北京大兴区2024-2025学年高二上学期期末英语检测试卷（含答案）

北京大兴区2024-2025学年高二上学期期末英语检测试卷考生须知1.本试卷共10页，满分100分。考试时间90分钟。2.在试卷和答题卡上准确填写学校名称、班级、姓名和准考证号。3.试题答案一律填涂在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。4.在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。LifehasatendencytothrowobstaclestoStephintheway.Hersinglemothersupportedthreedaughtersonamodestincome.Afterdroppingoutshefoundajob,andtriedtofigureoutwhattodowithher___1___.Theanswercameoneafternoonwhenshewascleaningthecloset.Insideaboxshe___2___twopagesfromtheteacher,DorothyClark,whohadherjunioryear.Oneafternoon,Mrs.Clarkwalkedintotheclassroomcarryingastackofpaperstitled“Mrs.Clark’sBookList”whichincluded153books,___3___differentsubjects.“Itwasn’thomework,”theteacherannounced,“butitcouldbearoadmap.”Soitbegan.Startingatthetop,Stephwouldreadeverybookintheordertheyappeared.Overtheyears,thereadinglistwasa___4___inherlifeevenonvacationtravelingwithhersoshecouldheadtobookstoresforthenextbookonthelist.“Itwasfun,likeatreasurehunt.”Despitemissingcollege,the___5___bookwormhasaccomplishedthe-missionwithinfiveyears.“Ifeel___6___throughthelist.Eachofthosebooks___7___mypassiontolearnmoreabouttheperson,subjectmatter,ortimeinhistory,whichmademelookforotherbooks,hopingto___8___myknowledge.”StephwishesshecouldsharewithMrs.Clarkhowthelisthaschangedherlifeandwhatsheattains.___9___asimpleclassroomhandout,atleastoneyoungwomanwhocouldn’taffordcollegewasthebetterforit.“Itwasnotmerelyabooklistbutaguidanceoutof___10___.”1.A.skill B.life C.dream D.destination2.A.spotted B.realized C.examined D.held3A.consisting B.conveying C.covering D.changing4.A.tool B.constant C.reward D.fortune5.A.terrifying B.recognised C.harmful D.passionate6.A.optimistic B.enlightened C.amused D.panic7.A.restrict B.dismiss C.stimulate D.protect8.A.maintain B.share C.assess D.enhance9.A.Apartfrom B.Insteadof C.Thanksto D.Regardlessof10.A.confusion B.trouble C.pain D.misunderstanding第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。EveryyearaheadofthearrivalofLunarNewYear,ChinaPhilately(集邮)publishedstampsand___11___(culture)productsasafestivewarm-up.Thecollection,___12___(launch)overtheweekendinShanghai,includesnotebooks,postcards,stampstocelebratethecomingYearoftheSnake,___13___beginsonJan29.HarryPotterfanscanalsopurchasemovie-themedproductsrelatingtosnakes.ThisisatrulydreamlikecombinationofChineseandWesternculture.B阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。DomPecorataughthimselftofixbikesbywatchingvideos___14___hewasalittlekid.Afterwards,hestarteddoingrepairstoraisemoneyforhisdreammountainbikeandeven___15___(decide)tosurprisesixotherkidswithbrand-newbikes.Hisbiggestgoalnowis___16___(give)away100bikesormoreperyeartopeoplewhoaresufferingfromhealthissuesordealingwithhomelessness.C阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Manypeoplefeelthey___17___(catch)intheirresistibleoveruseoftheirsmartphones.A___18___(grow)bodyofevidenceshowsthatthemoretimeaperson___19___(spend)consumingdigitalmediaeachday,themorelikelytheyaretostrugglewithdepressionandanxiety.Whatdoweknowabout___20___phonesaffectourday-to-daysocialinteractions?It’sacomplicatedquestionbecauseit’snotjustaboutsmartphoneuse,it’saboutwhatyouaredoinginyourlifeandwhereyourfocusis.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ASleddingintheForestPreservesOneofthebenefitsofwinterinCookCountyiszoomingdownthegentlyslopinghillsintheforest.Anotherbenefit?Fourlocationshavelightsonthehill,soyoucankeepthesleddingfungoingdespitetheearlysunsets.Thefourforesthillsareopenuntil7:30or8:30p.m.and,ofcourse,ifthere'senoughsnow.Pleasenoteyoucannotbringyourownsled.Sleddingrentalsare$15forahalfday,$25forthefullday.Thereisnoadditionalchargeforuseoftheslopinghills.Checksiteforcontactnumbersandsnowconditions.fpdcc.com/things-to-do/sleddingBobbyHullCommunityIceRinkTheareanearWestCommunityhasoneofthebiggestwintertimedrawsforfamilieswhowanttohittheice.Cicero'soutdoorrinkoffersarangeoffrozenfun,includingskatinglessons,openskatesandthechancetopracticeskills.Visittherink'sFacebookpageforscheduledetails.BobbyHullCommunityIceRink,3400S.53rdAve,Cicero.$12foropenskates,S3skaterental;cashonly.http://facebook.com/bobbyhullcommunityicerinkMountHoySnowTubingThetripdownMountHoyisalivelyone:800feetfromtoptobottom.Andaslongasit'scoveredinthreeormoreinchesofsnow,you'rewelcometorentatubeandzoomdown.Thehillisopen10a.m.till4p.m.weekendsandholidaysthroughFeb.23;tuberentalsendat3:30p.m.AtBlackwellForestPreserve,ButterfieldRoadbetweenWinfieldRoadandRoute59,Warrenville.Admissionisfree,butpersonaltubesarenotallowed.$10rentalpertube./y9nox4etWinterWonderlandandIceRinkHaven'tgottenyourfillofthebriskcoldhittingyourfaceasyoupracticeyourdoublesalchowsandtriplelutzesontheice?Don'tworry!TheVillageofOrlandPark'srinkisopensevendaysaweek,startingat4p.m.onweekdaysandnoononweekends.Therinkoffersfreehelmetrentals,plusawarminghouseforthosewhoprefertocheerfromthesidelines.WinterWonderlandIceRink,15600WestAvenueandFunDrive,OrlandPark.Admission:$20Adult,$15Student5-17;S3forskaterental.http://orlandpark.org/services/parks/ice-rink21.Ifyouwanttotakeiceskatinglessons,visit_____________________formoreinformation.A./y9nox4etB.thingsto-do/sleddingC.http://orlandpark.org/services/parks/ice–rinkD./bobbyhullcommunityicerink22.Ifyouhad$10,youcouldchoose_____________________.A.MountHoySnowTubing B.SleddingintheForestPreservesC.BobbyHullCommunityIceRink D.WinterWonderlandandIceRink23.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTrue?A.Theopeninghoursare10a.m.to4p.m.everydaytillFeb.23atMountHoy.B.BobbyHullCommunityIceRinkisanattractionnearWestCommunity.C.NowarminghouseisavailableattheVillageofOrlandPark'srink.D.Thereisalwaysenoughsnowforsleddingintheforestpreserves.BAyearago,Idecidedtocreateamoreenvironmentallyfriendlykitchen,focusingonreducingthesingle-useproductssuchasplasticbagsandpapertowels.I’mnotgoingtosugarcoatmyexperience.Ittakescommitmentandawillingnesstochangelong-heldhabits.Increatingmykitchen,Itriedalotofdifferentalternativeproductsandsomeplainoldcommonsense;theresult,however,hasbeenworththeeffort.I’mrecyclingmoreandrelyinglessonsingle-useproductsandI’msavingmoneytoo.I’mnotkiddingwhenIsaythatIusedtoreallyloveplasticstoragebags,sothiswas,perhaps,thebiggestchallengeforme.Switchingtoreusablestoragebagsisafinancialinvestment,butthecostisreasonableconsideringthatIpreviouslyspentatleast$100annuallyonsingle-useplasticbagsandwrap.Iwillcheckonlineperiodicallyforrecyclingupdates,whereazero-wasteboxforkitchenitemsisoffered,frompartysuppliestomixed-materialfoodcontainers.I’macleanfreak(怪人)andusedtogothroughanamountofpapertowelsonadailybasis,butit’seasyenoughtotakeoldT-shirtsortowelsandcutthemuptousetowipedownsurfaces.I’malsoafanofbamboopapertowels,whichhavethelookandfeeloftraditionalpapertowels,yetaremadefromahighlyrenewablesourceandalsobreakdowninjust45days.Betteryet,theycanbereusedupto100times.Asforkitchensponges(海绵擦),Ikeepaneyeoutforthosemadewithnaturalandrecyclablematerials.WhenpurchasinghouseholditemsonlinefromcompanieslikeAmazonorJet,Iwillasktohavethemshippedinasfewboxesaspossibleorassmallaboxaspossibleifasingleitemistobesent.I’llletthecompanyknowthattheyshouldpaymoreattentiontohowitispackagingitemsfordelivery.24.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeofcreatingherkitchen?A.Tosavemoney. B.Topromoteherlong-heldhabits.C.Toreducewasteandrecyclemore. D.Tomakeitcleanerandmorepractical.25.Increatingherkitchen,whatdoestheauthordo?A.Beginstorecyclemoresingle-useplasticbags.B.Checksonlineperiodicallytobuyzero-wasteboxes.C.Choosestousetherecyclableorreusablekitchenitems.D.Goesthroughanamountofpapertowelsonadailybasis.26.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthetext?A.Sheisusedtotraditionalpapertowels.B.Shehasstrongenvironmentalawareness.C.Shehasagoodknowledgeoffinancialinvestment.D.Shepreferstohaveherpurchasespackedinsingle-useboxes.CAnAImodelcanbeusedtodetectstressinofficeworkersbasedonhowtheyusetheirmouseandkeyboard.Anewstudysuggeststhatamachine-learningmodelusingthesetwoelementswasmoreaccurateatdetectingstressinpeoplethanamodelthattrackedtheirheart-ratedata.“Wesawthatthemodelsthatjustusedthemouseandkeyboarddataperformedbetterthanthemodelsthathadtheheart-ratedatainit,”saysMartNaegelin.aPh.D.studentattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnology,andoneofthestudy’sauthors.Naegelinandherfellowresearchersusedmachine-learningmodelstoanalyzedataonkeyboard-typingactivity,mousemovementsandheart-ratedata.Theyalsostudiedthedataofacombinationoftwoorallthreeoftheseelementstodeterminewhichperformedbestintermsofmeasuringstress.Theyfoundthatthemodeltrainedonmouseandkeyboarddataperformedbetterthanthemodelthatusedmouse,keyboardandheartrates.Ofthesingle-modality(形态)models,theheart-ratedataperformedtheworst.“Thetestwasconductedinanenvironmentthatsimulatedanofficeenvironment,sotheresultsstillneedtobeconfirmedinreal-lifescenarios(情况),”Naegelinsays.Intheexperiment,participantsweredividedintothreegroups.Acontrolgroupcarriedoutassignedtasks,suchasplanningmeetingsandcollectingdata,withnoadditionalwork.Asecondgroupattimesansweredquestionsfrommanagersinpersoninamockinterviewscenariowhilecompletingotherassignedtasks.Andmembersofathirdgroupwere,atcertainpoints,interruptedwithadditionalquestionssentthroughanonlinechatontopoftasksassignedtoothergroups.Atregularintervalsduringtheexperiment,participantswereaskedtoratetheirstresslevelsthroughacomputerquestionnaire.Researcherslearnedthatworkersmadelonger,lessaccuratemovementswiththeirmouse,aswellasmoretypingerrors,whentheywerestressed.Shorter,moredirectmovementswiththemouseweretiedtolowerstresslevels.Thestudydidn’tfocusonwhyincreasedlevelsofstressarethoughttoaffectmuscleactivity.Theresearcherssaytheybelieveastress-detectionsystemthatlogskeyboardandmousemovementsmightbebeneficialasaself-helptoolforemployeesalongsideotherinitiativestoimproveworkplacementalhealth.Butemployeeparticipationwouldneedtobeoptionalandbasedoninformedconsent(同意),andcompanieswouldneedtocommittoprotectinguserprivacy.Itremainstobeseenhowthistechnologywillevolveandbeadoptedinpractice,butthepotentialforAItocontributepositivelytoemployeewell-beingisanappealingavenueforfutureexploration.27.WhatdoweknowfromNaegelin’sstudy?A.Heart-ratedatahaslittleconnectionwithstress.BMouseandkeyboarddataproveseffectiveinstressdetection.C.Mousedataperformsworstinmeasuringstressamongallmodels.D.Usingmoreelementsinamodelincreasesaccuracyinstressdetection.28.WhatisParagragh5mainlyabout?A.Theresearchprocess. B.Theresearchfindings.C.Theresearchpurpose. D.Theresearchbackground.29.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.AImodelsbasedonmouseandkeyboarddatahavebeenwidelyapplied.B.Naegelin’sstudyexplainswhymuscleactivitycanaffectstresslevels.C.Employersneedtorespectemployees’privacywhiledetectingstress.D.Astress-detectionsystemimprovesphysicalhealthattheworkplace.30.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Tointroduceanewmodeltodetectstress.B.Tocomparedifferentmodelsinstressdetection.C.Toshowthedisadvantagesofbeingoverstressed.D.Tostatetheimportanceofastress-detectionsystem.DResearchsometimesproves,withdata,whatwemoreorlessalreadyknow.Exerciseisgoodforyou,andpollutedairisn’t.Still,sometimesourintuitionsareincorrect,andscientificfindingssurprisedresearchers,alongwiththerestofus.ArecentexampleisthephenomenonofvanishinglakesintheArcticregion.Youmightthinktheselakeswouldbeexpanding,notvanishing.AsclimatechangewarmstheArcticregion,meltingsurfacesnowandiceandthawing(解冻)permafrost(冻土),thereshouldbemoresurfacewater.Existinglakesshouldbegrowing.Recently,however,scientistshaveobservednotjustshrinkinglakes,thatis,lakesarebecomingsmaller,butlakesthathavecompletelydisappeared.ApaperpublishedthisyearmNatureClimateChange,basedonsatelliteimagery,foundwidespreadlakelossacrosstheArcticoverthepast20years.Manyscientistssharedthecommonsenseexpectationthataspermafrostthawed,lakeswouldatfirstexpandbecauseoftheincreasedmeltwaterflowingintothem.Eventually,researchersprojected,progressivewarmingduringthe21stand22ndcenturieswoulddryouttheArcticenoughthatlakeswouldbegintoshrink.ButnowitlooksasifArcticlakesaredisappearingacenturyormoresoonerthantheywerepredictedto.Whatiscausingthistohappen?Basically,thegroundisbecomingmorepermeable(可渗透的).Wetalkabout“solidground,”butitsparticlesofrock,mineralandorganicmatteractuallyhavespacesbetweenthem.Inpermafrost,thespacesarefilledwithsolidice,soliquidwatercannotreadilypassthroughthem.Butwhenthepermafrostthaws,watercanflowdownward.Whydidscientistsmissthis?Onereasonisthatmostclimatemodelsassumethatpermafrostthawisdrivenonlybywarmingair.Newevidencesuggeststhatrainfallisnowcontributinggreatlytopermafrostloss.Therainfallcarriesheatintotheground.Yetnoneofthemodelsincorporatedsuchprocesses.Thisisagoodexampleofwhy—nomatterhowadvancedourmodelsare—wewillstillneedtocontinuemakingdirectobservationsofthenaturalworld.TheArcticlakesprovidecrucialfreshwaterforcriticalhabitatsforawiderangeofplantsandanimallife.Thelossofwetareasthataccompanytheselakescanalsoleadtoanincreaseinwildfires,whichonlyservestomeltmorepermafrost.Thepermafrostthawwillleadtothereleaseofsomegreenhousegases,whichwillaccelerateglobalwarming.Thereis,ofcourse,aclearpathtosavingArcticlakes:stopthecarbonpollutionthatisdrivingglobalclimatechange.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vanishing”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Disappearing. B.Existing. C.Growing. D.Flowing.32.WhatiscausingthelakelosstooccursoonerthanpredictedintheArctic?A.Thepermafrostthawasaresultoftheprogressivewarming.B.Therapidevaporationoflakewaterduetothewarmingair.C.Thereleaseofgreenhousegasesasaresultofthepermafrostthaw.D.Thedownwardflowofsurfacewaterinlakesresultingfrompermafrostthaw.33.ScientistsfailedtomakethecorrectpredictionabouttheArcticlakesbecause______A.theydidn’temployadvancedenoughmodelsB.theydidn’tanticipatetheeffectoftherainfallC.theydidn’tmakeuseoftheclimatemodelsproperlyD.theydidn’tmaketheirpredictionsbasedonsufficientdata34.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheEffectsoftheLakeLoss B.TheMeasuresagainsttheLakeLossC.ThePuzzleoftheDisappearingLakes D.ThePhenomenonofPermafrostThaw第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。“Moneycan’tbuyyouhappiness”iseitherawell-knownpieceoffolkwisdom,oratiredcliché(陈词滥调).Isitright,though?Scientificallyspeaking,theanswerismixed.ArecentstudycarriedoutattheUniversityofBathhasonceagainlookedattherelationshipbetweenincomeandhappiness.Itseemsthat,uptoapointandwithinaspecificsetofcircumstances,moneycanbuyhappiness.___35___Whatmakesushappy?Atthemostfundamentallevel,thethingsthatmakeushappyarethosethatsatisfyourbasicbiologicalneeds.___36___Ourbrainrecognizesthesethingsasbeing“biologicallysignificant”.Ifweobtainthem,weexperienceasenseofhappiness.However,thisdoesn’tmean“moremoney”automaticallymeans“morehappiness”.Moneymayberecognizedbyourbrainsasbiologicallysignificant,butthereisanupperlimitonhowrewardingevenbiologicallysignificantthingscanbe.Forexample,eatingfoodcanoftenbepleasurable,butatsomepoint,you’llbesated(过饱的)afterwhichpointeatingmorecausesactualdiscomfort.___37___Buildtoomanybarriersaroundyourselfandyouwillendupfeelingisolated.There’salsothephenomenonofhabituationwherethefundamentalpartsofourbrainslearnnottoreacttothingsthatoccurpredictablyandreliably.Thisiswhythingsthataresurprisingandunexpectedareoftenmorerewardingthanfamiliarthings.___38___Receivingyourregularpayisreassuring,butreceivingmoneyunexpectedly,evenifit’safarsmallersum,oftenmakesyoumuchhappier.Also,whenweactivelyneeditforoursurvival,obtainingmoneyisveryrewarding.Oncewegobeyondthatpoint,inotherwords,oncewe’re“financiallysecure”,itspowertomakeushappyissignificantlyreduced.___39___A.Inmanycases,thesamethinghappenswithmoney.B.Thisultimatelymeansmoney’slinktohappinessismoreindirect.C.Thesamegoesfordrinkingandevenforthingslikeshelterandsecurity.DItmightbebettertoconsiderthatmoneycanbuyyousafetyandsecurity.E.Wehumansneedmanythingstoensureoursurvival,likefood,waterandsecurity.F.Butbeyondthat,therelationshipbetweenmoneyandhappinessbecomesmoreuncertain.G.Instead,morepsychologicalstimulationliketravellinghasagreaterabilitytomakeushappy.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。ASchoolyardGardenHaveyouevereatensomethingthatyougrewinyourowngarden?Manypeoplehavenothadthepleasureofthisexperience.AliceWaters,theownerofarestaurant,setouttochangeallthatforaspecialgroupofstudentsatamiddleschool.Watersworkedwiththeschool’sprincipaltocreateacookingandgardeningprogramattheschool.Watersbelievesintheimportanceofpeopleknowingwheretheirfoodcomesfrom.Shealsobelievesthatthereisastrongrelationshipbetweenfood,health,andtheenvironment.Hergoalatthemiddleschoolwastoshowchildrenthepleasureingardeningandinpreparingthefoodsthattheycultivated.Shewantedtoteachthemthatahealthybodyandahealthyenvironmentgohandinhand.TheprojectthatWatersbegantookalotoftimeandpatience.Shereliedonthehelpofteachers,students,andcommunityvolunteerstoturnaparkinglotintoagarden.Atthesametime,renovationwasbeguntoturnanoldcafeteriaintoakitchenwherestudentscouldpreparefoodsandsharemealswiththeirteachers.Then,thefirstusablecropswereplanted.Theyincludedvariousvegetables.Inthefollowingyeartheybroughttheadditionofplants.Everyyearsincethen,newcropsareaddedandoldcropsareevaluatedtomakesurethattheyarebestsuitedfortheenvironmentandtheneedsoftheschool.Studentshavefoundthattheylookforwardtothetimetheyspendinthegardeneachweek.Theyhavelearnedhowtoweed,prune,andharvest.Theyhavelearnedaboutthelifecyclesofvariousplants.Theyalsoknowhowtoenrichthesoilthroughcomposting,aprocessinwhichleftoverscrapsoffruitsandvegetablesareusedasfertilizer.Manyhavediscoveredthattheylikefruitsandvegetablesthattheyhadneverbeforebeenwillingtotry.AliceWatersdreamsthatonedaytherewillbeagardenineveryschool.Shehopesthatschoollunchescanbepreparedusingtheproducefromthegardensandotherlocally-grownorganicproduce.40.WhydidWaterscreatethisgardeningandcookingprogramintheschool?____________________________________________________________________________41.Whatpreparation(s)didtheymakebeforetheproject?____________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Tomakethesoilmoresuitableforvariouscropsandvegetables,theyboughtchemicalfertilizerstoenrichthesoil.____________________________________________________________________________43.Iftherewereasimilarprojectinyourschool,wouldyouliketotakepartinit?Whyorwhynot?(Inabout40words)____________________________________________________________________________第二节（20分）44.假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的外国笔友Jim要参加“文化北京”的研学活动，计划在寒假期间体验北京的历史文化，来信征求你的意见。请你给Jim回邮件，内容包括：1.推荐一项体验活动；2.简要说明理由。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________