinordertofindwork.IstartedAdventureBeyondhereabout30yearsagoandweworkallovertheUK.WegouptoScotland,weworkalongtheThames.We’vealsotakengroupstoCanada,theHimalayas,placeslikethat.Buthonestly,WestWaleshasgoteverything.Wecandoeverythingweneedrighthere.CardiganBayisprettyhuge,butIfindhavinggrownupherethere’sadefinitesenseofbelonging.There’sanawarenessthatwe’reluckytohavetheseincrediblesandybeaches,pebblybeaches,beautifulrivers,andhills.It’speaceful,andit’snotoverdeveloped.Ofcourse,thereareperiodswhenitgetsbusy,butthenthesecondschoolsgobackandyouprettymuchgetthebeachestoyourself.Thereisasenseofcommunity(群体)too,withalotofgoodcommunity-basedclubs,suchasthePoppitSandsSurfLifesavingClub.IsetupAdventureBeyondtomakemyownworkinthearea.Ilovetheoutdoors,andIwantedtobeinCardiganBay,soitwasperfect.I’vetriedtoalwayskeepthatpersonaltouch.Theclients(客户)willprettymuchalwaysmeetmyselfandallthestaff.WetookalotofpeopleonthroughtheKickstartscheme(启动计划)andthey’vebeenemployedwithusforafewyears.Alotofourclientshavebeenwithussincewestarted,too.There’sasenseoffamily,whichisquitespecial.Iwon’tmentionaspecificfavoriteplace,butingeneralthebeachesarejustamazing.It’sjustasortofwildwest,really.4.WhatcanweknowfromParagraph2?A.Theauthoris30yearsold. B.Theauthorhastoworkinanothercity.C.Theauthor’sjobrequiresalotoftravelling. D.TheauthorcandoeverythinginWestWales.5.WhatisCardiganBaylikeintheauthor’seyes?A.It’sundevelopedbutbeautiful. B.Itsbeautyhasn’tbeennoticed.C.Ithasthemostpeacefulbeachesintheworld. D.Itgivesasenseofbelongingandcommunity.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph4referto?A.Keepingthatpersonaltouch. B.Gettingthebeachesbacktothelocals.C.Enjoyingoutdooractivitieswithclients. D.StartingAdventureBeyondinCardiganBay.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theauthor’ssimplelifeinCardiganBay. B.Theauthor’sdeeploveforCardiganBay.C.Theauthor’sexplorationofCardiganBay. D.Theauthor’shopeforthefutureCardiganBay.【答案】4.C5.D6.D7.B【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了作者对于卡迪根海湾的喜爱之情，卡迪根海湾给了作者归属感，并且可以让作者从事自己喜欢的户外活动。【4题详析】推理判断题。根据第二段“IwasluckytofindworkIcoulddointhisarea.Alotofpeopledohavetomoveawayinordertofindwork.IstartedAdventureBeyondhereabout30yearsagoandweworkallovertheUK.WegouptoScotland,weworkalongtheThames.We’vealsotakengroupstoCanada,theHimalayas,placeslikethat.(我很幸运能在这个领域找到工作。很多人为了找工作不得不搬家。大约30年前，我在这里创办了“超越冒险”，我们的业务遍及英国各地。我们去了苏格兰，沿着泰晤士河工作。我们还带着旅行团去了加拿大，喜马拉雅山，诸如此类的地方)”可知，作者他们去了许多地方，推知作者的工作需要经常出差。故选C项。【5题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“CardiganBayisprettyhuge,butIfindhavinggrownupherethere’sadefinitesenseofbelonging.(卡迪根湾非常大，但我发现在这里长大有一种明确的归属感)”可知，作者眼中的卡迪根湾给人一种归属感。故选D项。【6题详析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Ilovetheoutdoors,andIwantedtobeinCardiganBay(我喜欢户外活动，我想住在卡迪根湾)”可知，作者喜欢户外活动，同时也想住在卡迪根湾，因此在卡迪根湾创立AdventureBeyond对作者来说很完美。故it指代的是“在卡迪根湾创立AdventureBeyond”。故选D项。【7题详析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Iwon’tmentionaspecificfavoriteplace,butingeneralthebeachesarejustamazing.It’sjustasortofwildwest,really.(我不会提到一个特别喜欢的地方，但总的来说，海滩真是太棒了。这就像一个狂野的西部，真的)”结合文章主要讲述了作者对于卡迪根海湾的喜爱之情，卡迪根海湾给了作者归属感，并且可以让作者从事自己喜欢的户外活动。由此可知，文章主要讲述了作者对卡迪根海湾的深爱。故选B项。CChildrenatboardingschoolgetthebestnight’ssleepbecauseofstrictlightsouttime,accordingtoarecentstudy,whichwaspresentedatSleepDownUnder,the33rdyearlyscientificmeetingoftheAustralasianSleepAssociation.ProfessorKurtLushington,apsychologistwholedthestudy;said,“Itisanaturalisticexperimentshowingthekeytogoodsleepinteenagersisquitesimple:agoodtimetableandnomobiledevices(设备)atnight.”Overthepast20years,thetimechildrenspendsleepinghasfallenandonlyhalfregularlygetmorethansevenhours.Therecommendedamountiseighttoten.Thebiggestproblemsaresmartphonesandtablets(平板电脑)whosebluelightwakesthebrain,makingithardertodropoff.AnAustralianteamcomparedsleeppatternsof15to18-year-oldsataschoolinAdelaide.The59boardershadtoleavetheirphonesinakitchenareaorontheirdeskbeforebedandturntheirlightsoutbyasettime.Theysleptforanaverage8hour26minutesanightcomparedwith7hours46minutesfordaypupils.Lackofsleepaffectsmentalhealthandschoolperformanceandcausesbehavioralproblems.Ithasalsobeenconnectedwiththechildobesityepidemicandotherdiseases.ThisyearanAmericanstudyfoundthatteenagerswhodidn’tgetenoughsleeptookinextrasugarduringaschoolyear.Theyatesweets,cakes,chocolateandbiscuitsanddrankfizzydrinkstopromotetheirenergylevels.Lushingtonrecommendsthatparentsreachagreementonnotusingaphone.Thisismostlikelytoworkiftheydolikewiseandofferotherenjoyments,suchasbooks.“Ithinkifyouputtheserulesinplace,kidswillgoalongwiththem,”hetoldNewScientist.8.Whatisthesecrettoteenagers’goodsleepaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Strictlightsouttime. B.Morephysicalexerciseatschool.C.Goodbedtimeplanandmoreplaytime. D.Regularscheduleandnomobiledevices.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“dropoff”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Fallasleep. B.Fallbehind. C.Giveup. D.Calmdown.10.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A.Badexamplesofschoolperformance.B.Badeffectsconnectedwithlackofsleep.C.Behavioralproblemscausedbybadeatinghabits.D.Therelationshipbetweenschoolperformanceandsleep.11.WhatdoesLushingtonsuggest?A.Teachersleavinglesshomework.B.StudentschoosingpropersleeppatternsC.Parentsaswellaschildrennotusingphones.D.Parentssendingtheirchildrentoboardingschools.【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.C【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文，本文介绍了寄宿学校的规则——规律的作息时间，远离移动设备，让孩子们有良好的睡眠。【8题详析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“ProfessorKurtLushington,apsychologistwholedthestudy;said,“Itisanaturalisticexperimentshowingthekeytogoodsleepinteenagersisquitesimple:agoodtimetableandnomobiledevices(设备)atnight.”(领导这项研究的心理学家库尔特·卢辛顿教授；他说：“这是一个自然主义的实验，表明青少年良好睡眠的关键很简单：一个好的时间表，晚上不要使用移动设备。”)”可知，青少年好的睡眠的秘诀是有规律的作息时间，没有移动设备。故选D项。【9题详析】词义猜测题。根据划线词前文“Overthepast20years,thetimechildrenspendsleepinghasfallenandonlyhalfregularlygetmorethansevenhours.(在过去的20年里，孩子们的睡眠时间减少了，只有一半的孩子的睡眠时间经常超过7小时。)”及“Thebiggestproblemsaresmartphonesandtablets(平板电脑)whosebluelightwakesthebrain,makingitharderto…(最大的问题是智能手机和平板电脑，它们发出的蓝光会唤醒大脑，使大脑更难……)”可知，数码设备发出的蓝光使大脑更难入睡。因此推断fallasleep意思为：睡着，与划线词意思相近。故选A项。【10题详析】主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Lackofsleepaffectsmentalhealthandschoolperformanceandcausesbehavioralproblems.Ithasalsobeenconnectedwiththechildobesityepidemicandotherdiseases.(睡眠不足会影响心理健康和学习成绩，并导致行为问题。它还与儿童肥胖流行病和其他疾病有关。)”可知，第四段主要讲述了缺乏睡眠的不良影响。故选B项。【11题详析】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Lushingtonrecommendsthatparentsreachagreementonnotusingaphone.(Lushington建议父母就不使用手机达成协议。)”和““Ithinkifyouputtheserulesinplace,kidswillgoalongwiththem,”hetoldNewScientist.(他告诉《新科学家》：“我认为，如果你把这些规则放在适当的地方，孩子们会遵守的。”)”可知，Lushington建议父母和孩子都不使用手机。故选C项。DThegiantpanda’sspecialblack-and-whitefurmakesitoneofthemostrecognizableanimalsontheplanet.Butwhydoesithavethisuniquecoloring?Tohidefromnaturalenemies,bothinthesnowandintheshadows,studyleadauthorTimCaro,aprofessorintheUC(UniversityofCalifornia)DavisDepartmentofWildlife,FishandConservationBiology,saidinanewstatement.Moreover,thelargeblackcirclesaroundapanda’seyesmayhelpotherpandasrecognizeit,theresearcherssaid.Understandingwhythegiantpandahassuchnoticeablecolorhasbeenalong-termproblemtosolve.Tofindouttheanswer,Caroandhiscolleagueslookedatphotosofpandasand195othercarnivore(食肉动物)species,including39subspeciesofbears.Then,theyrecordedthecoloringoneachareaofthoseanimals’bodies,andcomparedthemwithareasofthepanda’sbody.“Comparedwiththepreviousstudies,thebreakthroughinthisstudywastreatingeachpartofthebodyasanindependentarea,”Carosaid.Theresearchteamtriedtofigureoutthepurposeofthedark-coloredfurryareas.Aftergoingthroughmanycomparisons,theresearchersdeterminedthatthewhitepartsofthegiantpandahelpithideinthesnow.Incontrast,itsblackarmsandlegshelpithideintheshadows,theysaid.Thepanda’swhite-and-blackcoloringdidn’tappeartoberelatedtotemperatureregulation.Nordidtheyfindevidencethatthedarkcirclesaroundapanda’seyeshelpedtomakethemlookcuter.“Thisreallywasagreateffortbyourteam,findingandscoringthousandsofimagesandscoringmorethan10areasperpicturefromover20possiblecolors,”studyco-authorTedStankowich,anassistantprofessorofbiologyatCaliforniaStateUniversity,LongBeach,saidinthestatement.“Sometimesittakeshundredsofhoursofhardworktoanswerthesimplestquestion:Whyisthepandablackandwhite?”12.WhydidCarostudythephotosofpandasand195othercarnivorespecies?A.Torecordthenumberofphotos.B.Toresearchmorecarnivorespecies.C.Tofigureoutthereasonbehindpandas’specialcolor.D.Tocomparethedifferencebetweenpandasandothercarnivorespecies.13.Whatstudymethoddidtheresearchersusetodrawtheconclusion?A.Doingexperiments. B.Makingcomparisons.C.Scoringpandas’behaviorinnature. D.Observingpandasinthewild.14.Whatcanwelearnaboutpandas’uniquecoloring?A.Thewhiteandblackpartshelppandastohide.B.Thefunctionofthedark-coloredareasisunknown.C.Thewhite-and-blackcoloringwillchangewithtemperature.D.Thedarkcirclesaroundpandas’eyeshelpmakethemlookcuter.15.WhatcanbeinferredfromTedStankowich’swords?A.Thestudyisagreatsuccess.B.Hundredsofhoursofhardworkisnotworthwhile.C.Itneedseffortstofindthetruthbehindsimplequestions.D.Simpleissuesshouldn’ttakescientistssomuchtimetostudy.【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.C【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了加州大学戴维斯分校的研究人员针对大熊猫为什么有特殊黑白毛色进行了一项研究，研究发现有这种毛色是为了在雪中和阴影中躲避天敌。【12题详析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Understandingwhythegiantpandahassuchnoticeablecolorhasbeenalong-termproblemtosolve.Tofindouttheanswer,Caroandhiscolleagueslookedatphotosofpandasand195othercarnivore(食肉动物)species,including39subspeciesofbears.(了解大熊猫为什么有如此明显的颜色一直是一个长期需要解决的问题。为了找到答案，卡罗和他的同事们研究了大熊猫和其他195种食肉动物的照片，其中包括39种熊的亚种)”可知，卡罗要研究大熊猫和其他195种食肉动物的照片是为了找出熊猫特殊颜色背后的原因。故选C项。【13题详析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Tofindouttheanswer,Caroandhiscolleagueslookedatphotosofpandasand195othercarnivore(食肉动物)species,including39subspeciesofbears.Then,theyrecordedthecoloringoneachareaofthoseanimals’bodies,andcomparedthemwithareasofthepanda’sbody.“Comparedwiththepreviousstudies,thebreakthroughinthisstudywastreatingeachpartofthebodyasanindependentarea,”Carosaid.(为了找到答案，卡罗和他的同事们研究了大熊猫和其他195种食肉动物的照片，其中包括39种熊的亚种。然后，他们记录下这些动物身体每个区域的颜色，并将它们与熊猫身体的区域进行比较。卡罗说：“与以前的研究相比，这项研究的突破是将身体的每个部位视为一个独立的区域。”)”可知，研究人员用做比较的方法得出结论。故选B项。【14题详析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Theresearchteamtriedtofigureoutthepurposeofthedark-coloredfurryareas.Aftergoingthroughmanycomparisons,theresearchersdeterminedthatthewhitepartsofthegiantpandahelpithideinthesnow.Incontrast,itsblackarmsandlegshelpithideintheshadows,theysaid.(研究小组试图弄清楚这些深色毛茸茸的区域的目的。经过多次比较，研究人员确定大熊猫的白色部分有助于它隐藏在雪中。他们说，相比之下，它黑色的手臂和腿帮助它隐藏在阴影中)”可知，关于熊猫独特的颜色我们能了解到白色和黑色的部分帮助熊猫隐藏。故选A项。【15题详析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中TedStankowich的话“Sometimesittakeshundredsofhoursofhardworktoanswerthesimplestquestion:Whyisthepandablackandwhite?(有时候，需要数百个小时的努力工作才能回答一个最简单的问题：为什么熊猫是黑白的？)”可推测出，要弄清楚简单问题背后的原因需要花费努力。故选C项。第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Slowtravelisaboutconnectingdeeplywithyourtravels.Ratherthanrushingfromoneplacetoanother,slowtravelerstreateachexperienceasanopportunitytolearnandfeelmoredeeplytothepeople,culture,andfoodtheywanttoexplore.____16____.RelaxandenjoyOnce,avacationprovidedrelaxationfromthestressofeverydaylife.Butovertime,webegantryingtoputeverythingwewantintoachecklist.____17____.Slowtravelexchangeschecklistsforthechancetoreallyenjoyaplace.It’samazinghowmuchmoreinvolvedyoucanbewhenyou’renotinarush.It’seasiertorelaxandlookforwardtowhateverthedaybrings.Havemorememorableexperiences____18____.Ifso,theideaofslowtravelmayfeellikeyou’llmissthelatestTop10.Infact,youfreeyourselffromscratchingthesurfaceofeverythingwithoutenjoyinganything.Slowtravelallowsyouthetimetofeeladestinationandyouwillhavemorememorableexperiences.MeetpeopleandactuallygettoknowthemWhenyoudecidetotaketheslowtravelroute,youfreeyourselfuptomeetandspendtimewithothers.Youcanmeetlocalsataparkorrestaurantandenjoyaconversation.Learnaboutthepeopleonyourfoodtour.Youmayevendecidethatyoulikesomeoneenoughtomeethim/herlaterforlunchoracoffee.____19____,becauseyouarenotrushingtothenextbigthing.____20____Travelingbyplane,train,andbushasabadeffectontheenvironment.Wecantransportourselvestoonelocationandspendmoretimeexploringitonfoot,bybikeoronhorseback.That’slessharmfultotheplanetthanrushingtothenextthingonthelistwithwhatevervehiclethatwillgetusthereinahurry.A.Bemoreeco-friendlyB.ExperiencedifferentmeansoftransportationC.ThiscreatedmorestressthanwewereescapingD.MakingachecklistmakesyourjourneymoreorganizedE.HerearesomereasonswethinkyouneedtotryslowtravelF.YourcommunicationtendstobemorerelaxedandmorerealG.Maybeyou’reusedtojumpingfromoneattractionafteranother【答案】16.E17.C18.G19.F20.A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了需要尝试慢旅行的一些原因。【16题详析】根据前文“Slowtravelisaboutconnectingdeeplywithyourtravels.Ratherthanrushingfromoneplacetoanother,slowtravelerstreateachexperienceasanopportunitytolearnandfeelmoredeeplytothepeople,culture,andfoodtheywanttoexplore.(慢速旅行就是与你的旅行紧密相连。慢速旅行者不会匆忙地从一个地方跑到另一个地方，而是把每一次经历都当作一个学习的机会，更深入地感受他们想要探索的人、文化和食物)”可知，本文主题是讲述慢速旅行，结合后文小标题，可知本文介绍尝试慢旅行的一些原因。所以E项“Herearesomereasonswethinkyouneedtotryslowtravel(以下是我们认为你需要尝试慢旅行的一些原因)”能承接上文，并总领下文。故选E项。【17题详析】根据前文“Once,avacationprovidedrelaxationfromthestressofeverydaylife.Butovertime,webegantryingtoputeverythingwewantintoachecklist.(曾经，假期能让人从日常生活的压力中得到放松。但随着时间的推移，我们开始尝试把我们想要的东西都列在清单上)”可知，此处是在讲述曾经假期能让人从日常生活的压力中得到放松，但是现在开始尝试把我们想要的东西都列在清单上，可知C项“Thiscreatedmorestressthanwewereescaping.(这比我们逃避的压力更大)”是对前句的结果描述，说明了上文的不良影响。符合文意，其中stress为同词复现。故选C项。【18题详析】分析设空，位于句首，应是总领本段，根据后文“Ifso,theideaofslowtravelmayfeellikeyou’llmissthelatestTop10.(如果是这样的话，慢旅行的想法可能会让你觉得你错过了最新的十佳)”可知，空处应是提到一种和慢旅行不同的方式，所以G项“Maybeyou’reusedtojumpingfromoneattractionafteranother(也许你已经习惯了从一个景点跳到另一个景点)”符合文意，和慢旅行相悖的方式，引出下文，后文的ifso代指本句提到的方式。故选G项。【19题详析】根据前文“Whenyoudecidetotaketheslowtravelroute,youfreeyourselfuptomeetandspendtimewithothers.Youcanmeetlocalsataparkorrestaurantandenjoyaconversation.Learnaboutthepeopleonyourfoodtour.Youmayevendecidethatyoulikesomeoneenoughtomeethim/herlaterforlunchoracoffee.(当你决定走慢速旅行路线时，你就可以腾出时间和别人见面。你可以在公园或餐馆遇到当地人，并享受交谈。了解你的美食之旅中的人。你甚至可能决定你足够喜欢一个人，然后和他/她一起吃午饭或喝咖啡)”可知，本段主要讲述了，慢速旅行可以让我们更好的和他人交流，所以F项“Yourcommunicationtendstobemorerelaxedandmorereal.(你的交流趋向于更轻松、更真实)”符合本段主题，并和后文“becauseyouarenotrushingtothenextbigthing.(因为你没有急着去做下一件大事)”构成因果关系。故选F项。【20题详析】分析设空可知，空处是本段小标题，根据后文“Travelingbyplane,train,andbushasabadeffectontheenvironment.Wecantransportourselvestoonelocationandspendmoretimeexploringitonfoot,bybikeoronhorseback.That’slessharmfultotheplanetthanrushingtothenextthingonthelistwithwhatevervehiclethatwillgetusthereinahurry.(乘飞机、火车和公共汽车旅行对环境有不好的影响。我们可以把自己带到一个地方，花更多的时间步行、骑自行车或骑马去探索它。这对地球的危害要比开着任何能让我们快速到达那里的交通工具匆忙去做清单上的下一件事要小)”可知，本段主要讲述了慢速旅行会更环保，所以A项“Bemoreeco-friendly.(更加环保)”是本段小标题。故选A项。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。IwastalkingtomyfriendSandyaboutourchildren.Sandyhadrecentlymovedintotheneighborhoodwithherfour____21____,includingheryoungest,eighteen-month-oldKim.Sheseemed____22____tohavekidsnearby,untilshesawourdog,Sam.Sam,ourshinyblackdog,lovedtoplaywiththekidsand____23____them.ButSandywas____24____ofdogs,andshestartedtobackawayasSamapproached.IgrabbedSam’scollarandmadehimsit,tryingto____25____Sandy’sfear.Sandymentionedthatsheneededtogetherkidsreadytogototheirgrandmother’shouse.Justthen,herdooropenedandherkidsrushedout.Sandywarnedthemnotto____26____Sam.Thekidshuddled(蜷缩)aroundtheirmom,lookingatSam____27____.Emma,mydaughter,showedthekidshowto____28____adogproperly.Gradually,thekidswerewonoverbySam’s____29____nature.Onedayafterthatincident(事件),whenthekidswereplayingacrossthestreet,I____30____theeighteen-month-oldbabyheadingtowardsasmallhill.Isawacarapproachingatahighspeedandshoutedtoeveryoneto____31____thebaby.Samrushedtotheboywithout____32____andpushedthebabyawayfromtheoncomingcar____33____.Thekidscheered,completelyunawareofthe____34____.TheythoughtSamhadcometoplay.Withinayear,Samhadmadefriendswithalltheneighbors.EvenSandystartedto____35____Samandwouldoftencomeovertogivehimahug.21.A.friends B.kids C.neighbors D.pets22.A.happy B.anxious C.proud D.surprised23.A.protect B.follow C.appreciate D.push24.A.tired B.fond C.frightened D.aware25.A.feel B.record C.hide D.ease26.A.takecareof B.getcloseto C.turnto D.stareat27.A.eagerly B.hopefully C.sadly D.nervously28.A.call B.approach C.feed D.select29.A.cold B.common C.strange D.friendly30.A.sensed B.heard C.noticed D.imagined31.A.watch B.find C.touch D.avoid32.A.permission B.excuse C.hesitation D.doubt33.A.quickly B.madly C.suddenly D.occasionally34.A.accident B.danger C.mistake D.fight35.A.ignore B.understand C.influence D.love【答案】21.B22.A23.A24.C25.D26.B27.D28.B29.D30.C31.A32.C33.A34.B35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，文章讲述新邻居家的女主人桑迪很怕作者家的狗山姆，但是后来山姆却在关键时刻救了桑迪的孩子，从此桑迪改变了对山姆的看法，山姆也成了街坊四邻的好朋友。【21题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：桑迪最近和她的四个孩子搬进了这个社区，包括她最小的，18个月大的金。A.friends朋友；B.kids孩子；C.neighbors邻居；D.pets宠物。根据前文“IwastalkingtomyfriendSandyaboutourchildren.”可知，作者和桑迪在谈论孩子，所以是桑迪最近和她的四个孩子搬进了这个社区。故选B项。【22题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她似乎很高兴有孩子在身边，直到她看到了我们的狗，萨姆。A.happy快乐的；B.anxious焦虑的；C.proud自豪的；D.surprised惊讶。根据后文“havekidsnearby”可知，有孩子在身边应是高兴的，符合语境。故选A项。【23题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：山姆，我们闪亮的黑狗，喜欢和孩子们一起玩，保护他们。A.protect保护；B.follow跟随；C.appreciate欣赏；D.push推动。根据后文“Samrushedtotheboywithoutandpushedthebabyawayfromtheoncomingcar”可知，山姆在保护孩子们。故选A项。【24题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是桑迪害怕狗，当山姆走近时，她开始往后退。A.tired疲倦的；B.fond喜欢的；C.frightened害怕的；D.aware意识到的。根据后文“shestartedtobackawayasSamapproached.”可知，当萨姆走近时，她开始往后退，推知她害怕狗。孤战C项。【25题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我抓住山姆的项圈，让他坐下，试图减轻桑迪的恐惧。A.feel感觉到；B.record记录；C.hide隐藏；D.ease减轻。根据前文“IgrabbedSam’scollarandmadehimsit”客户自，作者阻止山姆继续靠近桑迪，应是试图减轻桑迪的恐惧。故选D项。【26题详析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：桑迪警告他们不要靠近山姆。A.takecareof照顾；B.getcloseto接近；C.turnto求助于；D.stareat凝视。根据前文“ButSandywasofdogs,andshestartedtobackawayasSamapproached.”可知，桑迪害怕狗，所以此处应是警告她的孩子们不要靠近山姆。故选B项。【27题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：孩子们围在妈妈身边，紧张地看着山姆。A.eagerly急切地；B.hopefully有希望地；C.sadly伤心地；D.nervously紧张地。根据前文“SandywarnedthemnottoSam.”和“Thekidshuddled(蜷缩)aroundtheirmom”可知，因为妈妈的警告，孩子们应是紧张地看着萨姆。故选D项。【28题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的女儿艾玛教孩子们如何正确地接近狗。A.call呼叫；B.approach接近；C.feed喂养；D.select选择。根据前文“Emma,mydaughter,showedthekids”以及后文“adogproperly”结合选项可知，山姆是作者的狗，所以作者的女儿应是教孩子们如何正确地接近狗，符合语境。故选B项。【29题详析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：渐渐地，孩子们被山姆友好的性格所征服。A.cold冷的；B.common常见的；C.strange奇怪的；D.friendly亲切的。根据前文“Sam,ourshinyblackdog,lovedtoplaywiththekidsandthem.”可知，山姆喜欢和孩子们一起玩，保护他们，所以是孩子们被山姆友好的性格所征服。故选D项。【30题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那件事发生后的一天，当孩子们在街对面玩耍时，我注意到那个18个月大的婴儿朝一座小山走去。A.sensed感觉到；B.heard听到；C.noticed注意到；D.imagined想象。根据后文“Isawacarapproachingatahighspeedandshoutedtoeveryonetothebaby.”可知，作者看到婴儿，所以此处是注意到。故选C项。【31题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看见一辆车高速驶来，就大声叫大家小心孩子。A.watch小心；B.find找到；C.touch触摸；D.avoid避免。根据前文“Isawacarapproachingatahighspeed”可知，一辆车高速驶来，应是大声叫大家小心孩子。故选A项。【32题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：山姆毫不犹豫地冲向那个男孩，迅速地把婴儿从迎面而来的汽车旁推开。A.permission许可；B.excuse借口；C.hesitation犹豫；D.doubt怀疑。根据前文“Samrushedtotheboy”以及后文“pushedthebabyawayfromtheoncomingcar”结合选项，可知，应是山姆毫不犹豫地冲向那个男孩，符合语境。故选C项。【33题详析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：山姆毫不犹豫地冲向那个男孩，迅速地把婴儿从迎面而来的汽车旁推开。A.quickly迅速地；B.madly发狂地；C.suddenly突然；D.occasionally偶尔。根据前文“pushedthebabyawayfromtheoncomingcar”结合实际可知，应是迅速地把婴儿从迎面而来的汽车旁推开才能救下孩子。故选A项。【34题详析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：孩子们欢呼起来，完全没有意识到危险。A.accident事故；B.danger危险；C.mistake错误；D.fight斗争。根据后文“TheythoughtSamhadcometoplay.”可知，孩子们以为山姆是来玩的，所以没有意识到刚才的危险。故选B项。【35题详析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：甚至桑迪也开始爱山姆，经常过来给他一个拥抱。A.ignore忽视；B.understand了解；C.influence影响；D.love喜欢。根据后文“wouldoftencomeovertogivehimahug”可知，桑迪经常过来给他一个拥抱，所以是爱上了山姆。故选D项。第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。WhenLinQiaozhiwas18yearsold,shedidn’tfollowthetraditionalpathofmarriagelikethemajorityofgirls.Instead,shechosetogotoPekingUnionMedicalCollege,____36____shestudiedmedicineandgottheWenhaiScholarship.Andthensheworked____37____adoctorintheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.Afewyearslater,she____38____(send)tostudyinEuropeandthenintheUS.HerAmericanfriendswantedher____39____(stay)intheUS,butsherefusedandtoldthemshewantedtoworkforhermotherlandwithgreat____40____(determine).In1941,DrLinbecamethefirstChinesewomanevertobeappointeddirectoroftheOB-GYNdepartmentofthePUMCHospital.After____41____departmentwasclosedbecauseofthewar,sheopenedherownclinic.DrLinQiaozhiplayedakeyroleinthemedicalfieldofour____42____(new)builtcountry.Thoughsheheldmanyimportantpositions,shestilltended____43____(patient),publishedmedicalresearchoncareforwomenandchildren,and____44____(train)thenextgenerationofdoctors.Knownasthe“motheroftenthousandbabies”,LinQiaozhidiedon22April1983,____45____(leave)hersavingstoakindergartenandafundfornewdoctors.【答案】36.where37.as38.wassent39.tostay40.determination41.the42.newly43.patients44.trained45.leaving【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了第一位在中国协和医院妇产科担任住院医师的女性——林巧稚医生的个人经历和成就。【36题详析】考查定语从句。句意：相反，她选择去了北京协和医学院，在那里她学习医学，并获得了文海奖学金。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是PekingUnionMedicalCollege，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故填where。【37题详析】考查介词。句意：之后她在北京协和医院妇产科当医生。此处是固定搭配：workas意为“担任……工作”。故填as。【38题详析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：几年后，她被送往欧洲和美国学习。send作本句谓语，和主语she之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据前后文可知，都用的一般过去时，所以此处用一般过去时。故填wassent。【39题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她的美国朋友希望她留在美国，但她拒绝了，并告诉他们她想以极大的决心为祖国工作。此处是固定搭配：wantsb.todosth.意为“想要某人做某事”。故填tostay。【40题详析】考查名词。句意：她的美国朋友希望她留在美国，但她拒绝了，并告诉他们她想以极大的决心为祖国工作。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，determine的名词形式是determination。故填determination。【41题详析】考查冠词。句意：该部门因战争而关闭后，她开了自己的诊所。空后的department，为上文提到的OB-GYNdepartment，所以此处表特指，前用定冠词修饰。故填the。【42题详析】考查副词。句意：林巧稚医生在我们这个新国家的医学领域发挥了关键作用。空处修饰空后的形容词，用副词修饰。故填newly。【43题详析】考查名词。句意：虽然她担任过许多重要职位，但她仍然照顾病人，发表关于妇女和儿童护理的医学研究，并培训下一代医生。空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，patient意为“病人”，为可数名词，根据句意，此处用复数形式。故填patients。【44题详析】考查动词时态。句意：虽然她担任过许多重要职位，但她仍然照顾病人，发表关于妇女和儿童护理的医学研究，并培训下一代医生。根据and可知，空处和前文的tended以及published并列，作并列谓语，用一般过去时。故填trained。【45题详析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被称为“万婴之母”的林巧稚于1983年4月22日去世，把她的积蓄留给了一所幼儿园和一名新医生。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词died，所以leave用非谓语形式，和逻辑主语LinQiaozhi之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故