【高考新风向】专题四七选五2-英语二轮总复习讲义教师版

专题四七选五（二）【题型把握】该题型的阅读材料长度为300词左右，文中有五处空白，文后有七个选项，要求考生从短文后的七个选项中选出五个能填入文章空白处的最佳选项。该题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和前后文联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析和理解长难句的能力。【考纲解读及命题趋势】近年来，高考“7选5”的选文以说明文居多，主要考查标题概括、主题句和过渡句等。今后，对主题句及过渡句的考查将仍是“7选5”的考查重点。【解题技巧】步骤1通读整篇文章快速浏览文章，把握段落文脉，寻找主题句，理出文章中心，掌握文章结构及文章大意。注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章首段及末段的首尾句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”为常见的写作方式。首段的首尾句很可能是全文的主题所在，并可能简要指出了文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式呈现。步骤2详读段落在短时间内，找出每段的关键词，注意关键词之间的关系。将所有句子按意义分出层次，再分析各层次之间的关系，明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。步骤3定位选项明确各选项的含义，抓住其关键词，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中。填写时尤其要注意各选项与前后句之间的衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。步骤4通读复检将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点检查逻辑关系。【知识清单】一．命题方式1、体裁以说明文为主，间或考查记叙文或议论文。主要围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题。2、倾向于不带标题或段落小标题，但文章大都结构清晰。3、设空位置以段中为主，从功能上来说主要考查：(1)主旨概括句(文章整体内容)(2)过渡性句子(文章结构)(3)注释性句子(上下文逻辑关系)选项特征文中的五处空白一般分布于各个段落的段首、段中或段尾。其选项一般分为四类：主题概括句、过渡句(反映文章结构)、细节理解句(反映上下文逻辑关系)、结论句。多余的两个选项也往往从这四个方面设置，例如主题概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡句不能反映文章的行文结构，细节理解句与上下文脱节等。常用解题方法策略1分析篇章结构分析篇章结构及把握全文脉络是解题的关键。语篇通常由段落构成，所以分析篇章结构包括两个层次：一是分析段落之间的层次，也就是语篇层次；二是分析每个段落内部的层次，即句际层次，尤其是选项与前后句之间的逻辑关系，这是确定答案的主要依据。策略2辨别语境线索语境线索主要指反映上下文关系的衔接手段，如篇章结构、原文复现、逻辑关系、连接、指称、同构等。原文复现是指词或短语的重复出现，但这里不仅是指词或短语的简单重现，还指某一词或短语可能以不同词性、数、格、时态等形式出现，如read,reading,reader,readers，还可能是以同义词、近义词甚至反义词等形式出现。逻辑关系是指上下文之间内在的、必然的联系，包括时间先后关系、因果关系等。连接是指用连接词或连接语表明上下文之间的逻辑关系，如and,however。指称是指用代词替代前文已出现的人物、事件、物品等，如he,she,they。同构是指上下文使用了相同或类似的句式。策略3注意一些关键词(1)注意代词。代词是用来指代名词或句子的。做题时，一定要注意句中出现的人称代词或指示代词，通过代词在句中所作的成分推断出它指代的成分的类型，进而从选项中找到答案。(2)注意疑问词。如果选项中或设空处前出现疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为针对不同疑问词的回答方式是不一样的。比如对why的回答，要用because等表示原因的词；对when的回答，要用表示时间的状语；对where的回答，要用表示地点的状语；对how的回答，要用表示方式或程度的状语等。(3)注意连接词或短语。①因果关系：so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,asaresult等；②并列关系：first,second,third;firstly,secondly,thirdly;first,next,then;inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace;foronething,foranother等；③转折关系：but,however,nevertheless,nonetheless,instead,though,yet,onthecontrary,bycontrast,conversely,otherwise等；④递进关系：also,further,furthermore,moreover,inaddition,what'smore,notonly…butalso…等。【专项练习】ACatbehaviorscanvaryenormouslyfromonecattoanother.Theyarecertainlyinterestingcreatureswithmanycuteandsometimesstrangehabitsthatoftenhaveuswondering.1Whydocatslikehighplaces?Wildcatswerehunters,andfrequentinghighplacesmeanttheyhadsomewheresafetoviewtheirterritory,watchfordanger,andattackprey.2Ourdomesticatedcatsalsoenjoywatchingtheworldfromabove,whichprovidesthemwithasafe,calmplaceawayfromtheactivityinahouse.3Bothwildanddomesticcatsaredrawntohidingandsleepingincontainedareas.Athome,itisoftenthehumblecardboardbox.Catsarepredators,andaboxoffersaperfectplacetohidewhilewaitingforpreyandalsotopouncefrom,asonlyoneentranceexists.Whydoesmycatgive“gifts”?Catsarewellknownforleavingusgiftsthatwemaynotwant,suchaslizardsormice.4Showingofftheircatchtoyoumeansyouareapartoftheirfamilyandtheywanttoshowyoutheirhuntingskills.5Besuretoofferyourcatavarietyoftoystohelpthemsatisfythesenaturalhuntinginstincts.【选项】A．Whydocatssitinboxes?B．Catsarepredatorsandwillhuntifallowedoutdoors.C．Whydocatslikeplayingwithboxes?D．ThisappearstobeembeddedintotheirDNA．E．Don’texpressanger,astheywillnotunderstand.F．Acat’snaturalbehavioristowithdrawandhideinstresssituation.G．VeterinarianDrKatrinaWarrenprovidesanswerstoyourquestionsaboutcatbehaviors.【答案】1．G

2．D

3．A

4．B

5．E【详解】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了关于猫的一些奇怪行为的解答；1．上文“Catbehaviorscanvaryenormouslyfromonecattoanother.

Theyarecertainlyinterestingcreatureswithmanycuteandsometimesstrangehabitsthatoftenhaveuswondering.”（猫的行为因猫而异。它们当然是有趣的生物，有许多可爱的，有时是奇怪的习惯，经常让我们感到好奇。）引出话题，说明猫的行为让人好奇。以及下文“Whydocatslikehighplaces?”（为什么猫喜欢高处？）和“Whydoesmycatgive“gifts”?”（为什么我的猫会送“礼物”？）两个问题。故可推断空格处内容为将会为你解答有关猫行为的问题。结合选项G项“兽医卡特里娜·沃伦博士将为您解答有关猫行为的问题。”符合此推断，起到上下文的承上启下作用。故选G项；2．上文“Whydocatslikehighplaces?Wildcatswerehunters,andfrequentinghighplacesmeanttheyhadsomewheresafetoviewtheirterritory,watchfordanger,andattackprey.”（为什么猫喜欢高处？野猫是猎人，经常出现在高处意味着它们有一个安全的地方来观察自己的领土，观察危险，攻击猎物。）说明猫喜欢从高处看东西。下文“Ourdomesticatedcatsalsoenjoywatchingtheworldfromabove,whichprovidesthemwithasafe,calmplaceawayfromtheactivityinahouse.”（我们家养的猫也喜欢从上面看世界，这为它们提供了一个远离室内活动的安全、平静的地方。）再次举例证明猫的这一性格特点。故可推断空格处内容为这或许是猫的一种天生具有的特性。结合选项D项“这似乎是嵌入到它们的DNA中。”符合此推断，为上下文的承上启下，上下文语意连贯。故选D项；3．由文章结构可知，该空为小标题，为总结该段内容，也是其中之一的问题。该段下文“Bothwildanddomesticcatsaredrawntohidingandsleepingincontainedareas.Athome,itisoftenthehumblecardboardbox.Catsarepredators,andaboxoffersaperfectplacetohidewhilewaitingforpreyandalsotopouncefrom,asonlyoneentranceexists.”（野猫和家猫都喜欢躲在封闭的地方睡觉。在家里，它通常是简陋的纸板箱。猫是掠食者，盒子是等待猎物和猛扑的绝佳藏身之处，因为只有一个入口。）可知，讲的是猫喜欢待的地方。结合选项A项“猫为什么坐在盒子里？”意思一致，为总结该段内容。故选A项；4．根据下文“Showingofftheircatchtoyoumeansyouareapartoftheirfamilyandtheywanttoshowyoutheirhuntingskills.”（向你炫耀它们的猎物意味着你是它们家庭的一员，它们想向你展示它们的狩猎技能。）可知，讲的是关于捕猎方面的话题，结合选项B项“猫是食肉动物，如果被允许到户外，它们就会捕猎。”也是讲的关于捕猎方面的事情，下文是对该空格处内容的补充解释，上下文语意连贯。故选B项；5．根据上文“Catsarewellknownforleavingusgiftsthatwemaynotwant,suchaslizardsormice.”（众所周知，猫会给我们留下我们可能不想要的礼物，比如蜥蜴或老鼠。）和“Showingofftheircatchtoyoumeansyouareapartoftheirfamilyandtheywanttoshowyoutheirhuntingskills.”（向你炫耀它们的猎物意味着你是它们家庭的一员，它们想向你展示它们的狩猎技能。）讲的是猫给我们带来不喜欢的东西，但这只是猫想向你展示它们的狩猎技能。以及下文“Besuretoofferyourcatavarietyoftoystohelpthemsatisfythesenaturalhuntinginstincts.”（一定要给你的猫提供各种各样的玩具，帮助它们满足这些自然的狩猎本能。）讲的是尽量满足猫的狩猎本能，可知猫没错，故可推断空格处内容为不要对猫表达出我们的不满。结合选项E项“不要表达愤怒，因为它们不会理解。”符合此推断，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。BFriendshipisaverybeautifulbondinwhichnooneisbigorsmall,nooneisrichorpoor,andnooneisuglyorbeautiful.6Infriendship,therearenotermsandconditions.Thereisnoagefactorinfriendship.Eachpersonhashisorherownmind,ownviews.andownperspectiveonlife.Youcanlearnalotfromeveryoneofyourfriends.7Itisbesttohaveonegoodfriendwhoacceptsyouasyouare,whobridgesgapsandneverletsyoufall.AstheancientGreekpoetEuripidesputit,“Friendsshowtheirloveintimesoftrouble,notinhappiness.”Behappyandcheerfulaboutyourfriends’success.Alwaysstandbyyourfriends.8Givewhateveryouwantfromyourfriends,likehonesty,love,supportandunderstanding,andneverboasttoyourfriendswhenyouaremoresuccessful.9,youwillbefriendless.Everybodyhaslaws.Andforagoodfindship,weneedpatience,becausepatienceisthekeytoeverything.Abeautifulfriendshipislikeachildhoodfriendship,freeofjealousyandfulloflove.Childrenareunawareofbadfeelings,whereangercansuddenlyarise.Thisisthequalitythatmakeschildrenpureandspecial.10Thatiswhytheyarelovedbyeveryone.【选项】A．WhenyoumeetanoldfriendinapartyB．IfyouarelookingforafriendwhoisfaultlessC．Askyournewfriendsquestionsaboutthemselves.D．Friendshipmeansunderstanding,bondingandhelpfulness.E．Onegoodfriendisbetterthanthousandsofordinaryfriends.F．Neverbeselfish,andalwaystrytogivemoreandexpectless.G．Foragoodfriendship,oneneedstruelove,andchildrenarefulloflove.【答案】6．D

7．E

8．F

9．B

10．G【详解】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是作者对友谊的见解和看法；6．根据上文“Friendshipisaverybeautifulbondinwhichnooneisbigorsmall,nooneisrichorpoor,andnooneisuglyorbeautiful.(友谊是一种非常美丽的纽带，其中没有人是大是小，没有人是富人或贫穷，没有人是丑陋或美丽的)”可知，友谊没有大小，贫贱，丑美之分；下文中的“Infriendship,therearenotermsandconditions.(在友谊中。没有条款和条件)”可知，友谊没有条款和条件，所以该空应该为承上启下，D选项“Friendshipmeansunderstanding,bondingandhelpfulness.(友谊意味着理解、联系和乐于助人)”切合题意。故选D项；7．下文“Itisbesttohaveonegoodfriendwhoacceptsyouasyouare,whobridgesgapsandneverletsyoufall.(最好有一个好朋友，他接受你的本来面目，弥合差距，永远不会让你跌倒)”中的onegoodfriend与E选项“Onegoodfriendisbetterthanthousandsofordinaryfriends.(一个好朋友胜过万千个普通朋友)”中的onegoodfriend所指内容相同。故选E项；8．根据上文“Behappyandcheerfulaboutyourfriends’success.Alwaysstandbyyourfriends.(为朋友的成功感到高兴和快乐。永远支持你的朋友)”可知，此处讲述的是要始终站在朋友这边支持自己的朋友，下文“Givewhateveryouwantfromyourfriends,likehonesty,love,supportandunderstanding,andneverboasttoyourfriendswhenyouaremoresuccessful.(从朋友那里得到你想要的任何东西，比如诚实、爱、支持和理解，当你更成功时，永远不要向你的朋友吹嘘)”讲述的是要给予朋友诚实，爱，支持和理解，所以该处选择的内容是对待朋友的态度，F选项“Neverbeselfish,andalwaystrytogivemoreandexpectless.(永远不要自私，总是努力付出更多，期望更少)”切合题意。故选F项；9．分析该空的特点，空后为逗号，且空后为句子，所以根据句子结构可知，该空应该为带有连词的句子结构，或者是非谓语结构，B选项“Ifyouarelookingforafriendwhoisfaultless(如果你正在寻找一个完美无缺的朋友)”与A选项“Whenyoumeetanoldfriendinaparty(当你在聚会上遇到老朋友时)”符合句子结构条件，结合下文“youwillbefriendless.(你会没有朋友)”可知，B选项衔接上下文。故选B项；10．根据上文“Thisisthequalitythatmakeschildrenpureandspecial.(正是这种品质让孩子变得纯洁而特别)”与下文“Thatiswhytheyarelovedbyeveryone.(这就是为什么他们受到所有人的喜爱)”可知，代词they指代的是children，且讲述的是友谊与儿童一样，都需要爱，G选项“Foragoodfriendship,oneneedstruelove,andchildrenarefulloflove.(为了一段美好的友谊，一个人需要真爱，而孩子充满了爱)”将上下文衔接，符合上下文内容。故选G项。CAreyoufrequentlydepressedbythefeelingthatlifeisleavingyoubehindparticularlywhenyoulookoversocialmediasitesandarefacedwithalltheexcitingthingsyourfriendsareupto?11FOMO,orFearofMissingOutreferstotheperceptionthatotherpeople’slivesaresuperiortoourown.Itappearsasadeepsenseofenvy,andconstantexposuretoitcanhaveaweakeningeffectonourself-esteem(自尊).Whilefeelingsofenvyandlackofconfidenceseemtobehumannature,socialmediaseemstohaveaddedfueltothefire.12Socialmedia,withitsbuilt-inappeal,allowsustoshareonlythebestpresentationsofourlife,whileleavingoutthemoreboringaspects.Althoughthiscouldbecharacterizedasdishonest,itistheatmospheresocialmediaseemstodemand.Sohowdoweavoidbeingtrappedintoourowninsecuritiesbysocialmedia?Consideryourownsocialmediaposts.13Well,sohaveothers.Andwhatthey’velefthiddenisthefactthatboredom,lonelinessandunpleasantchoresareanunavoidablepartofeveryone’slife,andyou’renottheonlyonefeelingleftout.14Youmaynotbearegularatfancypartiesoraclimberofdizzyingpeaks,butyouhaveyourhealth,aplacetoliveandrealfriendswhoappreciateyourpresenceintheirlives.Leantoshakeitoff.Weareallfloodeddailywithphotosofotherpeople’sperfections,butreally,whatdoesitmatter?15Andevenifyouaremoreeasilyaffectedthanothersbysocialmediaenvy,allyouneedtodoistolookaroundyouandacknowledgethatyouaredoingprettywellafterall.【选项】A．Ifso,youarenotalone.B．Valueyourfriendsinreallife.C．Learntoappreciatethepositives.D．Whydoesithavesuchastimulatingeffect?E．TheyareprobablynomorerealthanthefunniestrealityTVshow.F．Thefeelingthatweareleftouthaslong-termdamagingpsychologicalconsequences.G．Haveyoueverchosenphotosthatleadotherstotherosiestconclusionsaboutyourlife?【答案】11．A

12．D

13．G

14．C

15．E【详解】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何避免社交媒体中的嫉妒感；11．根据前句“Areyoufrequentlydepressedbythefeelingthatlifeisleavingyoubehindparticularlywhenyoulookoversocialmediasitesandarefacedwithalltheexcitingthingsyourfriendsareupto?(你是否经常感到生活离你而去，尤其是当你浏览社交媒体网站时，面对着朋友们正在做的所有令人兴奋的事情?)”及下一段“FOMO,orFearofMissingOutreferstotheperceptionthatotherpeople’slivesaresuperiortoourown.Itappearsasadeepsenseofenvy,andconstantexposuretoitcanhaveaweakeningeffectonourself-esteem(自尊).(FOMO指的是别人的生活比我们自己的生活更优越的看法。它表现为一种强烈的嫉妒感，持续暴露在这种情绪下会削弱我们的自尊。)”可知，空处为承上启下句，即强烈的嫉妒感是很多人都有的感觉，引出下文对FOMO的介绍。所以选择项A“Ifso,youarenotalone.(如果是这样，你并不孤单。)”符合上下文语境。故选A；12．根据前句“Whilefeelingsofenvyandlackofconfidenceseemtobehumannature,socialmediaseemstohaveaddedfueltothefire.(嫉妒和缺乏自信似乎是人类的天性，而社交媒体似乎在火上浇油。)”和后文“Socialmedia,withitsbuilt-inappeal,allowsustoshareonlythebestpresentationsofourlife,whileleavingoutthemoreboringaspects.Althoughthiscouldbecharacterizedasdishonest,itistheatmospheresocialmediaseemstodemand.(社交媒体，以其固有的吸引力，让我们只分享我们生活中最好的一面，而忽略了更无聊的方面。虽然这可以被定性为不诚实，但这似乎是社交媒体所需要的氛围。)”可知，空处提问社交媒体为什么会有火上浇油的刺激作用，以引出下文对其原因的介绍。所以选择项D“Whydoesithavesuchastimulatingeffect?(为什么它有这样的刺激作用？)”符合上下文语境。故选D；13．根据前句“Consideryourownsocialmediaposts.(考虑一下你自己的社交媒体帖子。)”和后文“Well,sohaveothers.Andwhatthey’velefthiddenisthefactthatboredom,lonelinessandunpleasantchoresareanunavoidablepartofeveryone’slife,andyou’renottheonlyonefeelingleftout.(其他人也是如此。而他们所隐藏的事实是，无聊、孤独和不愉快的家务是每个人生活中不可避免的一部分，你不是唯一一个被忽略的人。)”可知，呈现在社交媒体上一般都是经过选择过的，代表生活美好方面的。所以选择项G“Haveyoueverchosenphotosthatleadotherstotherosiestconclusionsaboutyourlife?(你有没有选择过一些照片，让别人对你的生活得出最美好的结论？)”符合上下文语境。故选G；14．空处为本段主题句，根据后文“Youmaynotbearegularatfancypartiesoraclimberofdizzyingpeaks,butyouhaveyourhealth,aplacetoliveandrealfriendswhoappreciateyourpresenceintheirlives.(你可能不是高档派对的常客，也不是攀登令人眼花缭乱的高峰的人，但你有健康的身体，有居住的地方，有真正的朋友，他们会欣赏你在他们生活中的存在。)”可知，本段主要介绍要学会欣赏积极的事物。所以选择项C“Learntoappreciatethepositives.(学会欣赏积极的事物。)”符合上下文语境。故选C；15．根据前句“Weareallfloodeddailywithphotosofotherpeople’sperfections,butreally,whatdoesitmatter?(我们每天都被别人完美的照片淹没，但说真的，这有什么关系呢?)”可知，我们不能社交媒体上的完美照片的影响，因为它们不一定是真实的。所以选择项E“TheyareprobablynomorerealthanthefunniestrealityTVshow.(它们可能并不比最有趣的电视真人秀更真实。)”符合上下文语境。故选E。DInlife,therearelotsofskillsweneedtolearntonavigatetheworld.Wegotoschooltolearnhowtoread,write,anddomath,etc.Buttherearesomeskillsyoudon’tgettaughtinschoolthatcanhelpyougrowandenduppayingoffnotjustintheshortterm,butthroughoutyourwholelife.16.WorkingOutConsistentlyThehardestpartaboutworkingoutisn’tliftingweightsorrunninglongdistances.17.Learninghowtomaketimeinyourlife,atallstagesofyourlife,togotothegym,hitthepavement,orrolloutyouryogamatisoneofthegreatestbattlesyoumayfacewithinyourself.Ifyoucanmasterexercisingconsistently,thepayoffwillbehuge.Meditation(冥想)18.Manypeoplepracticemeditationduringtheirentirelivestoimprovetheirmeditationskills.Butscienceshowsthatevenmeditatingforjustafewminutesadaycanhavevastimprovementsonyourlifeandbrain.Meditationcanhelpyoufocusonthepresentmoment,buildstress-managementskills,increasecreativityandpatience,andreducenegativeemotions.Meditationalsohassomemajorlong-termbenefits.19Thewayyoucommunicatewiththeworlddetermineshowtheworldinteractswithyou.Ifyoucanorallycommunicateyourneeds,thoughts,andgoalswithothersinaneffectiveway,youhaveasuperpowerthatwillhelpyougetveryfarinbusiness,relationships,andlife.Beingabletocommunicatewiththewrittenwordsalsogoesalongway—frombeingabletocraftanemailaskingyourbossforaraise,towritingoutabusinessproposal.Beingabletocommunicatethroughwritinghasenormousbenefitsforyourlifeinthelongterm.WakingUpEarly20.Forothers,ittakessomegettingusedto.However,wakingupearlyisoneofthoseskillsthatcanhelpyoumakegooduseofyourday,getmorehours,andworkonthethingsthatmattermosttoyou.Manyhigh-earningCEOshaveearlymorningroutinessuchasJeffBezos,ElonMusk,andsoon.Themostimportantaspectofwakingupearlyisthatitforcesyoutoplanyourdayconsciously,insteadofjustlettingotherpeopletellyouwhenyouwakeup.Whenyoutakecontrolofyourschedule,youcanmakeroomforthethingsthatreallymatterandimproveyourlife.【选项】A．MeditationMattersALotB．Verbal&WrittenCommunicationSkillsC．ThehardestpartisactuallymakingitaroutineD．Forsome,wakingupearlyisasnaturalasbreathingE．SittinginsilenceforanyamountoftimecanbedifficultF．SomesuccessfulpeopleattachgreatimportancetogettingupearlyG．Herearesomedifficultskillsthat,oncelearned,willpayoffforever【答案】16．G

17．C

18．E

19．B

20．D【详解】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何提高你的技能；16．根据前文“Inlife,therearelotsofskillsweneedtolearntonavigatetheworld.Wegotoschooltolearnhowtoread,write,anddomath,etc.Buttherearesomeskillsyoudon’tgettaughtinschoolthatcanhelpyougrowandenduppayingoffnotjustintheshortterm,butthroughoutyourwholelife.(在生活中，我们需要学习很多技能来驾驭这个世界。我们去学校学习如何读、写和做数学等等。但是，有些技能是你在学校里没有学到的，它们可以帮助你成长，最终不仅在短期内，而且在你的一生中都能得到回报)”可知，此处是承上启下句，既总结这一段的内容，又引出下文所讲的几项技能。所以选择项G“Herearesomedifficultskillsthat,oncelearned,willpayoffforever(这里有一些困难的技能，一旦学会，就会永远受益)”符合上下文语境。故选G；17．根据前句“Thehardestpartaboutworkingoutisn’tliftingweightsorrunninglongdistances.(健身最难的部分不是举重或长跑)”可知，锻炼最难的部分不是举重或跑很远的路程，而是将之形成日常习惯。所以选择项C“Thehardestpartisactuallymakingitaroutine(最难的部分是把它变成例行公事)”符合上下文语境。故选C；18．根据小标题“Meditation(冥想)”可知，此段讲冥想。根据空后一句“Manypeoplepracticemeditationduringtheirentirelivestoimprovetheirmeditationskills.(许多人一生都在练习冥想，以提高他们的冥想技能)”可知，冥想并不容易。所以选择项E“Sittinginsilenceforanyamountoftimecanbedifficult(安静地坐上一段时间都是很困难的)”符合上下文语境。故选E；19．这里为本段小标题。根据本段中的“Ifyoucanorallycommunicateyourneeds,thoughts,andgoalswithothersinaneffectiveway,youhaveasuperpowerthatwillhelpyougetveryfarinbusiness,relationships,andlife.Beingabletocommunicatewiththewrittenwordsalsogoesalongway—frombeingabletocraftanemailaskingyourbossforaraise,towritingoutabusinessproposal.(如果你能用口头有效地与他人交流你的需求、想法和目标，你就拥有了一种超能力，这将帮助你在商业、人际关系和生活中走得更远。能够用书面文字进行交流也有很长的路要走——从能够起草一封向老板要求加薪的电子邮件，到写出一份商业计划书)”可知，本段主要介绍提高自己的口头和书面沟通能力。所以选择项B“Verbal&WrittenCommunicationSkills(口头和书面沟通能力)”符合上下文语境。故选B；20．根据小标题“WakingUpEarly(早起)”和后句“Forothers,ittakessomegettingusedto.(对其他人来说，这需要一些时间来适应)”可知，早起习惯对各人不一样。所以选择项D“Forsome,wakingupearlyisasnaturalasbreathing(对一些人来说，早起就像呼吸一样自然)”符合上下文语境。选择项中Forothers与D项中的Forsome构成呼应。故选D。ENetworkingisaboutbeinggenerouswithourprofessionalknowledgeandhelpingeachothersucceedinourcareersandwelcomepeopleintoyourspace.21?First,findwaystogivebackandsupportthoseinyournetwork.Thatincludessharingyourexperiencewithyournewcolleaguesorvolunteeringyourtimetoacolleague’sdifficultproject.Ifyouareseenasagiver,thenothersmightbemorelikelytoturntoyouforopportunitiesorintroduceyoutoothersintheirnetwork.22.Ifyou’rejuststartingout,forexample,youmightshareagreatappwithyourteamoroffertotakemeetingnotes.23.Ifyounoticesomeonehasthesamehouseplantasyoudo,ormentionsamovieyoulove,goaheadandpointitout.That’saformofnetworking,too.Commoninterestscanofferanopeningforastrongerbondwithyourcolleagues.Thinkaboutyourgoalsandcreateaplanofactionbeforeanetworkingevent.Yougotoconferencesandjobfairsinthehopesthatyou’llcomeawaywithrealandmeaningfulconnections.However,networkingisn’tabouttalkingtothemostpeopleorcollectingthemostbusinesscards.24.Forexample,areyoulookingforinspiration?Thenreachouttopeopleyouadmireinyourfieldandbrainstormnewideaswiththem.Rememberthatnetworkingcanhappenanywhere.25.Ifyoualwayskeepyourdoorsopen,you’llbesurprisedhowoftenluckandopportunityfindyou.【选项】A．ShareyourhobbieswithyourcolleaguesB．Meetingonetimeisn’tgoingtoleadtoanythingC．It’saboutfocusingyourenergyontherightpeopleD．SowhatcanyoudotobuildandstrengthenyournetworkingE．ThisstrategyappliesnomatterwhatstageyouareinyourcareerF．ThenhowtorecognizeopportunitieswhentheyarerightinfrontofyouG．Trytolookoutsideyourregularprofessionalcirclesforlike-mindedpeople【答案】21．D

22．E

23．A

24．C

25．G【详解】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个建立、强化及扩大职业关系网的方法；21．根据前文“Networkingisaboutbeinggenerouswithourprofessionalknowledgeandhelpingeachothersucceedinourcareersandwelcomepeopleintoyourspace.(人际交往就是慷慨地传授我们的专业知识，帮助彼此在事业上取得成功，欢迎他人进入你的空间)”可知，本文主要讲述人际交往有关的话题，空处位于首段段尾，需起到引起下文的作用，所以D项“Sowhatcanyoudotobuildandstrengthenyournetworking(那么，你能做些什么来建立和加强你的人际网络呢)”符合文意，能引出下文，开始讲述如何建立和加强你的人际网络。故选D项；22．根据前文“First,findwaystogivebackandsupportthoseinyournetwork.

Thatincludessharingyourexperiencewithyournewcolleaguesorvolunteeringyourtimetoacolleague’sdifficultproject.(首先，想办法回馈和支持你社交圈里的人。这包括与新同事分享你的经验，或者自愿为同事的困难项目贡献你的时间)”可知，本段是在讲述在工作中如何建立和加强人际关系，在根据后文的例子“Ifyou’rejuststartingout,forexample,youmightshareagreatappwithyourteamoroffertotakemeetingnotes.(例如，如果你刚刚起步，你可以和你的团队分享一个很棒的应用程序，或者主动做会议笔记)”可知，E项“Thisstrategyappliesnomatterwhatstageyouareinyourcareer(无论你处于职业生涯的哪个阶段，这个策略都适用)”起到承上启下的作用。故选E项；23．分析设空可知，空处位于本段段首，应该点明本段主题，根据后文“Ifyounoticesomeonehasthesamehouseplantasyoudo,ormentionsamovieyoulove,goaheadandpointitout.

That’saformofnetworking,too.

Commoninterestscanofferanopeningforastrongerbondwithyourcolleagues.(如果你注意到有人和你有一样的室内植物，或者提到了一部你喜欢的电影，大胆地指出来。这也是一种社交方式。共同的兴趣可以为你和同事建立更紧密的关系提供一个机会)”可知，本段主要讲述了和同事分享共同的爱好，所以A项“Shareyourhobbieswithyourcolleagues(和你的同事分享你的爱好)”符合文意。故选A项；24．根据前句的例子“However,networkingisn’tabouttalkingtothemostpeopleorcollectingthemostbusinesscards.(然而，建立人脉并不仅仅是和最多的人交谈或收集最多的名片)”可知，空处承接上文说明建立人脉的重点是什么。空处应是C项“It’saboutfocusingyourenergyontherightpeople(而是把你的精力集中在对的人身上)”符合文意且和上句构成逻辑关系。故选C项；25．分析设空，谓语首句之后，应该是对首句的进一步补充说明，根据首句“Rememberthatnetworkingcanhappenanywhere.(记住，社交可以发生在任何地方)”可知，G项“Trytolookoutsideyourregularprofessionalcirclesforlike-mindedpeople(试着在你的正常工作圈子之外寻找志同道合的人)”是对前句的进一步说明，故选G项。【高考真题】A[全国甲2022]ImportantThingstoKnowWhenDiningOutCulturaldiningetiquette(礼节)mightsurpriseyouwithsomeofitsimportantrules.1.Knowingsometipswillhelpensurethatyouhaveanenjoyablemealwithfriendsorfamily—nomatterwhereyouareintheworld.ChopstickRulesThewayyouhandlechopsticksisimportanttoavoidannoyingyourcompanions.Whenyouputthemdownbetweenbites,alwaysputthemdowntogethersotheyareparallelwiththeedgeofthetableinfrontofyou.2．HandsorUtensils(餐具)InIndiaandtheMiddleEast,it'sconsideredveryrudetoeatwithyourlefthand.PeopleinFranceexpectyoutoeatwithautensilineachhand.3，insteadpreferringtousetheirhands.InChile,youmaynevertouchanyfoodwithyourfingers.PeopleinThailandgenerallyusetheirforksonlytopushfoodontotheirspoons.MakingRequests4.InPortugal,thiswouldbeaseriousmistake,becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon'tliketheirseasoningskills.Similarly,inItaly,neveraskforextracheesetoaddtoyourfood.Someoftheseculturaldiningetiquetterulesmayseemrandomandstrange,buttheyareimportantinvariouscountries.5，themorecomfortableyou'llbegintofeelwithitsforeignculturalpractices.A．ThemorefriendsyoumakeinyourlifetimeB．ThemoretimeyouspendinanygivencountryC．MexicansconsideritinappropriatetoeatwithutensilsD．Don'tgetcaughtmakinganembarrassingmistakeatarestaurantE．It'sagoodsignforthechefifyoumakeamessaroundyourplateF．NeverstickthemuprightinyourfoodorcrossthemasyouusethemG．Itmayseemlikeasimplerequesttoaskforsaltandpepperatameal【答案】1．D；2．F；3．C；4．G；5．B【详解】本文主要介绍了在不同文化背景下，外出就餐的礼仪和需要注意的细节。1．根据设空处前一句可知，与文化有关的就餐礼仪中有一些重要的规矩可能会让你吃惊；再根据设空处后的Knowingsometipswillhelpensurethatyouhaveanenjoyablemealwithfriendsorfamily可知，了解一些技巧将帮助你与朋友或家人愉快地吃饭。由此可知，D项“不要被人发现你在餐厅(就餐时)犯了令人尴尬的错误”承上启下，符合语境。2．根据设空处所在段落的小标题ChopstickRules可知，本段主要介绍筷子的使用规则。根据设空处前的Whenyouputthemdownbetweenbites,alwaysputthemdowntogethersotheyareparallelwiththeedgeofthetableinfrontofyou.可知，设空处应该继续介绍如何摆放筷子。故F项“永远不要把它们(筷子)竖直地插在你的食物上，也不要在使用筷子时将它们交叉”承接上文内容，符合语境。3．根据设空处后的insteadpreferringtousetheirhands并结合本段的小标题HandsorUtensils可知，此处表示在某些文化中，人们更喜欢用手而不是用餐具。故C项“墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不得体的”符合语境。故选C项。4．根据本段的小标题可知，本段谈论就餐时提出请求的相关内容；再根据设空处后的thiswouldbeaseriousmistake,becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon'tliketheirseasoningskills可知，此处表示空处提到的这种错误的行为会让厨师觉得你在质疑他的调味技巧。G项“吃饭时要盐和胡椒粉似乎是一个简单的请求”中的asimplerequest呼应本段小标题，askforsaltandpepper也与后文中的askforextracheese相呼应，符合语境。故选G项。5．根据设空处后的逗号，以及设空处后一句中的themore可以将答案锁定在A项和B项之中。再根据本文的主要内容与文化相关可以推断出，此处应表示“你在任何一个国家待的时间越长，你就会对这个国家的异域文化习俗感到越舒服”。故选B项。A项“你在生活中交的朋友越多”与本文的话题不相符。B[全国乙2022]Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaystosustain(保持)long­distancefriendships.·SetaregulardateLong­lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycontact(联系)andsharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.1．·Moreisn'talwaysmerrierMakesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.2．Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.·Practiseempathy(共情)3．Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.·4Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong­distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday­to­daycommunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends'birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.·Don'trelyontechnologyalone5，butlong­distancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface­to­facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.A．RememberimportantdatesB．CompensatebywritinglettersC．ItisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeperD．TrytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoitE．FriendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunicationF．ItiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmediaG．Youmaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind【答案】1．D；2．E；3．G；4．A；5．F【详解】本文主要介绍了维持远距离友谊的五种方法：设定一个固定日期；选择合适的交流方式；练习共情；记住朋友之间的重要日子；不要只依赖技术。1．设空前讲在繁忙的日程中挤时间打电话是一种挑战，再结合段落标题“设定固定日期”可知，D项(尽力找到一个适合双方的时间并坚持)承接上文，且其中的findatime和sticktoit与段落小标题相呼应，符合语境。2．设空前讲你要和朋友沟通好交流的频率和方法，设空处下文列举了具体的交流方式。E项(朋友需要沟通更喜欢的交流方式)承上启下，其中的methodsofcommunication与上文相呼应，符合语境。3．根据本段小标题“练习共情”和空后内容可推知，本段主要讲留下来的朋友和去了新环境的朋友分别后如何共情。G项(你可能是那个离开的朋友或者是留下来的朋友)分别对应下文中的两类人，引出下文，符合语境。4．根据语境可知，本段主要讲