2024-2025学年下学期高中英语选修四第四单元B卷

第26页（共26页）选修四Unit4B卷一．完形填空（共1小题）1．（2022秋•鄂州期中）Alottery（彩票）winnerinKentuckywonasix﹣figurejackpot（头奖）.However，shewasn'ttheonlyonewho（1）—shecelebratedherwinby（2）giftcardsatalocalstore.CrystalDunnofLouisvillewonthegame's﹩146，351.74progressivejackpot."Isawthatanddidn'tbelieveit（3），"Dunntoldthelotteryboard."IneverthoughtIwouldwinsomethinglikethis，butthisgoestoshowitcan（4），"shecontinued.DunntraveledtotheheadquartersoftheKentuckyLotteryCorporationto（5）herjackpoton8July.Aftertaxes，she（6）acheckfor﹩103，909.73.Dunnsaidshe（7）tousethemoneytobuyacarandpayoffbills.Butshemadeit（8）thatshewouldspreadalittle（9）beforeshereturnedhomewithherwinnings.ShestoppedbyMeijer—asupercenterstorechaininKentucky—to（10）apartofherjackpot.Dunnpurchased﹩2，000ingiftcardsandhandedthemoutto（11）."Manywereexcited，butafewwere（12），thinkingIwaswantingsomething（13），"Dunnreportedlytoldthelotteryboard."Igota（n）（14）giftandIbelieveinpayingitforwardandIwanttopassitalong，"shecontinued."Actually，sharingiscaringandgivingismore（15）thanreceiving.I'veworkedhardforeverythingI'vehad.Thisisaprettyamazinggift."（1）A.triedB.benefitedC.workedD.learned（2）A.takingoutB.givingawayC.payingoffD.turningdown（3）A.finallyB.regularlyC.formallyD.actually（4）A.happenB.appearC.displayD.improve（5）A.checkB.collectC.raiseD.search（6）A.foundB.wroteC.receivedD.demanded（7）A.plannedB.requestedC.managedD.imagined（8）A.seriousB.easyC.possibleD.clear（9）A.energyB.happinessC.patienceD.information（10）A.shareB.leaveC.refuseD.divide（11）A.readersB.workersC.shoppersD.teachers（12）A.thankfulB.confidentC.delightedD.surprised（13）A.bychanceB.atonceC.onpurposeD.inreturn（14）A.simpleB.unexpectedC.commonD.impossible（15）A.practicalB.difficultC.rewardingD.available二．阅读理解（共2小题）2．（2022•杭州模拟）Shouldyousharegoalsorkeepthemprivate？You'llfindconflictinganswersifyouturntoGoogle.Somesaysharinggoalscannotliveuptoone'sexpectationsbecauseyou'llfeelrewardedbeforeactuallydoinganythingtoachievethem.TheArabshaveforcenturiesvoicedasimilarmessageintheproverb"themoreyousurroundyourcandle，themoreitremainslit".Morerecently，theideabecamewidespreadin2010withaTEDtalktitled"Keepyourgoalstoyourself"."Inmostcasesyougetmorebenefitfromsharingyourgoalthanifyoudon't﹣aslongasyoushareitwithsomeonewhoseopinionyouvalue，"HowardKleintoldOhioStateNews.Kleinandhiscolleaguesconductedseveralstudiesongoal﹣sharing.Inone，theresultsshowedthatworkingadultsfrequentlydosharegoalsandaremorelikelytobecommittedtoachievingthosegoalswhenthey'resharedwithpeoplewhoareperceivedtobeofhigherstatus.Asecondstudyinvolved171undergraduatestudentswhowereaskedtoplayagame.Afterthefirstround，thestudentswereaskedtoplaythegameagain，butthistimetheyhadtosetagoal.Theresearchersseparatedthestudentsintothreegroups.Foronegroup，thestudentshadtosharetheirgoalswithalabassistantwhowasdressedinasuitandintroducedhimselfasadoctoral﹣levelstudentinthebusinessschoolwhowasanexpertonthetopic.Foranothergroup，thelabassistantwasacasuallydressedmanwhoidentifiedhimselfasastudentatalocalcommunitycollege.Athirdgroupwasn'taskedtosharetheirgoalswithanyone.Theresultsshowedthatpeoplewhosharedtheirgoalswiththehigh﹣statuspersonnotonly﹣showedhighercommitmenttoachievingthegoal，butalsoperformedbetterinthegame.Meanwhile，thetwoothergroupsshowedsimilarcommitmentandperformance.Kleinsaid，"Youwanttobededicatedandunwillingtogiveuponyourgoal，whichismorelikelywhenyousharethatgoalwithsomeoneyoulookuptoand﹣whoseopinionyouvalueandwhichmightincentivizeyoutoachieveyourgoals."（1）WhatmessagedoestheArabproverbexpress？A．Settinggoalsmakesyoumoredetermined.B．Sharingyourgoalswithothersgetsbenefits.C．Keepingyourgoalssecretisthebestpolicy.D．Publishingyourgoalsmakesyourewarded.（2）WhatcanbeinferredfromKlein'stwostudies？A．Howstudentsconsiderthetwolabassistantsmattersmost.B．Adultsaremorelikelytoachievetheirgoalsthanstudents.C．Adultsaremorecommittedwhenspeakingouttheirgoals.D．Theexperimentonthethirdgroupturnedoutfruitless.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"incentivize"meaninthelastparagraph？A．Assist.B．Encourage.C．Intend.D．Advise.（4）AccordingtoKlein，howcanyoubefullydevotedtoyourgoal？A．Bydiscussingitwithyourfriends.B．Bysharingitwithrespectedpeople.C．Bymaintainingyourperformance.D．Byquestioningpeopleofhighstatus.3．Ecuadorisbeautifulinitslandscapes，peopleandculture.Thediversityoflifeinthehillsattheequatorissomethingyoumustexperiencetoappreciate.Theperfectweatherwasanicebonus，andmostdayssettleatacomfortablebutnottoohottemperature.Thecitiesareworthseeing，butsometimesnotquitesafefortouristslackingproperprecautions（预防措施）.Iwasluckilyneverrobbed，butitwasprevalentamongpeopleIraninto.Soprotectyourvaluables！Fromthecity，LaHesperiaisaboutathree﹣hourbusrideacrosstheamazingAndeancountrysideandaone﹣hourhikeupfromtheroad.Itisfarfromcivilization，butthereceptionisstillnottoobad.Thereserveisaltogetheraprotectedarea，amostlyself﹣sustainingfarm，alocalschool，andagreatlearningexperienceforinternationalconservationistslikeyouorme.Thevolunteerhousewasverycomfortableandopen，withviewsofpurenaturethatIstillmiss.Afterahardworkingdayandacoldshower，Iwouldalwaysbeoverwhelmedbythesoundsoftheforestatnight.Duringtheday，mytasksoverthecourseofamonthrangedfromtreeplantingtotrailmaintenance（维护）andbasicfarmworkincludingplanting/harvestingcrops，weeding，andworkingwithanimals.Regardlessofthejob，amachete（大刀）wastheonlytoolIneeded！Atonepoint，Ihadtotakethedailymilkdownthemountainwiththemoststubborndonkeyever.Ofcourse，there'splentyoftimeforfunandmeetingpeople.Thereserveitselfisfullofthingstodo.Still，weekendsarebetterspentexploringmoreofthecountry，which，tome，isquitedifferentfrommyhomeland.Youcangetrecommendationsfromothervolunteersandlocals.AllaregreatexperiencesIstilltellstoriesabout.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"prevalent"inParagraph1mean？A．Verytraditional.B．Verycommon.C．Verypractical.D．Verystrange.（2）WhatcanwelearnaboutLaHesperia？A．It'smodernized.B．It'snearthecity.C．It'sanaturalreserve.D．It'sverycoldatnight.（3）Whatistheauthor'sdaytimeworklike？A．Singleandboring.B．Simpleandrelaxing.C．Variedandchallenging.D．Dangerousandcomplicated.（4）Whatdidtheauthormostprobablyprefertodoonweekends？A．Gosightseeing.B．Stayinthehouse.C．Tellstoriestolocals.D．Gobacktohomeland.三．信息匹配（共1小题）4．Howdoyoupicktherightvolunteerexperienceforyou？Askyourselfthefollowingquestionstodeterminewhichexperiencebestfitsyourgoals.Whatcauseisimportanttoyou？Identifyyourgreatestpassions（酷爱）.Whatisaproblemyouwanttosolve？Whoarepeopleyouwanttoconnectwith？（1）.Ifyoudon'thaveanswerstothosequestions，don'tworry.That'swhereyoujusthavetotryandlearnmoreaboutthecause，andseeifitattractsyou.（2）？Thenonprofitsectorgrowsquickly.Understandingtheorganizationalstructureisimportantforapositivevolunteerexperience.Wouldyouliketoworkinalargerorganizationthatmighthavemoreresourcesbutismorerigid（严格的）？Orasmallerorganizationthathaslessfinancialsupportbutmanyopportunitiestoserve？Youalsoneedtoconsidertheleadershipstructure.Aretheyfriendly，open，willingtogiveyouopportunities？Doyouseeyourselfenjoyingyourdayworkingwiththem？Ifyouansweryes，thenmostlikelyyouwillhaveapositiverelationship.Theywillwanttoseeyougrowanddevelop，andyouwillwanttohelpthem.（3）.Howmuchtimecanyouput？（4）.Often，volunteerscommentthattheybenefitfromgivingalotoftheirtimeandbecomingapartofthe"nonprofitfamily".However，youmayonlyhavetimetohelponweekendseverynowandthen.That'sgreat，too.（5）.You'vegotahearttogive.Now，takethetimetothinkabouthowyouwanttovolunteer.Bybeingthoughtful，you'lluseyourtimewellandgetthemostoutofyourexperience.A.WhatistheorganizationlikeB.It'sa"win﹣win"foreveryoneC.It'sjustadifferentkindofexperienceD.Sometimesyouknow，andsometimesyoudon'tE.WhatcompaniesarethereinyourneighborhoodF.Trytomeetwiththeleadertomakesureit'sagoodfitG.Berealisticabouttheamountoftimeyoucanspendvolunteering四．选词填空（共1小题）5．theotherday，achorusof，adaptto，tobehonest，makeadifference，nottomention，comeacross，participatein（1），ittookmemorethanamonthtoadjusttothedifferentculture.（2）IranacrossoneofmyoldfriendswhenIwaswalkinginthestreet.（3）WhodoyouknowIhappenedtoduringmystayinSpain？（4）Shedidn'tthediscussion.（5）Bystayingconnected，wecanallnomatterwhereweareintheworld.（6）TakingsomeonlinecoursesofspokenChinesecanbehelpfulforyoutotheChineselanguageenvironment.（7）Hehasabighouseandanexpensivecar，avilla（别墅）inFrance.（8）Tohissurprise，hisproposalwasgreetedwithlaughter.五．语法填空（共1小题）6．（2021•越秀区校级开学）Bikesharingisgrowinginpopularityasameansofpublictransportation.Itseemslikeaperfectsolution（1）China'sheavytraffic.（2）somelocalauthorities（权威人士）saythebikeshavebecomeanuisanceandoneShanghaidistricthasconfiscated（没收）almost5，000bikes.Theunregulatedparkinghascausedcontinuousproblemsand（3）（complain）.Trafficpolicehadconfiscatedthebikesbecausetheyhadbeen（4）（legal）parked.Shanghaiistheworld'slargestbikesharecitywith280，000sharedbikescitywide.Thatnumberisexpected（5）（jump）to500，000bythisJune，accordingtoGuoJianrong，secretaryGeneralofShanghaiBicycleAssociation.Untiltheturnofthecentury，bikeswerethemainformoftransportinChinesecities.Butinrecentyears，asChinesehavegrown（6）（rich）thanbefore，bicycles（7）（replace）byprivatecars，motorbikesandotherpublictransport.Bikesharingishardlynew，butwhatmakesuniqueinChinais（8）it'susuallystationfree﹣whichmeansthatuserscanleavethebikesanywheretheywant.It'salsocheap.Shanghaiisnottheonlycity（9）bikesharinghashadteething（萌芽的）problems.Morethan500bikes（10）（rent）outbybikesharingfirmswerepiledupinthesoutherncityofShenzheninJanuary.六．单词拼写（共5小题）7．Havingenoughdatahand，wecansetaboutfiguringoutyourincometax.8．Idon'tdoubtmyfatherwillcometowatchmyperformance，butIdoubthecancomeontime.9．Apartfrompeppersandeggplants，manyothervegetablesgwell.10．Taketwotwithwaterbeforemeals.11．Thegovernment，heclaimed，wasditsfeet.七．书面表达（共2小题）12．（2021秋•爱民区校级月考）假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国新近出现的共享单车很感兴趣，并请你做个简要介绍。请你给Jim回信，内容包括：1.这种单车的使用方法（如：APP查看车辆、扫码开锁等）；2.这种单车的优势；3.你对这种单车的看法。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。提示词：共享单车sharingbike，扫描二维码scantheQRcode注意：1.词数100左右；2.信的开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数。DearJim，Howareyoudoing？_____________IhopetoridewithyouinChina.Yourssincerely，LiHua13．（2022春•萧县校级月考）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整故事。续写的词数应为150左右。Igotoworkbybusalmosteveryday，althoughIhavemyowncar，becauseitischeaperandIlikethefeelingofbeingwithothers.I'mthekindofpersonwholikestowatchpeople.Iliveinasmalltown，soIseemanyofthesamepeoplegettingonthebuswithmeeveryday，ontheirwaytoandfromwork.Formanymonths，Inoticedanelderlymangetonatoneofthestopsandalwaysheadtothebackofthebus.Heworethesameclotheseveryday.Theclotheswerewell﹣worn，butclean.Icouldtellheledasimplelife.Ihadneverspokentothisgentleman，butheusuallygavemeasmilewhenhepassedby.Oneday，itwassnowingsoIdrovetowork，forIdidn'twanttobelate.Inoticedthegentlemanstandingonastreetcorner.Heheldasigninhishandaskingformoney.IwenthomethatdayandwrotehimanotesayingIwasgratefulforwhatIhadinmylifeandthatIwantedtosharesomeofitwithhim.InthenoteIwrote：Hi，IamLarissa.MaybeIseemlikeastrangertoyou，butIamonthesamebusasyoualmosteveryday.Isawyoutheotherdayonthestreet，andIhopethismoneycanhelpyou.Iwishyouapleasantweek.Iputasmallamountofmoneyinanenvelope.__________Thenoteread："HiLarissa.____________

选修四Unit4B卷参考答案与试题解析一．完形填空（共1小题）1．（2022秋•鄂州期中）Alottery（彩票）winnerinKentuckywonasix﹣figurejackpot（头奖）.However，shewasn'ttheonlyonewho（1）B—shecelebratedherwinby（2）Bgiftcardsatalocalstore.CrystalDunnofLouisvillewonthegame's﹩146，351.74progressivejackpot."Isawthatanddidn'tbelieveit（3）D，"Dunntoldthelotteryboard."IneverthoughtIwouldwinsomethinglikethis，butthisgoestoshowitcan（4）A，"shecontinued.DunntraveledtotheheadquartersoftheKentuckyLotteryCorporationto（5）Bherjackpoton8July.Aftertaxes，she（6）Cacheckfor﹩103，909.73.Dunnsaidshe（7）Atousethemoneytobuyacarandpayoffbills.Butshemadeit（8）Dthatshewouldspreadalittle（9）Bbeforeshereturnedhomewithherwinnings.ShestoppedbyMeijer—asupercenterstorechaininKentucky—to（10）Aapartofherjackpot.Dunnpurchased﹩2，000ingiftcardsandhandedthemoutto（11）C."Manywereexcited，butafewwere（12）D，thinkingIwaswantingsomething（13）D，"Dunnreportedlytoldthelotteryboard."Igota（n）（14）BgiftandIbelieveinpayingitforwardandIwanttopassitalong，"shecontinued."Actually，sharingiscaringandgivingismore（15）Cthanreceiving.I'veworkedhardforeverythingI'vehad.Thisisaprettyamazinggift."（1）A.triedB.benefitedC.workedD.learned（2）A.takingoutB.givingawayC.payingoffD.turningdown（3）A.finallyB.regularlyC.formallyD.actually（4）A.happenB.appearC.displayD.improve（5）A.checkB.collectC.raiseD.search（6）A.foundB.wroteC.receivedD.demanded（7）A.plannedB.requestedC.managedD.imagined（8）A.seriousB.easyC.possibleD.clear（9）A.energyB.happinessC.patienceD.information（10）A.shareB.leaveC.refuseD.divide（11）A.readersB.workersC.shoppersD.teachers（12）A.thankfulB.confidentC.delightedD.surprised（13）A.bychanceB.atonceC.onpurposeD.inreturn（14）A.simpleB.unexpectedC.commonD.impossible（15）A.practicalB.difficultC.rewardingD.available【答案】（1）﹣（5）BBDAB（6）﹣（10）CADBA（11）﹣（15）CDDBC【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国肯塔基州的一位女士中了大奖后，没有独自享受，而是选择与其他人分享的故事。【解答】（1）考查动词及语境理解。A.tried尝试；B.benefited受益；C.worked工作；D.learned学习。句意：然而，她并不是唯一一个受益的人——她在当地一家商店赠送礼品卡来庆祝自己的胜利。根据上句"Alottery（彩票）winnerinKentuckywonasix﹣figurejackpot（头奖）"（一个肯塔基州的彩票中奖者赢得了六位数的头奖）可知，她从彩票中受益，故选B项。（2）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.takingout拿出；B.givingaway赠送；C.payingoff付清；D.turningdown拒绝。句意：然而，她并不是唯一一个受益的人——她在当地一家商店赠送礼品卡来庆祝自己的胜利。根据后文"Dunnpurchased﹩2，000ingiftcardsandhandedthemoutto（10）"（邓恩购买了价值2000美元的礼品卡，并将其分发给__）可知，她是赠送礼品卡给其他人，故选B项。（3）考查副词及语境理解。A.finally最终；B.regularly定期地；C.formally正式地；D.actually实际上。句意："我看到了，但实际上并不相信，"邓恩告诉彩票委员会。根据后句"IneverthoughtIwouldwinsomethinglikethis"（我从没想过我会赢得这样的比赛）可知，事实上，我是不太相信的，故选D项。（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.happen发生；B.appear出现；C.display展示；D.improve提升。句意："我从没想过我会赢得这样的比赛，但这表明这可能会发生。"她继续说道。根据第二段首句"CrystalDunnofLouisvillewonthegame's﹩146，351.74progressivejackpot."（路易斯维尔的克里斯托•邓恩赢得了该游戏146351.74美元的累积头奖）可知，她确实中奖了，这确实是可能发生的，故选A项。（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.check检查；B.collect收集，领取；C.raise筹集，养育；D.search搜寻。句意：7月8日，邓恩前往肯塔基州彩票公司总部领取头奖。根据后句"Aftertaxes，she（6）acheckfor﹩103，909.73."（税后，她__了一张103909.73美元的支票）可知，她去领奖了，故选B项。（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.found发现；B.wrote写；C.received收到；D.demanded要求。句意：税后，她收到了一张103909.73美元的支票。根据后句"Dunnsaidshe（7）tousethemoneytobuyacarandpayoffbills."（邓恩说，她__用这笔钱买车并付清账单）可知，她收到了钱，故选C项。（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.planned计划；B.requested要求；C.managed设法做；D.imagined想象。句意：邓恩说，她打算用这笔钱买车并付清账单。用这笔钱买车并付清账单是她的打算，故选A项。（8）考查形容词及语境理解。A.serious严肃的；B.easy容易的；C.possible可能的；D.clear清楚的。句意：但她明确表示，在带着奖金回家之前，她会传播一点快乐。根据makeitclearthat意为"明确表示，表明"，拿到钱后，她明确表示自己的打算，最贴合语境，故选D项。（9）考查名词及语境理解。A.energy能量；B.happiness开心，幸福；C.patience耐心；D.information信息。句意：但她明确表示，在带着奖金回家之前，她会传播一点快乐。根据前文shecelebratedherwinby（2）giftcardsatalocalstore.可知，她通过赠送礼品卡来庆祝自己的中奖，这是一件令人开心的事情，也与其他人分享，故选B项。（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.share分享；B.leave离开；C.refuse拒绝；D.divide划分。句意：她路过肯塔基州的超级中心连锁店Meijer，分享了她的部分头奖。根据上句Butshemadeit（8）thatshewouldspreadalittle（9）beforeshereturnedhomewithherwinnings.可知，她要赠送礼品卡来传递快乐，与他人分享自己的奖，故选A项。（11）考查名词及语境理解。A.readers读者；B.workers工人；C.shoppers购物者；D.teachers老师。根据空前Dunnpurchased﹩2，000ingiftcardsandhandedthemout可知邓恩购买了价值2000美元的礼品卡，并将其分发给购物者。故选C项。（12）考查形容词及语境理解。A.thankful感恩的；B.confident自信的；C.delighted开心的；D.surprised感到惊讶的。句意：据报道，邓恩告诉彩票委员会："很多人都很兴奋，但也有一些人很惊讶，认为我想要一些回报。"收到来自陌生人的礼品，购物者感到惊讶，合乎情理，故选D项。（13）考查介词短语及语境理解。A.bychance意外；B.atonce立刻；C.onpurpose故意地；D.inreturn作为回报。句意：据报道，邓恩告诉彩票委员会："很多人都很兴奋，但也有一些人很惊讶，认为我想要一些回报。"根据关键词Iwaswantingsomething可知，他们以为我送他们礼品卡是因为我想要一些东西作为回报，故选D项。（14）考查形容词及语境理解。A.simple简单的；B.unexpected意料之外的；C.common普遍的；D.impossible不可能的。句意：她继续说道："我收到了一份意想不到的礼物，我相信一定要把它交出去，我想把它传下去。"根据前文"IneverthoughtIwouldwinsomethinglikethis"（我从没想过我会赢得这样的比赛）可知，这是意料之外的礼物，故选B项。（15）考查形容词及语境理解。A.practical实际的；B.difficult困难的；C.rewarding值得做的；报酬高的；D.available可利用的。句意：事实上，分享就是关怀，给予比接受更有回报。根据前文"Manywereexcited，butafewwere（12），thinkingIwaswantingsomething（13），"Dunnreportedlytoldthelotteryboard."可知，别人以为我想获得一些东西作为回报，而我认为分享和给予就是一件值得做的事情，给予比接受更有回报，故选C项。【点评】完形填空题的解题步骤：1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。二．阅读理解（共2小题）2．（2022•杭州模拟）Shouldyousharegoalsorkeepthemprivate？You'llfindconflictinganswersifyouturntoGoogle.Somesaysharinggoalscannotliveuptoone'sexpectationsbecauseyou'llfeelrewardedbeforeactuallydoinganythingtoachievethem.TheArabshaveforcenturiesvoicedasimilarmessageintheproverb"themoreyousurroundyourcandle，themoreitremainslit".Morerecently，theideabecamewidespreadin2010withaTEDtalktitled"Keepyourgoalstoyourself"."Inmostcasesyougetmorebenefitfromsharingyourgoalthanifyoudon't﹣aslongasyoushareitwithsomeonewhoseopinionyouvalue，"HowardKleintoldOhioStateNews.Kleinandhiscolleaguesconductedseveralstudiesongoal﹣sharing.Inone，theresultsshowedthatworkingadultsfrequentlydosharegoalsandaremorelikelytobecommittedtoachievingthosegoalswhenthey'resharedwithpeoplewhoareperceivedtobeofhigherstatus.Asecondstudyinvolved171undergraduatestudentswhowereaskedtoplayagame.Afterthefirstround，thestudentswereaskedtoplaythegameagain，butthistimetheyhadtosetagoal.Theresearchersseparatedthestudentsintothreegroups.Foronegroup，thestudentshadtosharetheirgoalswithalabassistantwhowasdressedinasuitandintroducedhimselfasadoctoral﹣levelstudentinthebusinessschoolwhowasanexpertonthetopic.Foranothergroup，thelabassistantwasacasuallydressedmanwhoidentifiedhimselfasastudentatalocalcommunitycollege.Athirdgroupwasn'taskedtosharetheirgoalswithanyone.Theresultsshowedthatpeoplewhosharedtheirgoalswiththehigh﹣statuspersonnotonly﹣showedhighercommitmenttoachievingthegoal，butalsoperformedbetterinthegame.Meanwhile，thetwoothergroupsshowedsimilarcommitmentandperformance.Kleinsaid，"Youwanttobededicatedandunwillingtogiveuponyourgoal，whichismorelikelywhenyousharethatgoalwithsomeoneyoulookuptoand﹣whoseopinionyouvalueandwhichmightincentivizeyoutoachieveyourgoals."（1）WhatmessagedoestheArabproverbexpress？CA．Settinggoalsmakesyoumoredetermined.B．Sharingyourgoalswithothersgetsbenefits.C．Keepingyourgoalssecretisthebestpolicy.D．Publishingyourgoalsmakesyourewarded.（2）WhatcanbeinferredfromKlein'stwostudies？CA．Howstudentsconsiderthetwolabassistantsmattersmost.B．Adultsaremorelikelytoachievetheirgoalsthanstudents.C．Adultsaremorecommittedwhenspeakingouttheirgoals.D．Theexperimentonthethirdgroupturnedoutfruitless.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"incentivize"meaninthelastparagraph？BA．Assist.B．Encourage.C．Intend.D．Advise.（4）AccordingtoKlein，howcanyoubefullydevotedtoyourgoal？BA．Bydiscussingitwithyourfriends.B．Bysharingitwithrespectedpeople.C．Bymaintainingyourperformance.D．Byquestioningpeopleofhighstatus.【答案】CCBB【分析】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了我们可以分享目标，但仅限于某些人。【解答】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段TheArabshaveforcenturiesvoicedasimilarmessageintheproverb"themoreyousurroundyourcandle，themoreitremainslit".Morerecently，theideabecamewidespreadin2010withaTEDtalktitled"Keepyourgoalstoyourself"（几个世纪以来，阿拉伯人在谚语中表达了类似的信息："你包围的蜡烛越多，它就越亮"。最近，这个想法在2010年的TED演讲中得到了广泛传播，主题是"把你的目标留给自己"。）可知，阿拉伯的谚语表明对目标保密是最好的策略。故选C。（2）推理判断题。根据第二段Inone，theresultsshowedthatworkingadultsfrequentlydosharegoalsandaremorelikelytobecommittedtoachievingthosegoalswhenthey'resharedwithpeoplewhoareperceivedtobeofhigherstatus.（其中一项研究结果表明，职场成年人经常有共同的目标，当他们与被认为地位较高的人分享时，他们更有可能致力于实现这些目标。）和第四段的Theresultsshowedthatpeoplewhosharedtheirgoalswiththehigh﹣statuspersonnotonly﹣showedhighercommitmenttoachievingthegoal，butalsoperformedbetterinthegame.（结果表明，与高地位人士分享目标的人不仅对实现目标表现出更高的承诺，而且在游戏中表现更好。）可知，说出目标成年人更投入。故选C。（3）词义猜测题。根据最后一段Youwanttobededicatedandunwillingtogiveuponyourgoal，whichismorelikelywhenyousharethatgoalwithsomeoneyoulookuptoand﹣whoseopinionyouvalueandwhichmightincentivizeyoutoachieveyourgoals.（你想专心致志，不愿意放弃你的目标，当你与你尊敬的人分享目标时，这种情况更可能发生﹣﹣﹣你重视他的意见，这可能会激励你实现目标。）可知，"incentivize"意为"激励，鼓励"。A.Assist帮助；B.Encourage鼓励；C.Intend意图；D.Advise建议。故选B。（4）细节理解题。根据最后一段Youwanttobededicatedandunwillingtogiveuponyourgoal，whichismorelikelywhenyousharethatgoalwithsomeoneyoulookuptoand﹣whoseopinionyouvalueandwhichmightincentivizeyoutoachieveyourgoals.（你想专心致志，不愿意放弃你的目标，当你与你尊敬的人分享目标时，这种情况更可能发生﹣﹣﹣你重视他的意见，这可能会激励你实现目标。）可知，和尊敬的人分享你的目标更容易充分投入。故选B。【点评】阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。3．Ecuadorisbeautifulinitslandscapes，peopleandculture.Thediversityoflifeinthehillsattheequatorissomethingyoumustexperiencetoappreciate.Theperfectweatherwasanicebonus，andmostdayssettleatacomfortablebutnottoohottemperature.Thecitiesareworthseeing，butsometimesnotquitesafefortouristslackingproperprecautions（预防措施）.Iwasluckilyneverrobbed，butitwasprevalentamongpeopleIraninto.Soprotectyourvaluables！Fromthecity，LaHesperiaisaboutathree﹣hourbusrideacrosstheamazingAndeancountrysideandaone﹣hourhikeupfromtheroad.Itisfarfromcivilization，butthereceptionisstillnottoobad.Thereserveisaltogetheraprotectedarea，amostlyself﹣sustainingfarm，alocalschool，andagreatlearningexperienceforinternationalconservationistslikeyouorme.Thevolunteerhousewasverycomfortableandopen，withviewsofpurenaturethatIstillmiss.Afterahardworkingdayandacoldshower，Iwouldalwaysbeoverwhelmedbythesoundsoftheforestatnight.Duringtheday，mytasksoverthecourseofamonthrangedfromtreeplantingtotrailmaintenance（维护）andbasicfarmworkincludingplanting/harvestingcrops，weeding，andworkingwithanimals.Regardlessofthejob，amachete（大刀）wastheonlytoolIneeded！Atonepoint，Ihadtotakethedailymilkdownthemountainwiththemoststubborndonkeyever.Ofcourse，there'splentyoftimeforfunandmeetingpeople.Thereserveitselfisfullofthingstodo.Still，weekendsarebetterspentexploringmoreofthecountry，which，tome，isquitedifferentfrommyhomeland.Youcangetrecommendationsfromothervolunteersandlocals.AllaregreatexperiencesIstilltellstoriesabout.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"prevalent"inParagraph1mean？BA．Verytraditional.B．Verycommon.C．Verypractical.D．Verystrange.（2）WhatcanwelearnaboutLaHesperia？CA．It'smodernized.B．It'snearthecity.C．It'sanaturalreserve.D．It'sverycoldatnight.（3）Whatistheauthor'sdaytimeworklike？CA．Singleandboring.B．Simpleandrelaxing.C．Variedandchallenging.D．Dangerousandcomplicated.（4）Whatdidtheauthormostprobablyprefertodoonweekends？AA．Gosightseeing.B．Stayinthehouse.C．Tellstoriestolocals.D．Gobacktohomeland.【答案】BCCA【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在厄瓜多尔的一处自然保护区做志愿者的经历。【解答】（1）B.词义猜测题。根据前文的Iwasluckilyneverrobbed，（我从来没有被抢劫过，）以及转折连词"but"可知，"我"遇到的人中，遭遇过抢劫的是很普遍的。A.Verytraditional.非常传统的；B.Verycommon.非常普遍的；C.Verypractical.非常实际的；D.Verystrange.非常奇怪的。故选B。（2）C.推理判断题。根据第二段Thereserveisaltogetheraprotectedarea，amostlyself﹣sustainingfarm，alocalschool，andagreatlearningexperienceforinternationalconservationistslikeyouorme.（该保护区完全是一个保护区，一个基本自给自足的农场，一所当地的学校，对于像你我这样的国际自然资源保护主义者来说，是一个很好的学习经验。）及关键词"viewsofpurenature纯净的大自然"可知，这个地方应该是个自然保护区。故选C。（3）C.推理判断题。根据原文第三段中的关键词treeplanting（植树），trailmaintenance（维护）（道路维护），basicfarmwork（基本的农场工作），takethedailymilkdownthemountain（把每天的牛奶带下山）可知任务繁多，根据amachete（大刀）wastheonlytoolIneeded（一把大砍刀是我唯一需要的工具）和"withthemoststubborndonkeyever（和一头最顽固的驴）可知，这些任务具有挑战性。故选C。（4）A.推理判断题。根据原文最后一段Still，weekendsarebetterspentexploringmoreofthecountry，which，tome，isquitedifferentfrommyhomeland.（不过，周末最好还是多去探索一下这个国家，对我来说，这里和我的祖国很不一样。）可知，作者周末更愿意游览一下厄瓜多尔。故选A。【点评】做这类阅读理解，要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。三．信息匹配（共1小题）4．Howdoyoupicktherightvolunteerexperienceforyou？Askyourselfthefollowingquestionstodeterminewhichexperiencebestfitsyourgoals.Whatcauseisimportanttoyou？Identifyyourgreatestpassions（酷爱）.Whatisaproblemyouwanttosolve？Whoarepeopleyouwanttoconnectwith？（1）D.Ifyoudon'thaveanswerstothosequestions，don'tworry.That'swhereyoujusthavetotryandlearnmoreaboutthecause，andseeifitattractsyou.（2）A？Thenonprofitsectorgrowsquickly.Understanding