2017-2018学年人教课标高一英语必修3教学课件Unit4AstronomyUsinglanguage

Unit4Unit4Astronomy:IsaacNewton1642～1727英国物理学家

经典物理学理论体系的建立者Pre-listening1665年创立微分；1666年开始研究积分。1666年,开始想到研究重力(gravity)问题，苹果落地的传说，也是在此时发生的轶事。其一生的重大科学思想是在这两年期间（22至23岁）形成的。1669年，把《自然哲学的数学原理》，《宇宙体系》等手稿送到剑桥大学图书馆收藏。晚年研究宗教。AlbertEinstein(1879～1955)

质量(m)和能量(E)的相当性：E＝mc2

爱因斯坦在量子论、分子运动论、相对论(TheoryofRelativity)等物理学的三个不同领域取得了历史性成就，特别是狭义相对论的建立和光量子论的提出，推动了物理学理论的革命，他对社会进步事业也有重要贡献。StephenHawkingbornin1942斯蒂芬·藿金是当今科学界的一位传奇人物。这不仅仅因为他是一位被誉为继爱因斯坦后最著名的科学思想家和最杰出的理论物理学家，还在于他是在常人无法想象的身体状况下进行研究和创造性工作的。blackhole黑洞

黑洞并非只是吞噬物质。除了会在星系形成的过程中扮演重要角色外，在经过一段相当漫长的时间后，黑洞也会把一些曾被它吸入的物质信息向外界释放出来。Nowwe’regoingtolistentoatalkaboutthetheoriesofgravity.Listencarefullyandtrytogetthemainideaofit.ListeningAThetextisabouthowthreescientistswantedtofindoutaboutthebeginningoftheuniverse.BThetextisabouthowtheideaofgravityhasdevelopedoveralongperiodoftime.CThetextisabouttheimportanceofthreescientistsandtheirwork.Choosethebestsummary.SummaryBiscorrectbecauseitgivesaclearideaofwhatthelisteningpassageisabout.SummaryAisnottrue.Thethreescientistswantedtoexplainhowtheuniverseworkedandnothowitbegan.SummaryCistoogeneralanddoesnotgiveenoughdetailaboutwhatthelisteningpassageisabout.Listentothetapeagainandfillinthechart.IsaacNewtonAlbertEinsteinStephenHawkingIdeaLargebodieshaveaforcewhichpullsthingstowardsthem.Inspacelargeobjectsmakespaceandtimebend;thelargertheobject,thefurtherspaceandtimebend.Blackholeshaveaverylargemassandpullthingstowardsthem.IsaacNewtonAlbertEinsteinStephenHawkingDevelopmentThebiggertheobjectthestrongerthegravity.Timegoesslowerinverystronggravity.Ifyougoovertheedge,youcannotgetout;butifyoudonot,youmaybeabletoescape.MJ:Hello,DrLiYanping.It’ssogoodofyoutotalktome.Some_______askuswhythingsalwaysfallbackto_____ifyouthrowthemupintheair.Couldyou________it?LY:Well,atfirstpeoplethoughtitwasbecausetheearthwasthe______oftheuniverse.Ofcoursethatwas______.OnedayIsaacNewtonwatchedan____Listenagainandfillintheblanks.studentsearthexplaincentrewrongapple

falltotheground.Hesaidthatsomethingelsemustbe______theapplebacktoearth.Hecalledit“gravity”.MJ:Isee.Didpeople_______hisidea?LY:Theydid.Latertheyworkedoutthatbigger_______(likethesun)havestrongergravitythan_______objects(likeourplanets).Ifyou’retravellingin____space,youcouldn’tfallbacktotheearth.You’rejusttoofar______.pullingacceptobjectssmallerdeepawayMJ:Doesitmeanthere’sno______inspace?LY:No.Inaspaceshipyouwouldfeelthepullasitgot______tosuchanobject.Youwouldtravelfasterandfaster________it.MJ:Untilyouhitit?LY:Notexactly.Youmay_____itveryfastandthenitwouldthrowyououtintospaceagain.Afterthatyouwouldslowdowntothe_____speed.Part2gravityclosertowardspassusualMJ:Howdoyouknowthis?LY:In____Einsteinsaidthatinspacelargeobjectsmakespace-timebend;thelargertheobject,the______space-timebends.Sotimegoes______inverystronggravity.MJ:Whatabout______holes?LY:That’saplaceinspacewhichhassuchastrong______thatnothingcanescape____itsgravity.Thereisakindofedge1905furtherslowerblackmassfromaroundthismass.Ifyoucrossoverthisedge,it’s_________foryoutogetback.Howeverifyoudon’tcrossthisedge,youcanstill______.StephenHawkinghasdonealotof________intoblackholes.Hehasshownthatthey“spit”thingsoutas_____as“eat”them.impossibleescaperesearchwellspacewalkLookatthepictures!ReadthepassagecarefullyandthendescribethethreewaysinwhichgravitychangedforLiYanpingandhowhisweightchanged.1.

Thepullofgravitybecameverystrong

helefttheearth’satmosphere.His

weightisnormal.2.Itdisappearedwhenhewasinspace.

Heisweightless.3.Itwasverylightwhenhewas

onthemoon.Heweighsless

thanonearth.1....“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”......既然引力改变了，走路也的确需要练一练了。

nowthat同since相似，语气较弱，强调人们已知的事实。LanguagepointsTranslation.1)既然你忙,就让我给你做吧。

Nowthatyouarebusy,letmedoitfor you.2)既然人都齐了,咱们开始干吧。

Nowthateveryoneishere,let’sstart work.2.Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.

我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。

breakout

它与happen,takeplace,comeout等词的用法一样，是不及物动词，不能带宾语，不能用于被动语态。1)战争爆发e.g.TheAmericanCivilWarbrokeout

in1861.

美国内战爆发于1861年。2)发生争吵e.g.Aquarrelbrokeoutbetweenthem.

他们之间发生了争吵。3)(火灾)发生

e.g.A

fire

broke

out

in

his

house

last

night.

昨晚他家里失火了。[考点]

breakout通常指战争、疾病、灾害等的爆发。不及物动词短语不能用于被动语态。Iwasstillsleepingwhenthefire____,andthenitspreadquickly.A.brokeoutB.putoutC.cameoutD.gotout[点拨]putout扑灭；comeout出来,出版；getout（使）出来。由itspreadquickly（火迅速蔓延）可知选A。breakdown____________________________________________破门而入;打断breakawayfrom脱离;打破陈规与break相关的短语:打破;毁掉;破除;坍塌;坏掉breakinbreakthrough突围;突破;冲垮;克服_______________打碎;拆散;分裂;分解breakone’sword/promise________________________breakup食言;说话不算数选用方框内合适的词或短语，并用其适当形式填空。(其中有一个多余选项)

Therewasa_____ofpeoplearoundtheclubentrance.2.Yououghttohaveagoodrest________you’vefinishedthework.massnowthatfloatnowthatmasspullgetthehangofwatchout3.Shespenttheafternoon________onherbackinthepool.4.Itseemsdifficultatfirst,butyou’llsoon_______________it.5.Youhaveto_________becausethereareland-minesallovertheplace.watchoutfloatinggetthehangoffloatnowthatmasspullgetthehangofwatchoutII.根据括号内的提示翻译