历年考研英语真题与答案

历年考研英语真题与答案

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionI:StructureandVocabulary

Ineachquestion,decidewhichofthefour

choicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethe

sentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.Put

yourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

EXAMPLE:

Iwascaughttherainyesterday,

rAT

LJin

rBT

LJby

-cT

J

_with

rDu

Lat

ANSWER:[A]

1.Thosetwofamilieshavebeenquarrelling

eachotherformanyyears.

[A]to

[B]between

[C]against

[D]with

2.Therearemanythingswhosemisuseis

dangerous,buritishardtothinkofanything

thatcanbecomparedtobaccoproducts.

[A]in

-2-

LBJwith

[C]among

[D]by

3.“Howoftenhaveyouseencaseslikethis?”

onesurgeonaskedanother."Oh,times,

Iguess,“wasthereply.

[A]hundredof

[B]hundreds

[C]hundredsof

[D]hundred

4.GivemeyourtelephonenumberIneed

yourhelp.

[A]whether

[B]unless

[C]sothat

[D]incase

5.Yousangwelllastnight.Wehopeyou'11sing

rAT

LJmorebetter

rBT

LJstillbetter

rcT

LJnicely

rDn

LJbest

6.Thosepeopleageneralunderstanding

ofthepresentsituation.

[A]lackof

[B]arelackingof

-3-

LC]lack

[D]areinlack

7.Aloneinadeserthouse,hewassobusywith

hisresearchworkthathefeltlonely.

[A]nothingbut

[B]anythingbut

[C]allbut

[D]everythingbut

8.Gracetearswhensheheardthesad

news.

[A]brokein

[B]brokeinto

[C]brokeoff

[D]brokethrough

9.Sherefusedtothecarkeystoher

husbanduntilhehadpromisedtowearhissafety

belt.

[A]handin

[B]handout

[C]handdown

[D]down

10.Michaelfounditdifficulttogethis

BritishjokestoAmericanaudiences,

rAT

LJaround

rBT

LJover

rcu

Lacross

rDT

LJdown

-4-

11.Thebookcontainedalargeof

information.

[A]deal

[B]amount

[C]number

[D]sum

12.Nowadaysadvertisingcostsarenolongerin

reasonabletothetotalcostofthe

product.

[A]proportion

[B]correlation

[C]connection

[D]correspondence

13.Whenshesawthecloudsshewentbacktothe

housetoherumbrella.

[A]carry

[B]fetch

[C]bring

[D]reach

14.Wemustthattheexperimentis

controlledasrigidlyaspossible.

[A]assure

[B]secure

[C]ensure

[D]issue

~5-

15.Hewasknockeddownbyacarandbadly

[A]injured

[B]damaged

[C]harmed

[D]ruined

SectionII:ReadingComprehension

Eachofthethreepassagesbelowisfollowedby

somequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefour

answers.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoose

thebestanswertoeachofthequestions.Put

yourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

Text1

InMay1989,spaceshuttle"Atlantis”

releasedinouterspacethespaceprobe

“Megallan,“whichisnowonher15-monthand

one-bi1lion-kilometerflighttoVenus.Anew

phaseinspaceexplorationhasbegun.

TheplanetVenusisonlyslightlysmaller

thanEarth;itistheonlyotherobjectinthe

solarsystem,infact,thatevencomescloseto

earth'ssize.Venushasasimilardensity,so

itisprobablymadeofapproximatelythesame

stuff,andithasanatmosphere,completewith

clouds.Itisalsotheclosestplanettoearth,

-6-

andthusthemostsimilarindistancefromthe

sun.Inshort,Venusseemstojustifyits

long-heldnicknameof“earth'stwin.”

ThesurfacetemperatureofVenusreaches

some900F.Addedtothatisanatmospheric

pressureabout90timesEarth,s:Highoverhead

inthecarbondioxide(C02)thatpassesforair

isalayerofclouds,perhaps10to20milesthick,

whoselittledropsconsistmostlyofsulfuric

acid(H2S04).Waterisallbutnonexistent.

Bornwithsomanyfundamentalsimilarities

toearth,howdidVenusgettobesoradically

different:Itisnotjustanacademicmatter.For

allitsextremes,Venusisavaluablelaboratory

forresearchersstudyingtheweatherandclimate

ofearth.Ithasnoearth,soceans,sotheheat

transportandothermechanismsaregreatly-

simplified.Inaddition,theplanetVenustakes

243earth-daystoturnonceonitsaxis,so

incomingheatfromthesunisaddedand

distributedatamoreleisurely,observable

pace.

16.VenusissimilartoEarthin.

rAT

LJsizeanddensity

rBT

LJdistancefromthesun

rc]

Lhavingatmosphere

rDT

LJalloftheabove

-7-

17.ThegreatestvalueinstudyingVenusshould

beto.

[A]allowustovisitthere

[B]understandEarthbetter

[C]findanewsourceofenergy

[D]promoteanewspaceprogram

18.Themainideaofthispassageisabout

•

[A]problemsofspacetravel

[B]scientificmethodsinspaceexploration

[C]theimportanceofVenustoEarth

[D]conditionsonVenus

Text2

Touristsweresurprisedtoseeawoman

drivingahugeorangetractordownoneofRome,s

mainavenues.Italy'spoliticalleadersand

someofitsmaleunionchiefsaresaidtohave

beenevenmorepuzzledtoseethatthetractor

wasfollowedbyabout200,000womeninaparading

processionthattookmorethanthreehoursto

snakethroughcentralRome.

Shoutingslogans,wavingflagsanddancing

todrumbeats,thewomenhadcometothecapital

fromalloverItalytodemonstratefor”ajob

foreachofus,adifferenttypeofjob,anda

societywithoutviolence."Sofar,actionto

-8-

improvewomen'sopportunitiesinemployment

hasbeentheprovinceofcollectiveindustrial

bargaining."Butthereisagrowingawareness

thatthisisnotenough,“saysaresearcheron

femalelaboratthegovernment-fundedInstitute

fortheDevelopmentofProfessionalTrainingfor

Workers.

Women,whoconstitute52percentof

Italy'spopulation,todayrepresentonly35per

centofItaly'stotalworkforceand33percent

ofthetotalnumberofItalianswithjobs.

However,theirpresenceintheworkplaceis

growing.Theemploymentofwomenisexpanding

considerablyinservices,nexttothepublic

administrationandcommerceastheirprincipal

workplace.Officialstatisticsalsoshowthat

womenhavealsomadesignificantstridesin

seif-emp1oyment.Moreandmorewomenaregoing

intobusinessforthemselves.Manyyoungwomen

areturningtobusinessbecauseofthegrowing

overallinemployment.Itisalsoafactthat

todaymanyprejudiceshavedisappeared,sothat

banksandotherfinancialinstitutesmake

judgmentsonpurelybusinessconsiderations

withoutcaringifitisamanorawoman.

Suchchangesareoccurringinthe

professionstoo.Thenumberofwomendoctors,

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dentists,lawyers,engineersanduniversity

professorsincreasedtwotothreefold.Someof

thechangesareimmediatelyvisible.Forexample,

womenhaveappearedonthesceneforthefirst

timeasstatepolice,railwayworkersandstreet

cleaner.

However,thepresentsituationisfarfrom

satisfactorythoughsomeprogresshasbeenmade.

Abreakthroughinequalopportunitiesforwomen

isnowdemanded.

19.Theexpression“snakethroughcentral

Rome”probablymeans“tomove

[A]quietlythroughcentralRome.”

[B]violentlythroughcentralRome.”

[C]inalongwindinglinethroughcentral

Rome.w

[D]ataleisurelypacethroughcentral

Rome.”

20.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOT

true?

[A]TherearemorewomenthanmeninItaly.

[B]InItaly,womenarechieflyemployedin

services.

[C]InItaly,womenarestillata

disadvantageinemployment.

[D]InItaly,abouttwo-thirdsofthejobs

areheldbymen.

-10-

21.About200,000womeninRomedemonstrated

for.

rAT

LJmorejobopportunities

rBT

LJagreatervarietyofjobs

rcT

LJ“equaljob,equalpay”

rDT

LJbothAandB

22.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe

•

[A]TheRoleofWomenisSociety

[B]WomenDemonstrateforEqualityin

Employment

[C]WomenasSelf-employedProfessionals

[D]WomenandtheJobsMarket

Text3

Theoldideathattalentedchildren”burn

themselvesout“intheearlyyears,and,

therefore,aresubjectedtofailureandatworst,

mentalillnessisunfounded.Asamatteroffact,

theoutstandingthingthathappenstobright

kidsisthattheyareverylikelytogrowinto

brightadults.

Tofindthisout,1,500giftedpersonswere

followeduptotheirthirty-fifthyearwith

theseresults:

Onadultintelligencetests,theyscoredas

highastheyhadaschildren.Theywere,asa

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group,ingoodhealth,physicallyandmentally.

84percentoftheirgroupweremarriedand

seemedcontentwiththeirlives.

About70percenthadgraduatedfrom

college,thoughonly30percenthadgraduated

withhonors.Afewhadevendroppedout,but

nearlyhalfofthesehadreturnedtograduate.

Ofthemen,80percentwereinoneofthe

professionsorinbusinessmanagementor

semiprofessionaljobs.Thewomenwhohad

remainedsinglehadoffice,business,or

professionaloccupations.

Thegrouphadpublished90booksand1,500

articlesinscientific,scholarly,andliterary

magazinesandhadcollectedmorethan100

patents.

Inamaterialwaytheydidnotdobadly

either.Averageincomewasconsiderablyhigher

amongthegiftedpeople,especiallythemen,

thanforthecountryasawhole,despitetheir

comparativeyouth.

Infact,farfrombeingstrange,mostofthe

giftedwereturningtheirearlypromiseinto

practicalreality.

23.Theoldideathattalentedchildren”burn

themselvesout“intheearlyyearsis.

[A]trueinallsenses

-12-

[B]refutedbytheauthor

[C]medicallyproven

[D]abeliefoftheauthor

24.Thesurveyofbrightchildrenwasmadeto

•

[A]findoutwhathadhappenedtotalented

childrenwhentheybecameadults

[B]provethattalentedchildren"burn

themselvesout“intheearlyyears

[C]discoverthepercentageofthose

mentallyillamongthegifted

[D]provethattalentedchildrenneverburn

themselvesout

25.Intelligencetestsshowedthat.

[A]brightchildrenwereunlikelytobe

mentallyhealthy

[B]betweenchildhoodandadulthoodthere

wasaconsiderablelossofintelligence

[C]talentedchildrenweremostlikelyto

becomegiftedadults

[D]whentalentedchildrengrewintoadults,

theymadelowscores

SectionIII:CloseTest

Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage

therearefourchoiceslabeled[A],[B],[C],and

[D],choosethebestoneandputyourchoicein

-13-

theANSWERSHEET.Readthewholepassagebefore

makingyourchoice.(10points)

Nooneknowsforsurewhattheworldwould

belikeintheyear2001.Manybookshavebeen

written_26_thefuture.Butthe19th-century

FrenchnovelistJulesVernemaybecalleda

futurologistinthefullest_27_oftheword.

Inhisfantasticnovels“ATriptotheMoon”

and"80DaysAroundtheWorld,whedescribed

withdetailtheaeroplaneandeventhe

helicopter.Thesenovelsstillhaveagreat

attraction_28_youngreadersoftodaybecause

oftheirboldimaginationandscientific

accuracy.

Belowisadescriptionofwhatourlifewill

beintheyear2001aspredictedbya_29_

writer.

In2001,inthehome,cookerswillbeset

sothatyoucancookacompletemealatthetouch

ofaswitch.

Televisionwillprovideinformationon

pricesatthe_30_shopsaswellasnewsand

entertainment.Videophoneswillbringpictures

aswellas_31_totelephoneconversations.

Machineswillcontroltemperature,lighting,

entertainment,securityalarms,laundryand

gardening.

-14-

Lightingwillprovidedecorationaswellas

wallpaper.

Atwork,robotswilltake_32_mostjobs

inthemanufacturingindustries.Workinghours

willfalltounder30hoursaweek.Holidayswill

getlonger;sixweekswillbethenormalannual

holiday.Menandwomenwillretireatthesame

age.

Ourleisurewillbedifferenttoo.Thehome

willbecomethecenterofentertainmentthrough

televisionandelectronicgames.Morepeople

willeatoutinrestaurants_33—theydotoday;

alsotheywillhaveamuchwidervarietyoffood

available.Therewillbeachangeoftaste

towardsamoresavoury-flavoredmenu.New

syntheticfoodswillforma_34_partof

people'sdiets.

Foreigntravelwill_35_;winter

holidayswillbecomemorepopularthansummer

ones.

Alsonon-stopflightsfromBritaintoAustralia

andNewZealandwillbeeasilyavailableandmuch

cheaper.Educationwillbecomeincreasingly

moreimportantthaneverbefore.

26.[A]in

[B]of

[C]about

~15-

[D]for

27.[A]sense

[B]meaning

[C]detail

[D]implication

28.[A]for

[B]of

[C]on

[D]towards

29.[A]today

[B]nowadays

[C]present-day

[D]present

30.[A]near

[B]nearby

[C]nearly

[D]nearer

31.[A]noise

[B]sound

[C]tone

[D]tune

32.[A]to

[B]away

[C]off

[D]over

33.[A]than

[B]as

-16-

_

I

Jwhen

T

rcJwhile

T

rDJ

34.usual

rAT

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rBT

rcJdaily

u

rDregular

_

rAI

35.Jadd

rBT

Jincrease

rcu

rDraise

_

I

Jarise

SectionIV:Error-detectionandCorrection

Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasfour

underlinedparts.Thesepartsarelabeled[A],

[B],[C],and[D].Identifythepartofsentence

thatisincorrectandputyourchoiceinthe

ANSWERSHEET.Then,withoutalteringthemeaning

ofthesentence,writedownyourcorrectionon

thelineintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

EXAMPLE:

Youhavetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomething

because[A]theres[B]hardlysomething[C]

left.[D]

ANSWER:[C]anything

36.Alicewashaving[A]troubletocontrol[B]

-17-

thechildrenbecausetherewere[C]somany[D]

ofthem.

37.Wewereverymuchsurprised[A]thatthe[B]

villagewassuch[C]longwayfrom[D]theroad.

38.John,schanceofbeingelected[A]

chairman[B]ofthecommitteeisfar[C]greater

thanDick[D].

39.“Wehavewon[A]a[B]greatvictoryon[C]

ourenemy[D],“thecaptainsaid.

40.Therearemanyvaluableservices[A]which

thepublicarewillingtopayfor[B],butwhich

doesnotbring[C]areturninmoney[D]tothe

community.

41.ThelawIamreferring[A]requirethat

everyone[B]whoowns[C]acarhave[D]accident

insurance.

42.alconsideredit[A]ahonor[B]tobe

invitedtoaddress[C]themeetingof

world-famous[D]scientists,“saidProfessor

Leacock.

43.Hewasseeing[A]somebodycreeping[B]into

thehousethrough[C]theopen[D]windowlast

night.

44.Thereasonfor[A]allthe[B]changesbeing

made[C]hasnotexplained[D]tousyet.

45.Eventhough[A]thechildrenpretended

asleep[B],thenurseswerenotdeceived[C]when

-18-

[D]theycameintotheroom.

SectionV:VerbForms

Fillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsof

theverbsgiveninthebrackets.Putyouranswers

intheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

EXAMPLE:

Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident

(appointed)forthiscollege.

ANSWER:(should)beappointed

46.Buyingclothes(be)very

time-consumingasyourarelyfindthingsthat

fityounicely.

47.Theykeeptellingusitisofutmost

importancethatourrepresentative

(send)totheconferenceonschedule.

48.Imustcallyourattentiontothedirections.

Readthemcarefullyandactas

(instruct).

49.Emmasaidinherletterthatshewould

appreciate(hear)fromyousoon.

50.I(call)tomakeanairline

reservation,butIdidn't.

51.IfGreghadtriedhardertoreachthe

oppositeshore,we(nothave)topick

-19-

himupintheboat.

52.Aftertwentyyearsabroad,Williamcame

backonly(find)hishometownseverely

damagedinanearthquake.

53.Thelecture(begin),helefthis

seatsoquietlythatnoonecomplainedthathis

leavingdisturbedthespeaker.

54.Thechildrenweresurprisedwhenthe

teacherhadthem(close)theirbooks

unexpectedly.

55.Anewroadwillbebuilthere,andtherefore

anumberofexistinghouses(haveto

destroy).

SectionVI:Chinese-EnglishTranslation

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(15points)

56.你应该仔细核对全部资料，以避免严重错误。

57.尽管这个实验复杂，他们决心按时把它完成。

58.一切迹象表明这个人对这里发生的情况毫无所

知。

59.只有那些不怕困难的人，才有可能在工作中取得

卓越的成果。

60.这篇作品与其说是短篇小说，不如说更像是新闻

报导。

SectionVII:English-ChineseTranslation

-20-

Translatethefollowingpassagecarefullyand

thentranslatethesentencesunderlinedinto

Chinese.(20points)

Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehow

theirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.It

isnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonis

intelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneis

cooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.

Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,

extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.

(61)Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertain

characteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.

Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwodistinct

schoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.

Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesarevery

differentfromeachother.Thecontroversyis

oftenconvenientlyreferredtoasanaturevs.

nurture.”

(62)Thosewhosupportthe“nature”side

oftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalities

andbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedby

biologicalfactors.(63)Thatoucenvironment

haslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,

characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothis

theory.

Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintains

thatourbehaviorispre-determinedtosucha

-21-

greatdegreethatwearealmostcompletely

governedbyourinstincts.

Thosewhosupportthe“nurture”theory,

thatis,theyadvocateeducation,areoften

calledbehaviorists.Theyclaimthatour

environmentismoreimportantthanour

biologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghow

wewillact.Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner,sees

humansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmost

completelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.(64)

Thebehavioristsmaintainthat,likemachines,

humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthe

basisoftheirbehavior.

Letusexaminethedifferentexplanations

aboutonehumancharacteristic,intelligence,

offeredbythetwotheories.(65)Supportersof

the“nature“theoryinsistthatweareborn

withacertaincapacityforlearningthatis

biologicallydetermined.Needlesstosay:They

don'tbelievethatfactorsintheenvironment

havemuchinfluenceonwhatisbasicallya

predeterminedcharacteristic.Ontheotherhand,

behavioristsarguethatourintelligencelevels

aretheproductofourexperiences.(66)

Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhois

raisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemany

stimuliwhichdevelophisorhercapacityfor

-22-

appropriateresponseswillexperiencegreater

intellectualdevelopment.

Thesocialandpoliticalimplicationsof

thesetwotheoriesareprofound.(67)Inthe

UnitedStates,blacksoftenscorebelowwhites

onstandardi