2025年上海市高考英语热点复习：阅读理解议论文

专题14阅读理解议论文

目录

题型综述.........................................................................2

解题攻略.........................................................................3

题型01主旨大意题..............................................................3

题型02细节理解题...............................................................5

题型03推理判断题...............................................................6

题型04词义猜测题...............................................................9

高考练场.....................................................

01题型综述

♦题型简介

高考英语阅读理解议论文，通常围绕某一观点，现象或问题展开论述，作者通过摆事实,讲道理，运用逻辑推理来阐明自

身看法，说服读者接受其观点。文章往往结构清晰，包含论点，论据与论证过程，选材涉及社会热点，教育理念，科技发展

争议，文化现象剖析等诸多领域，旨在考查学生对复杂文本的理解，分析及批判性思维能力。

♦命题类型

>主旨大意题：要求提炼文章核心论点，常以"What'sthemainideaofthepassage?”这类问句出现，选项可能是对全文

中心思想的精准概括，也可能是过于宽泛，片面的干扰表述。

>细节理解题：针对文中论据，支撑性事例或特定关键信息设题，题目会明确指向文章某一处，如“Accordingtothe

passage,whichofthefollowingstatementsabout...istrue?”,考查学生捕捉精准细节的能力。

>推理判断题：需依据文章现有论述，语气倾向推测隐含意义，作者态度,题干表述多为“Whatcanbeinferredfromthe

passage?”,答案并非原文直白呈现，要经适度推导。

>词义猜测题：聚焦文中超纲词,熟词僻义或特定语境下有特殊含义的词汇，例如“Theunderlinedword，XXX，inthe

paragraphmostprobablymeans...”,要求结合上下文破解词义谜团。

♦解题思路

•读题预判：快速浏览题目与选项，圈出关键信息,像主旨题中的“mainidea”,细节题里的专有名词等，预判阅读重点,

带着问题意识去读文章。

•通读抓论点：首次通读，定位文章开头段多数议论文在此点明主题抛出论点同时留意各段首句,它们常起承上启下,

引出分论点的作用，梳理出全文论述脉络。

•定位找论据:碰上细节，词义类题目，依据题目关键词,精准回文定位，在定位段落中细读上下文，借助因果，对比，举例等

逻辑关系锁定答案，比如出现"forexample"后的内容大概率是在解释前面论点，对理解词义，补充细节很关键。

•推理重逻辑：面对推理题，紧扣文章已知观点，事实，杜绝过度臆想，分析作者用词褒贬，论证走向来判断态度倾向，梳理

段落，句子间的逻辑链条，像因果推导，让步转折后的语义走向，让推理有理有据。

•核直避陷阱：选完答案后，代入原文再次核查，看选项是否契合全文主旨对应细节是否无误,警惕偷换概念，无中生有,

以偏概全这类常见陷阱选项。

02解题攻略

题型oi主旨大意题

提分秘籍

O国困

♦关注文章的首尾段落：议论文的主旨通常出现在文章的开头或结尾。首段往往提出论点或问题，

尾段则总结观点或得出结论。

♦抓住主题句和关键词：主题句是概括文章主旨的关键。在阅读过程中，要注意段落中的主题句以

及文章中反复出现的关键词。

♦综合各段大意，归纳总结：如果文章没有明确的主题句，可以先概括每一段的大意，然后综合各段

内容，归纳出文章的中心思想。

典例剖析

“Womanreadingbook,underanightsky,dreamyatmosphere,9,ItypeintoDeepDreamGenerator'sText2Dream

feature.Inlessthanaminute,animageisreturnedtomeshowingwhatI'vedescribed.

WelcometotheworldofAIimagegeneration,whereyoucancreatewhatonthesurfacelooksliketop-rankartwork

usingjustafewtextprompts（提示）.Butcloserexaminationshowsoddities.Thefaceofthewomaninmyimagehasveryodd

features,andappearstobeholdingmultiplebooks.And,whilethere9saninitialthrillatseeinganimageappear,there9sno

creativesatisfaction.

AIimagegenerationcouldinfluenceeverythingfromfilmtographicnovelsandmore.Children'sillustratorswerequick

toraiseconcernsaboutthetechnology.TheysayAi-generatedartistheexactoppositeofwhatartisbelievedtobe.

Fundamentally,artisallabouttranslatingsomethingthatyoufeelinternallyintosomethingthatexistsexternally.Whatever

formittakes,trueartisaboutthecreativeprocessmuchmorethanifsaboutthefinalpiece.Andsimplypressingabuttonto

generateanimageisnotacreativeprocess.

Beyondcreativity,therearedeeperissues.Tocreateimagesfromprompts,AIgeneratorsrelyondatabasesofalready

existingartandtext.Thiscouldleadtothecreationofimagesthatareintentionallymeanttoimitatethestyleofotherartists,

withouttheiragreement.ThereisanargumentthatAIgeneratorsworknodifferentlytohumanswhenitcomestobeing

influencedbyothers'work.However,ahumanartistisalsoaddingemotionandnuance0田微差另（j）intothemix.AIdoesn,tdo

thesame——itcanonlycopy.

TheincreasinguseofAIwillalsoleadtoadevaluing（贬彳氐）oftheworkofartists.There9salreadyanegativeprejudice

towardsthecreativeindustry.Peoplewillbegintothinkthattheir"work”isasexcellentasthatcreatedbysomeonewhohas

spentacareermakingart.It'snonsense,ofcourse.Youcanuseyourmobilephonetotakeanicepictureofyourdaughter,but

youarenomatchforprofessionals.

7.WhatisParagraph4ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.ThestylesofhumanartworksandAIones.

B.Humanartists5influenceonAIgenerators.

C.DifferentmeansusedinhumanandAIartcreation.

D.Thedrawbacksofdrawingfromexistingartandtext.

8.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthelastparagraph?

A.Artisthemirroroflife.B.Romeisnotbuiltinaday.

C.Nomancandotwothingsatonce.D.Don91judgeabookbyitscover.

题型02细节理解题

提分秘籍

0E0困

♦抓论点，寻论据：阅读议论文时，要抓住作者提出的观点，给出的例证及最后得出的结论。这些论

点和论据是理解文章细节的关键，能够帮助考生快速定位到相关信息。

♦注重文章结构，理清文章脉络：把握文章的论证结构，如“提出问题一分析问题一解决问题”或

“论点一论据一结论”，这样可以更好地理解作者的论证过程和细节信息。

♦利用寻读法：对于直接信息题，可以快速浏览文章，寻找与题目相关的关键词或信息点。对于间

接信息题，则需要对原文信息进行同义转换或归纳概括。

典例剖析

Recently,Iwaswalkingwithsomeparentswhenwecameacrossafive-poundnotelyingontheground.Westood

arounditforamoment,abitawkwardly,untilsomeonesuggestedputtingitonanearbybench.Thenoneoftheparents

remarkedthatwe'dprobablyhavebehaveddifferently-thatis,wewouldhavejusttakenthemoney-hadwebeenalone.

Thisrelatestoaclassicquestioninstudiesofhumangenerosity:dowebehavemoreselfishlywhenwearen'tbeing

observed?Thedebategoesonacrossthepsychologicalandbiologicalsciences,aswellasinpopularculture,aboutwhether

kindnesscanexistinacompetitiveworld.

YomKippurisaJewish（犹太人的）religiousholidaywhenJewishpeoplefastandaskforforgivenessforthewrongs

they'vecommitted.OneofthepointsofYomKippuristobehavebetterregardlessofwhoiswatching.There9sanevolutionary

beautytotheteachingsofYomKippur,whicharetheproductsofthousandsofyearsofculturalchangesandevolution.

TheMaasaipeopleofKenyapracticeosotua:relationshipsbetweenpeoplethatoperatebasedonneed.Whensomeone

formsanosotuarelationshipwithanother,theyenterintoanunwrittencontracttohelptheirpartnerintimesofneed.And

hunter-gatherergroups,whichcanrepresentthecircumstancesourspeciesevolvedin,havemanysimilarexamples.

Culturalevolutionhelpstoexplaintheexistenceandcomplexityofthesesystems.Culturalchangesarefarfasterthan

biologicalevolution,allowingintelligentspecieslikehumanstodevelopbehavioraladaptationsformanagingcomplexsocial

environments.Osotua,oranyotherpracticethathelpstomaintaingoodtreatmentofothersinsociety,istheresultoftensof

thousandsofyearsofculturaltrialanderror.Thecustomspasseddownovertimearethosethathelpustodevelopascultural

groups.

Thestudyofthosechangeshashelpedustounderstandhowwesuccessfullyspreadaroundtheworldascooperative

groups.Biologicalevolutionhashelpedhumansbemorecooperative,butculturalchangeshaveacceleratedthisprocess.

Culturalevolutionhelpsustoovercomeourselfishnatures.Trytounderstandrulesbeforeyouignorethem-andnext

timeyoufindafiverontheground,youmightthinkabouttheawkwardsituationyourdiscoveryrepresents.

13.Whatmadetheparentsfeelabitawkward?

A.Thedifficultysharingthemoney.

B.Thedifficultyfindingtheownerofthemoney.

C.Thethoughtofputtingthemoneyonthebench.

D.Thethoughtofkeepingthemoneyforthemselves.

15.Howisbiologicalevolutiondifferentfromculturalevolution?

A.Itevolvesmuchslower.B.Ittakesmuchlesstime.

C.Itisamorecomplexprocess.D.Itmakeshumansmorecooperative.

题型03推理判断题

提分秘籍

□国圆

♦以事实为依据，进行逻辑推理：推理判断题要求考生根据文章中的事实信息,通过逻辑推理得出结

论。要注意区分事实与观点，确保推理过程符合文章的逻辑关系。

♦体会文章语言特点,把握作者写作态度：理解作者的观点和态度是进行推理判断的基础。有时候作

者的观点和态度并不是明确表达出来的,需要考生认真体察和分析。

♦关注文章中的隐含信息：推理判断题往往考查文章中隐含或深层的含义。考生需要关注文章中的

修辞，语气，隐含意思等，挖掘出文章的深层含义。

典例剖析

WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman?Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainst

debtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenby

heaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeter-minestowriteabook.

Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,

andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernew

vitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?

We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.Tmnottalkingaboutthosewhofail

togettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhave

adoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.

Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthen

becometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,theopportunitiesare

everywhere.

Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'tchange.

Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus------anidea

thattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.

Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaning

inourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos

（自我），whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.

Manyofusequate（视...等同于）“commitment“withsuch"caring“occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoing

anyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellencewhether

theyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore---------maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They've

learnedlife'smostvaluablelesson.

1.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat.

A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone'screativity

B.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone'sgoal

C.miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfate

D.disabilitycannotstopaman'spursuitofsuccess

2.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?

A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.

B.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.

C.Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.

D.Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.

3.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5?

A.Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.

B.Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.

C.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.

D.Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.

4.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.

B.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.

C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.

D.Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.

题型04词义猜测题

提史四籍

O国目

♦利用上下文语境：通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测生词或短语的含义。上下文提

供的语境线索是推断词义的关键。

♦注意词义的多义性和搭配：一个词可能有多个义项,要结合上下文选择最合适的词义。同时注意

词与词之间的搭配习惯，如固定搭配，习惯用法等。

♦借助语法知识：根据句子结构和语法关系来判断词义。例如，通过句子成分,从句关系等来推断词

义。

典例剖析

Themushroomingvideoscreensinbuses,taxisandapartmenthallsincitieslikeShanghaiaretakingawayouralreadyrare

resource:aplaceforamomentofpeace.Takinganaporreadingabookonbusesislesspleasantnow,astheLCDscreens

broadcastnews,entertainmentandadvertisementsatunbearablevolumes.

Youpaythebusfaresimplytogetaride-undisturbed-butnowyouareexposedtothis“addedvalue”,whetheryoulike

itornot.Ififsacrowdedbus,thenoiseisevenmoreexasperating.MoreandmoreChinesecitieshavejoinedShanghai,

regardedasthefirsttoputvideoscreensonbuses,disturbingmillionsofpassengers.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exasperating“inParagraph2mean?

A.Entertaining.B.Encouraging.

C.Disappointing.D.Annoying.

典例剖析

First-yearcollegestudentsoftenareexpectedorrequiredtoliveindormitories.Intherestyears,it'susuallyuptothose

studentstodecidewhethertoliveonoroffcampus.

Atfirstglance,off-campushousingcanappearlessexpensive.Buttheadditionalexpensesoutsideofrent-likeutilities,

groceries,Internetaccess,cableandfurniture-areoftenoverlooked.Toreduceoff-campuscosts,somestudentschooseto

overpackhousesorapartments,sometimeswithfourorfivepeopleinatwo-bedroomhouse.Unlikeoff-campushousing,the

totalcostoflivingoncampusistypicallyall-inclusive,covetingrent,utilities,furniture,Wi-Fiandamealplan.

19.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“overpack“inthelastparagraphmean?

A.Overlook.B.Overconsume.C.Overestimate.D.Overload.

Q03＞高考练场_________________________________________

题型oi主旨大意题

【来源】上海市格致中学2024-2025学年高三上学期阶段练习卷

AscomputersbecomemoreandmorepopularinChina,Chinesepeopleareincreasinglydependingoncomputer

keyboardstoinputChinesecharacters.Butiftheyusethecomputertoomuch,theymayendupforgettingtheexactstrokes（笔

H）ofeachChinesecharacterwhenwritingonpaper.Expertssuggestpeople,especiallystudents,writebyhandmore.

Manyeducatorsthinkdifferently.ShiLiwei,theheadmasterofafamousprimaryschoolinthecapitalsaid,"'Chinese

charactersenjoybothpracticalvalueandartisticbeauty.Butthosecharacterstypedwithcomputerkeyboardsonlymaintain

theirpracticalvalue.Alltheartisticbeautyofthecharactersislost.Andhandwritingcontainsthewriter'semotion.Through

one'shandwriting,peoplecangettoknowone'sthinkingandpersonality.Beautifulwritingwillgivepeopleabetterfirst

impressionofthem.^^

Toencouragestudentstohand-writemore,manyprimaryschoolsinBeijinghavemadewritingclassescompulsory（必

修的）andinuniversities,someprofessorsareaskingstudentstoturnintheirhomeworkandessayswrittenbyhand.

24.Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthepassage?

A.ToTypeortoHand-write.

B.HowtoImproveHandwriting.

C.PracticalValueandArtisticBeautyofChineseCharacters.

D.WritingbyComputerWillReplaceWritingbyHand.

题型02细节理解题

【来源】上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试卷

JULY19THwasadayforhelp-deskheroes.AroutinesoftwareupdatebyCrowdStrike,acyber-securitycompany,

causedcomputerbreakdowninoffices,hospitalsandairportsworldwide.Mostwhite-collarworkerslookedmiserablyattheir

screensandrealisedjusthowuselesstheyareiftheycannotlogin.PeopleinITcametotherescueofhelplesscolleaguesand

strandedpassengers.Theirworkthatdaywasfullofstress——butalsofullofmeaning.

Ifmachinescanaddpurposetosomejobswhentheyfail,whataboutwhentheyworkproperly?Thisisnota

meaninglessquestion.Technologiestendtospreadinlessdramaticways,taskbytaskratherthanrolebyrole.Beforemachines

replaceindividuals,theychangethenatureoftheworktheydo.

Arecentpaper,fromMilenaNikolovaandFemkeCnossenlookedattheprevalenceofrobotsinindustrialsettingsand

howthataffectedworkers.Robotsreducedtheperceivedmeaningfulnessofjobsacrosstheboard,regardlessofage,gender,

skillsandthetypeofwork.Intheory,machinescanfreeuptimeformoreinterestingtasks;inpractice,theyseemtohavehad

theoppositeeffect.

13.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothefirstandsecondparagraphs?

A.Machinescansometimesaddmorepurposestojobswhentheyfail.

B.Technologiestypicallyspreadacrossentireroles,replacingworkersinonego.

C.Potentialdemeritsofintroducingmachinesintheworkplacehavebeenrecorded.

D.Acyber-securitycompanycausedtechnologicalfaultsonpurposewhentestingthesoftware.

14.WhafstheconclusionofMsN汰olova'sresearchinindustrialsettings?

A.Workersfeelmoreautonomousandincontrolwhenworkingwithrobots.

B.Machinesreducethesenseofpurposeinhumanworkers5jobsinreality.

C.Industrialrobotsreplacehumanworkers,eliminatingtheirtasksandroles.

D.Automationfacilitatesmanuallabor,increasingthevarietyoftasks.

题型03推理判断题

【来源】上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试英语试卷

Beingsingleisajoyfuldefianceofconvention

Singlepeopleareoftenseenaslivinghalfalife.We'rejustincompletepuzzles,desperatelysearchingforthemissing

piecetomakeuswhole.Butwhatiftheriskisnotwhatwe'llmissoutonifwedon'tcentreourlivesaroundaromanticpartner,

butwhatwe'llmissoutonifwedo?

Formillionsofpeople,beingsingleisthekeytolivingtheirbestlife.TheyarewhatDrBellaDePaulocallsthe“single

atheart”,andwhenIfirstheardthatterm,Iknewshewastalkingaboutme.

Afterreadingsurveydatafrommorethan20,000peopleacross100countriescarefully,DePaulofoundthat-contrary

toculturalassumptionsthattheunpartneredwilldiemiserableandalone,surroundedbycats-thosewhoembracetheirsingle

statusactuallygrowhappierastheyage.The"singleatheart^^arethrivingbecauseoftheirsolostatus,notinspiteofit.

17.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthesocietalperceptionofsinglepeoplefromthepassage?

A.Societyhasaneutralattitudetowardsanddoesn'tdiscriminateagainstthem.

B.Societyalmostfullysupportsandunderstandsthechoicesofsinglepeople.

C.Societyoftenviewssinglepeoplenegativelyandassumestheyareincomplete.

D.Societyhasnoexpectationsandimposesnorestrictionsforsinglepeople.

18.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“Perhapsifsinglestatuswasnotviewedassomethingeveryunpartneredperson

wantstochange,wewouldseegreaterequityforthosedoinglifesolo”?

A.Currentpoliciesarefairtoandhavenohugeimpactonsinglepeople.

B.Changingsociety'sprejudicecouldleadtobettertreatmentofsinglepeople.

C.Singlepeopleshouldtrytochangetheirstatusbystrivingforequalopportunities.

D.Societalstatusshouldbeconsideredbysinglepeopleinsteadofbyeveryone.

题型04词义猜测题

【来源】上海市格致中学2024-2025学年高三上学期阶段练习卷

Allthestudentsinterviewedsaytheyusuallyuseacomputer.

Ifsfasterandeasiertocorrectifusingacomputer.Andthafswhycomputersarebeingusedmoreandmoreoftento

moderneducation.Butwhenpeoplearetakingstockofcomputersincreasingly,problemsappear.

22.Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression"takingstockof9inParagraph4probablymean?

A.Gettingboredwith.B.Thinkingcarefullyabout.

C.Gettingcuriousabout.D.Becomingcrazyabout.

变区演皂

A

（2025年宝山一模）

WorldHungerDayisaboutcelebratingsolutionsthatkeeppeoplefromsufferingordyingduetolackoffood.Readabout

somecausesandalsosomeoftheeffortsbeingmadetostopthisworldwideproblem.

Why,inaworldwherewetechnicallyproduceenoughfoodtofeedeveryone,domillionsofpeoplegotobedhungryeach

night?Thestatisticsaretragic,andsuchacontradictionshouldhavenoplaceinourmodernworld.

TheUN*ssecondsustainabilitygoal,"ZeroHunger,"isanambitiousplantoendhungerintheworldby2030.However,

theglobalscaleofthehungerstaggerstheimagination,andit'sgettingworse.AccordingtoWorldVision,asmanyas828

millionpeople,or10%oftheglobalpopulation,aresufferingfromfoodinsecurity.Whatarethedrivingforcesbehindthis

stubbornblight（疫病）ofhunger?

Armedconflictisone.Itforcespeoplefromtheirhomes,ruinseconomiesandturnsmillionsofpeopleintorefugeeswho

becomereliantonaid,andluck,fortheirdailyneeds.

Extremeweatherevents-likedroughts,flooding,hurricanesandcyclones-alsodriveworldhungerbydestroyinghomes

andmakingfarmlandunusable.

Finally,around30percentoftheworld'sfoodislostorwastedannually.Foodlossoccurswhenfoodisdamagedor

spoiledwhilemovingthroughthesupplychain.Foodwastehappenswhenindividuals,supermarketsorrestaurantsbuymore

foodthantheyneedandthrowawaytheexcess（超过）.

WorldHungerDay,whichistoday,isn'tjustaboutbadnews.Foundedin2011byTheHungerProject,WorldHungerDay

isalsoaboutcelebratingsolutionsthatwilleliminatestarvation.

InAfrica,TheHungerProjecthasbeenworkingtoencouragemoresustainableandefficientfarmingmethods.For

example,bydiversifyingtheircrops,farmerswillhavehealthiersoil.Furthermore,sincefarmersneedaccesstosafe,clean

water,TheHungerProjectteachespeoplehowtomonitor,maintainandrepairwatersystemssuchaswaterpumps.TheUN

WorldFoodProgrammeaidsfarmersbyhelpingthemconnecttolocaleconomies,improveproductionmethodsandreduce

croplosses.And,forwomenwhoarepregnantornursingandforchildren,theyprovidespecialfoodslikenutrient-richpeanut

paste.

Sowhatcanyoudotohelprootoutworldhunger?Asidefromstrivingtoreduceyourfoodwaste,keepeducatingyourself

andothersabouttheissue.Lookforopportunitiestofeedthehungryinyourowncommunities.Therearesomefantastic

organizationssuchasSALTCollectiv,whoregularlyorganizeandcoordinateeventstohelporphansandfeedthehungry.Each

step,eachchoice,eachvoicecanhelpmakehungerathingofthepast.

43.Thewordstaggerinthethirdparagraphmostprobablymeans.

A.shockB.improveC.restrictD.affect

44.Thepurposeofthepassageis.

A.toobjectivelyanalyzethereasonsofstarvation

B.toseriouslywarnpeopleofthestarvation

C.toencouragepeopletofightagainsthunger

D.tothinkhighlyoftheefforttotrytogetridofhunger

45.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.Hungerwillbecomeathingofthepast.

B.StarvationexistsmainlyinAfrica.

C.Peoplewhoneedfoodmaygetitaroundthemselves.

D.Itisimpossibletogetridofstarvationintheworld.

46.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.TheCauseofStarvation

B.TheMarchtowardZeroHunger

C.TheSolutiontoStarvation

D.TheConsequenceofHunger

B

（2025年普陀区一模）

Arthasalwaysoccupiedaspecialplaceinsociety.Manypeopleconsiderartiststobetheultimateauthoritiesonthe

natureandexpressionofbeauty.Formuchofhistory,thepracticeofartwasmysterious,andartistswereviewedasbeing

somewhatoddandoftenmad.Eventhewordmostcommonlyassociatedwithartists-inspiration-hasitsownmagical

qualities.Literally,ninspirationnisthebreathinginofaspirit.Artistswerethoughtofaspeoplewhowereuniquelyinspiredto

create.

Ofcourse,artistscontributedtothismythology（神话）.Manyartistscreditedtheirtalentstothepresenceofsome

supernaturalpower."Wholemovementsofarthavecenteredonthesupposedlyotherworldlynatureofart.Forexample,the

Romanticpoetsbelievedthatartwasatermthatmeantanultimateexpressionofbeautyandtruth.Thesearchforthisidealled

themtoexplorebothnaturalandsupernaturalthemesintheirworks.

Anotherpersistentviewofartregardeditsdivorcefromlogic.Reasonandlogicweretheprovinceofscientistsand

philosophers,whereascreativityandinsightweretheareaoftheartists.Thetwoseparateaspectsofthemindweresupposedto

remaindistinct.

Butin1704,amajorbreakthroughoccurred.SirIsaacNewton,mathematicianandphysicist,publishedhisstudyoflight,

Opticks.OneofNewton'smajordiscoverieswasonthenatureofcolor.Usingaprism（棱镜），Newtonfoundthatwhitelightis

actuallycomposedofallthecolorsoftherainbow.Heevenprovidedascientificexplanationforthepresenceofrainbows.The

artisticcommunitywasshocked.Ascientisthadtakenabeautifulandmagicalexperienceandreducedittothesimplerefraction

ofbeamsoflightthroughtheprismofaraindrop.Ascientisthadventuredintotheirsacredterritory.

Morethanahundredyearslater,JohnKeats,oneofthemostfamousRomanticpoets,accusedNewtonofreducing

beautyby"unweavingtherainbow."Hiscolleague,SamuelTaylorColeridge,famouslyremarkedthatthesoulsoffivehundred

NewtonswouldbeneededtomakeoneShakespeare.Andyet,fromanotherperspective,Newtondidnotreducethebeautyof

therainbow;heenhancedit.Inhissearchtouncoverthesecretsoftherainbow,Newtondemonstratedthewonder,creativity,

andinspirationofanartist.Healsogavetheworldanotheropportunitytoexperiencethesublime（绝妙）.Newton'sdiscovery

pavedthewayforthedevelopmentofthescienceofspectroscopy,awayofanalyzingthechemicalmakeupoflight.Now

scientistscanlookatthestarsandknowtheircomposition.Thesenseofwonderthisabilitycreatesisnotmuchdifferentfrom

thewonderthepoetorartistfeelswhenstaringatthosesamestars.

43.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasthecommonviewofartistsinhistory?

A.Artistswereconsideredlogicalandrational.

B.Artistswereseenasinspiredandsomewhatstrange.