高考英语大二轮复习课件专题一阅读理解5说理议论

题组5

说理议论专题一阅读理解第三节题组训练A(2017·四川宜宾二次诊断)Famouspeoplehavealotofinfluencesonculturaltrends，likeitornot.WhenOprahgoesona21-dayvegandiet，itmakesheadlines.WhenAmalClooneywearsaStellaMcCartneydress，salesgowayup.However，onetrendthatseemsharmless—butisactuallyharmful—isthepressureonstarstohavetheirphotostakenwithrareanimals.Famouspeoplewhoareaskedtohavephotostakenwithwildanimalsforamagazinespreadorwhodosowhileonvacationalwayshavegoodintentionsandevenloveanimals.Thismakesthemeasytargetsfortheoftengreedyamusementparksandfakeanimalcenters.Thesebusinesspeoplelovethethoughtofsharingpicturesofastarhuggingababytigerorawhale.Kindpeoplearenaturallydrawntoplacesthatclaimtoofferrareanimalssafetyandareeagertoseeelephantspaint，tohugbabybearsortoswimwithdolphins.However，beingfrequentlyexposedhasshownthatmanyofthesebusinesspeoplearebreeders(饲养动物者)，dealersorexhibitorsthatareusingstars’goodwillfortheirownends.InsomeAsiancountries，elephantsarekeptincamps.Afewcampsareworkingtohelpelephantsintrouble，butthevastmajorityarenot，andtrainingmethodsarebarbaric.AssoonasthecamerasaregoneaftersomeonelikePrinceWilliamtakesaphotowithanelephant，thechainsgobackon.Fanstellthestars：Stayawayfromwildanimalphotos，andtheanimalswillbegrateful.Ofcourse，youdon’thavetobefamoustomakeadifference.Whetherrighthereathomeoratanexoticlocaleabroad，everyoneofusmustfightthedesiretotakeaphotowithanelephantorhugababytiger.语篇解读语篇解读本文为议论文。为了表达对动物的热爱，一些名人常与动物一起拍照。这种现象已经成为一种文化潮流，但作者认为在大部分情况下，这种方式有百害而无一利。1.WhyareOprahandAmalClooneymentionedinParagraph1?A.Tointroducethetopicofthepassage.B.Topromotetheculturalinfluenceonstars.C.Toremindpeoplehowimportantthetrendis.D.Toshowfamouspeople’spressurefromwildanimals.解析推理判断题。第一段的最后一句作者点出本文的主题，由此可见作者首先提及Oprah及AmalClooney旨在引出主题，故答案为A项。√答案解析23142.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thebusinesspeopleofferchancestostarstogetclosetoanimals.B.Famousstarsusephotoswithrareanimalstomakeadifference.C.Businessmentakeadvantageofstars’goodwilltoearnmoney.D.Thekindandrichpeopleareeasilyattractedtovisitwildanimals.解析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的“...manyofthesebusinesspeoplearebreeders，dealersorexhibitorsthatareusingstars’goodwillfortheirownends.”可知答案为C项(商人利用明星们的善意来赚钱)。其他三项在文中均未被提及，故全部排除。√答案解析23143.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“barbaric”inParagraph3mean?A.Effective. B.Cruel.C.Scientific. D.Kind.解析词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“...butthevastmajorityarenot...”和其后一句“AssoonasthecamerasaregoneaftersomeonelikePrinceWilliamtakesaphotowithanelephant，thechainsgobackon.”可推知：训练动物的方法是残忍的(cruel)，故答案为B项。√答案解析23144.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thenumberofelephantsandtigersisincreasing.B.Keepingawayfromanimalpicturescanprotectthem.C.Peoplewillbeencouragedtotakephotoswithanimals.D.Thefamousmayhaveanegativeinfluenceonculturaltrends.解析主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句可推知本题答案为D项(名人对文化潮流可能会造成负面影响)。√答案解析2314B(2017·江西九江十校联考)Asgraduationdrawsnear，thosewhohaven’tlandedajobyetmaybedesperatetofindone.Perhapssomeofthejobofferstheyhavereceivedarebelowtheirskillandexperiencelevels.Isitbettertotaketheseoffers，orrejectthemandremainunemployed?Recently，DavidPedulla，aUniversityofTexassociologist，conductedastudyabouthowtakingajobbelowyourskilllevelcouldaffectyourfutureemployment.Inthestudy，Pedulladevelopedresumesforimaginaryjobapplicants.Thejobseekershecreatedhadafewthingsincommon.Theyhadacollegedegree，workednearlytwoyearsattheirfirstjob，andabout4.5yearsattheirsecondjob.Whatdifferedwastheirthirdjobinthemostrecentyear.Theyeitherhadafull-timejobthatmatchedtheirskills，apart-timejobbelowtheirskilllevels，orwereunemployed.ThenPedullasubmitted2,420resumesbasedonhisimaginaryjobseekers，alongwithcoverletters，toonlineadsfor1,210realjobs.Eachapplicanthadarealphonenumberthatemployerscouldcontactiftheywereinterestedintalkingwiththeapplicantfurther.Thecallbackratesvariedwidelybasedonhowtheimaginaryjobseekershadspenttheirlastyear.Theapplicantswhohadfull-timejobsthepreviousyearwerecalledback10.4percentofthetime.Thosewhosemostrecentyearofemploymentwasinajobbelowtheirskilllevelswereonlycalledbackabout5percent.Maleapplicantsunemployedforayearwerecalledback4.2percentofthetime，whilethefigureis7.5percentforunemployedfemales.However，Pedullacautionedthattheexperimentonlymeasuredtheinitialinterestofemployersinhisfictionaljobcandidates，notwhethertheemployerswouldhirethemorwhattheywouldbepaidbasedontheirmostrecentjobexperiences.语篇解读工作与自身水平相称有多重要？你对于自己的第一份工作有何打算？仓促上岗使不得，每份工作都会影响你未来发展的轨迹。语篇解读5.Thepurposeofthefirstparagraphis

.A.toleadinthetopicB.topresentanargumentC.toshockthereadersD.todescribethepresentsituationinjobseeking解析推理判断题。通读全文可知这篇文章主要介绍了美国一位社会学家做的一份“接受低于自身技能水平的工作，可能会影响未来就业前途”的调查。根据第一段的内容可知其目的主要是引出话题。√答案解析67586.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaboutPedulla’sexperiment?A.Theapplicantshadsomethingsincommonattheirfirsttwojobs.B.Theapplicants’resumesandphonenumbersarecreatedbyPedulla.C.Theapplicants’mostrecentjobexperiencesaffectedthecallbackrates.D.Unemployedfemaleapplicantsgotahighercallbackratethanmales.解析细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Eachapplicanthadarealphonenumberthatemployerscouldcontact...”可知B项不符合原文；根据第三段的第二、三两句可排除A；根据倒数第二段的第一句可排除C；根据倒数第二段的最后一句可排除D。√答案解析67587.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Theapplicantswithahighcallbackratewouldsurelybehired.B.Theapplicants’mostrecentjobexperienceswoulddecidetheirsalaries.C.Therearesomelimitsaboutwhatlessonscanbetakenfromthestudy.D.Itisbettertotakeajobofferbelowone’sskilllevelthantorejectit.解析

推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容,尤其是

“However”“cautioned”“onlymeasured”等词语可推断出从这个研究中学到的东西有局限性。√答案解析67588.Inwhichsectionmaythetextappearinanewspaper?A.Career. B.Science.C.Culture. D.Education.解析文章出处题。文章主要介绍了美国得克萨斯大学的一位社会学家做的一份“接受低于自身技能水平的工作，会如何影响未来就业前途”的调查。故最有可能在职场版面见到这篇文章。

√答案解析6758C(2017·第二次全国大联考)Therearemanyusefulthingswecandoeachdaytofeelbetter.Itmaytakesomeeffortsandtimetomakeahabitofdrinking8glassesofwaterdailyorthinkingmorepositively，butitiswellworthit.Whatthingsdoyoudoeverydaytofeelbetter?Probablythehealthiestthingyoucandotofeelbettereachdayistoexerciseearlyinthemorning.Youdon’thavetorunthewholemorningorspendafewhoursinthegym.Evendoingsomeeasyexerciselikewalking，sit-upsorjumpingtheropewillhelpyoufeelbetterinnotime!Again，duetoourbusyschedules，wedon’tgetenoughsleepeachnight.Ifyouhavetroublefallingasleep，avoidwatchingTVorsurfingtheInternetrightbeforebed.Also，trytomakehealthybedtimesnackchoicesanddon’tdrinkteaorcoffeetoolateintheday.Ifyoudrink3glassesofwater,4glassesofcoffeeorteaandaglassofsodaeachdayandthinkthatyoudrinkenoughwater，thinkagain.Yourbodyneedswater(notcoffeeorsoda！)tofunctionproperly.Aimingtodrink7－8glassesofwatereachdaycanmakeyoufeelbetter.Beingpositiveisthekeytoalongerlife.Positivethoughtscanhelpimproveyouroverallhealth.Lifeisfullofstressfulsituationsandit’shardtostaycheerfulwheneverythinggoeswrong，butyourpositiveattitudecanhelpyousolveanyproblemandfightanystressfasterandeasier.Yourpositiveattitudeisespeciallygoodforyourhearthealth.Smile，staypositiveandlivealongerlife!语篇解读本文介绍了为获得身心健康和长寿，人们应该做的事情和应该有的处世态度。语篇解读9.Intheauthor’sopinion，whichcanbenefitusmostinorderthatwefeelbetter?A.Sleepingenough.B.Drinkingenoughwater.C.Thinkingmorepositively.D.Takingmorningexercises.解析细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知。√答案解析101191210.WhichofthefollowingagreeswithwhatissaidinParagraph3?A.Drinkingteaorcoffeemakesussleepless.B.Drinkingteabeforebedmakesithardertofallasleep.C.WatchingTVorsurfingtheInternetleadstolesssleep.D.Ourbusyschedulescausemoredifficultyinfallingasleep.解析推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“Ifyouhavetroublefallingasleep，avoidwatchingTVorsurfingtheInternetrightbeforebed.Also，trytomakehealthybedtimesnackchoicesanddon’tdrinkteaorcoffeetoolateintheday.”可知选B。√答案解析101191211.Whyiswaternecessarytoourbody?A.Becauseitcanmakeusfeelbetter.B.Becauseitcanhaveourbodyworksmoothly.C.Becauseitcandomoregoodtoourbodythancoffee.D.Becauseitcanhelpavoidfeelingthirsty.解析细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Yourbodyneedswater(notcoffeeorsoda！)tofunctionproperly.”可知选B。√答案解析101191212.Whatdoweneedmostwheneverythinggoeswrong?A.Thinkingpositively.B.Thinkingoutwiseways.C.Havingarightattitude.D.Stayingcheerful.解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“it’shardtostaycheerfulwheneverythinggoeswrong，butyourpositiveattitudecanhelpyousolveanyproblemandfightanystressfasterandeasier”可知选A。√答案解析1011912D(2017·山东淄博二模)EversinceDonaldTrumpwaselectedthepresidentoftheUS，theentireTrumpfamilyhasbeenputunderamicroscope.InChina，thespotlighthasbeenmainlyfocusedonTrumpandhisdaughterIvanka.SheisdescribedonWeChatasanextremelyinfluentialrolemodelwithstrikingbeauty，asuccessfulcareer，andahappyfamily.Sheleadsadreamlifethatamilliongirlswouldlongfor.Yes，shewasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth.Butshegotwheresheisbyherself.There’salwaysgoingtobearticlesthatsaypeoplebornintowealthyfamiliesarebetter-lookingandhaveabetterfamilybackgroundthanyou，butthesepeopledoworkharderthanyou.Thereisatendencyinthemedianowadaystoencourageelitism(精英主义).Theyaretryingtobrainwashyoungpeopleintothinkingthattheyshouldinvestanenormousamountoftimeandmoneyinbodybuildingandappearanceimprovement，evenplasticsurgery.Theymakeyoubelievethatifyoudoastheysay，youcanimprovethequalityofyourlifeandjointheupperclass.Butwhat’sthedownsideofbeingaverageorcommon？Doyoureallyneedtogotothegymfivedaysaweekunlessyouareagymcrazy？Doyoureallyneedtobreakyourneckandsacrificetoearnyourfirstpotofgoldonlytoworryconstantlyabouthowtofitinhighsocietylater?Don’tlettheideaofelitismgettoyou.Everybodyhasarighttothelifetheywant.Humanbeingsshouldnotbejudgedasasuccessorfailurebasedonwhethertheyareapartoftheupperclassornot.Aslongasyouleadahappyandcomfortablelife，whybothertochaseafterotherpeople’sshadows？Chooseyourownlifepathandgoforit.语篇解读语篇解读本文为议论文。本文由美国新当选总统特朗普的女儿伊万卡的“完美人生”引发人们的思考——人们是否必须成为“精英”并过“精英生活”？13.WhichofthefollowingaboutIvankaisNOTmentionedinthetext?A.Shewasborninawealthyfamily.B.Shemadeitduetoherfather.C.Shehasasuccessfulcareer.D.Sheisprettybeautiful.解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“strikingbeauty”“asuccessfulcareer”及“wasbornwithasilverspooninhermouth”可排除A、C、D三项。B项(她是靠她的父亲成功的)与第二段最后一句“Butshegotwheresheisbyherself.”不符，故答案为B项。√答案解析14151314.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthetendencyinthemediaaboutelitism?A.Unconcerned. B.Doubtful.C.Negative. D.Approving.解析观点态度题。根据文章最后两段可推知作者对媒体鼓励“精英主义”这一趋势持否定态度，故答案为C项。√答案解析14151315.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.RunAfterStars’ShadowsB.ElitismandtheUpperClassC.TrumpandHisDaughterIvankaD.FollowYourOwnCourseinLife解析标题归纳题。作者在文章最后一句点出了本文的主题(选择你自己的路并走下去)，故答案为D项。√答案解析141513Ⅰ.单词梳理1.Freezingwinteris

(harm)toorangetrees.2.Theireffortstoimprovetheproductionhavebeenvery

(effect).3.Hehadjustattendedhisdaughter’s

(graduate).4.He

(desperate)sawherdisappearintothecrowd.5.

(recent)theyhavediscoveredacomet(彗星).6.Hestated

(positive)thathehadneverseentheman.以上语篇训练之素材提炼再拓展harmfuleffectivegraduationdesperatelyRecentlypositively7.Althoughmyuncleisold，helooksverystrongand

(health).8.Hehadno

(choose)buttoacceptit.9.Theoldmanwaslostin

(think)anddidnothearuscomein.10.Helives

(main)onhismonthlyincome.healthychoicethoughtmainly_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________对……有影响/起作用在度假中有共同之处，有相似之处渴望得到……beinterestedintalkwithinnotimeaglassofⅡ.短语提炼A.英汉互译1.haveaninfluenceon/upon