山东省潍坊临朐第一中学2024-2025学年高二下学期开学考试英语试题

高二英语开学检测英语试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhydidthemanfailtoseethefilmlastSunday?A.Hewasn’tinterestedinit.B.Hedidn’tgetaticket.C.Heworkedovertime.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:DidyougotoseeDisney’smusicalfairytaleWishlastSunday?W:Yes.Itwasbrilliant.Whataboutyou?M:Notyet.SomeoneIworkwithwentandsaiditwaswonderful.IwishI’dbeenabletogetaticket.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheremightthespeakersbe?A.Inanoffice. B.Inabank. C.Inarestaurant.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Whatabusyday!Bytheway,havewereceivedpaymentfortheoverseasorderwedeliveredlastweek?M:Yes.Thechequecameinourpanythismorning.I’llbedepositingitduringourlunchbreak.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhenwasthefirsteditionoftheHandbookoftheBeltandRoadpublished?A.In2010. B.In2018. C.In2023.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Youlookhappy,Alice.Anygoodnews?W:TheChineseAcademyofSocialSciencesreleasedtwobookstomarkits10thanniversary.TheyareBeltandRoadInitiative:Past,TodayandFuture,andtheEnglishlanguageversionofthe2023editionoftheHandbookoftheBeltandRoad.M:Really?Youknowthelatterwasfirstpublished5yearsago.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmeanintheend?A.Goingtothezoocanmakehimfeelhappy.B.Heseldomwenttothezooinhischildhood.C.Itmaybenotgoodtokeepanimalsinthezoo.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Wherewouldyouliketogomostinyourchildhood?W:Thezoo.Icanobservethebehaviorsandcharacteristicsofthecreatures.It’sanenjoyableandeducationalexperienceforme.M:Butisitthebestenvironmentfortheanimals?5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Arareflower. B.Anexhibition. C.Agarden.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Wow,howbeautifulthefloweris!Whatisit?W:It’stheFloridaGhostOrchid.Itgetsitsnamefromitswhiteflower,whichlookslikeaghostfloatingintheair.ItwasrecentlytransportedtotheRoyalBotanicGardens,KewinsouthwestLondon,whereitisondisplay.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.WhydoesGracedecidetojointhepoetryclub?A.Shehasakeeninterestinpoetry.B.Shewantstowinthepetition.C.Sheneedstoimprovewritingskills.7.Whendoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Attheendofthesemester.B.Inthemiddleofthesemester.C.Atthebeginningofthesemester.【答案】6.A7.C【解析】【原文】W:James,gladtomeetyouhereafterthelongsummervacation.Haveyoudecidedwhichclubtojointhissemester?M:Notyet,Grace.Doyouknowaboutanyintroductionsofclubs?W:Yeah!Youcangotothedanceclub.IthasballroomdanceandLatinAmericandance.M:Asamatteroffact,whatIwanttolearnisHiphopdance.Well,what’syourchoice?W:Ihavedecidedtotakepartinthepoetryclub.MainlybecauseI’maninbornpoetrylover.M:Canyoutellmemoreaboutthepoetryclub?W:Itistheregularproviderofpoetryreadings,andit’sopentothepubliceveryThursday.Theclubmembersalsohaveachancetoattendartfestivalsandpoetrypetitions.M:Therearesomanyactivitiesinthepoetryclub.Youwillbeextremelybusythissemester.W:Yes.I’mlookingforwardtotheseactivities.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.HowdoesKristinlooktoTerry?A.Tired. B.Anxious. C.Excited.9.WhatattractsKristinmostaboutHangzhou?A.Itsrichhistory. B.Itsdeliciousfood. C.Itsbeautifulscenery.10.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues. B.Waiterandcustomer. C.Tourguideandtourist.【答案】8.C9.B10.A【解析】【原文】M:Hello,Kristin.Weleback.Youareontopoftheworld.W:Yeah,Terry.It’slovelytoseeyouagain.M:HowwasyourtripinHangzhou?W:Muchfun.Inadditiontoitsrichhistoryandquietandbeautifulscenery,theuniquecuisineappealstomemost.Ithasagreatvarietyofflavors.M:Wow,whatkindoffooddidyoutaste?W:Xihucuyu,thefriedshrimpwithLongjingteaandDongporou.Visitorscanexperiencethelocalculturethroughcasualsnacks.HaveyoueverbeentoHangzhou?M:No.I’dreallyliketogothereonannualleavenextyear.Well,Iparkedthecarintheparkinglot.Isthisallyourluggage?W:Yes.Butthesuitcaseisveryheavy.Ibroughtsomespecialproductsforyouandothersinouroffice.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Whatisthemandoing?A.Tellingtrafficrules.B.Conductinganinterview.C.Sharinghisexperience.12.WhatdidPollysayaboutherfirstride?A.Shefeltworriedatfirst.B.Alltheriderswereadults.C.Peoplecrashedintoeachother.13.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthe“bikebus”?A.It’sinconvenient. B.It’sdangerous. C.It’shelpful.【答案】11.B12.A13.C【解析】【原文】M:Goodmorningeveryone,weletoourprogram.EveryFridayinGlasgow,Scotland,wecanseekidsgotoschoolona“bikebus”.Today,wepresenttoyouJoWright,theinitiatorofthe“bikebus”.W:Hi,everyone.Myname’sJoWright.I’mgladtobeheretoday.M:OK.Sohowdidthe“bikebus”getitsname?W:Wehaveasetroute.Wegoatasettime,andtherearestopsontheway.Sothat’swhywe’relikeabus.M:Whendiditbegintobepopular?W:The“bikebus”becamepopularintheSpanishtownofVicin2021,andsincethenithasbeenspreadingacrosstheworld.M:Dideveryonefeelgoodduringtheirfirstride?W:AmothernamedPollytoldmethatthefirsttimeshewentonthe“bikebus”,shewasabitnervous.Shethoughtthereweremanykidsthere.Surely,peoplewouldhavecrashedintoeachother.Thatwasabitterrifying.Butactually,allthekidsknewtheyjusthadtokeepabitofspacearoundthem.Thegrownupswerebetweenthekidsandthetraffic.Anditwasfine.M:Doyouthinkitisafunwayforkidstogettoschool?W:Yes.Andit’sgoodforhealthandtheenvironment.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.OnwhichdaydidtheuniversityhosttheconcertinBeijing?A.October20th. B.October21st. C.October26th.15.Whatdidthestudentsdoaftertheconcerts?A.Theyparticipatedinthediscussion.B.Theyhadascientificexperiment.C.Theygaveaperformance.16.Whatarethespeakers?A.Middleschoolstudents. B.Highschoolstudents. C.Collegestudents.【答案】14.C15.A16.B【解析】【原文】M:Emily,theUniversityofChineseAcademyofScienceshostedconcertsonOct.20thand21st,2023inZhejiangprovince,andfivedayslaterinBeijing.Haveyouheardofit?W:Yes,mybrothertoldittome.ItalianflutistAndreaCecoriandpianistSebastianoBruscowereinvitedtoperform.Theconcertswerepartoftheuniversity’sVoiceofAutumnArtFeast,aseasonalartandmusicfestival,andtheConversationwithMastersseries,underwhichinternationalartistsareinvitedtogivelectures,exhibitionsandconcerts.M:WhenwastheConversationwithMastersseriesfounded?W:In2017inlinewiththeideaofbiningscienceandarteducationpromotedbyformerprofessorandfamousphysicist,TsungdaoLee.M:That’strue.Andaftertheconcerts,studentsdiscussedtopicsrelatedtoartandculturewiththemusicians,duringwhichItaliansgavedemonstrationswhileansweringquestionsabouttechnology.Thestudentswereveryenthusiasticaboutmusic.W:Theyweregreatwaysforstudentstospreadbeautyandpeaceallovertheworldthroughmusic.M:Yes.Andtheuniversitythinkstheycanstimulatestudents’creativityandsenseofhumanism.chetamoriW:Iexpecttopassthecollegeentranceexaminationandbeadmittedtothisuniversitynextyear.M:Metoo.Ibelievewecanmakeit!I’mwithyourefuel.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Wheredidthemysteryboxesoriginatefrom?A.Japan. B.China. C.England.18.Howcanmysteryboxeshelpsuppliers?A.Raisetheprice. B.Keepcostsdown. C.Reducewaste.19.Whatisthespeaker’sattitudetowardmysteryboxes?A.Disapproving. B.Neutral. C.Favorable.20.Whydoesthespeakergivethetalk?A.Tointroducethehistoryofgiftgiving.B.Toremendsomegoodwaysforshopping.C.Toshowtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofmysteryboxes.【答案】17.A18.C19.B20.C【解析】【原文】M:Mostofusknowwhatit’sliketogetpresentsfromfriends.Whetherit’sforabirthdayorothercelebration,it’shardtobeattheexcitementofopeningacarefullywrappedboxtofindsomethingunexpectedandperfectforyou.Now,imagineifyoucouldgetthesamefeelingwhenyougoshoppingforyourself.That’sthefeelingthatesfrommysteryboxes.MysteryboxescanbetracedbacktoJapan’stoysandluckybags.Theycontainarangeofdifferentproducts,whicharesoldatalowerprice.Thekeythingisthatcustomersdon’tknowwhat’sintheboxbeforetheybuy.Thepleasantsurpriseisnottheonlyattractionofmysteryboxes.Theyalsoallowpeopletotrythingsthattheyotherwisewouldn’t.Seasonalvegetablemysteryboxesmightleadpeopletolearntocooknewmeals.Theycanalsopossiblyoffergreatsavings.Forsuppliers,itallowsthemtosellunwantedstockforaprofit.Thiscanhelpreducewaste.Thereisanobviousdownsidetomysteryboxes—whenyoubuythem,youdon’tknowwhatyou’llget!Itmaybethatthegoodsinsidearenottoyourtaste.Ormaybethegoodshaveamuchlowervaluethanthepriceofthebox.So,mysteryboxesareafunwayofreducingwasteandmakingshoppingmoreexciting.However,sometimestheywillmakeyoudisappointed.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AManyoftenfindthemselvesconsideringjobsbelowtheirskilllevelinworseningemploymentmarkets.Butitturnsoutthatworkinginajobbelowyourskilllevelharmsyourlaterchancesofgettinghiredforabetterpayingjobmoreappropriatetoyourqualifications.SociologistDavidPedullaattheUniversityofTexasconductedastudytoexaminehowjobsbelowaperson’sskilllevelaffectfutureemployability.Hetailored2420applicationsandsubmittedthemto1,210joblistingspostedinfivemajorcitiesacrosstheU.S.Hevariedtheapplicationsbygender,andalsobyemploymentstatusforthepreviousyear.Thenheusedputermodelstoanalyzeandparetheresults.Theresultsshowthatapplicantswhowerepositionedasworkingbelowtheirskilllevel,regardlessofgenderhadthelowestchancesofgettingcalledforajobinterview.Theseresultsshouldserveasawarningtoanyoneconsideringtakingajobbelowtheirskilllevel.Whileitmightpaythebillsintheshortterm,itcansignificantlyhammerone’sabilitytoreturntotherelevantskilllevelandpaygradeatalaterdate.Whymightthisbethecase?Pedullaconductedafollowupstudywith903employers.Heaskedthemabouttheirideasofapplicantswitheachkindofemploymenthistory,andhowlikelytheywouldbetoremendeachkindofcandidatetoaninterview.Theresultsshowthatemployersbelievethatmenwhoareemployedinpositionsbelowtheirskilllevelarelessmittedandlesspetentthanmeninotheremploymentsituations.Thosesurveyedalsobelievedthatwomenworkingbelowtheirskilllevelwerelesspetentthanothers,butdidnotbelievethemtobelessmitted.Theresultsofstudiessuggestthatworkbelowskilllevelsignalstoemployersmen’sinpetenceandalackofmitment.Thisisadisturbingreminderthattheswordofgenderbias(偏见)doesinfactcutbothways.21.Whydomanypeoplechoosejobsbelowtheirskilllevel?A.Theyfearbearingduties. B.Theyfaceatougheconomy.C.Theylackselfconfidence. D.Theypursuebetterpayingjobs.22.Howdotheresearcherscarryoutthefirststudy?A.Bymakingparisons. B.Bydoingsurveys.C.Byconductinginterviews. D.Byresearchingexamples.23.Whatistheemployers’ideaaccordingtothefollowupstudy?AMenaremorelikelytogetpromoted.B.Womenaremoredevotedandcapable.C.Womenbehavebetterinjobsbelowskilllevel.D.Menshowtalentsinworkoftherelevantlevel.【答案】21.B22.A23.C【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究表明在一份低于你技能水平的工作中工作，会损害你以后找到一份更适合你资历的高薪工作的机会。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Manyoftenfindthemselvesconsideringjobsbelowtheirskilllevelinworseningemploymentmarkets.(在不断恶化的就业市场中，许多人经常发现自己在考虑低于自己技能水平的工作。)”可知，许多人考虑低于自己技能水平的工作是由于他们面临着严峻的经济形势。故选B。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Hetailored2,420applicationsandsubmittedthemto1,210joblistingspostedinfivemajorcitiesacrosstheU.S.Hevariedtheapplicationsbygender,andalsobyemploymentstatusforthepreviousyear.Thenheusedputermodelstoanalyzeandparetheresults.(他定制了2420份申请，并将它们提交给了美国五大城市发布的1210个职位列表。他根据性别和前一年的就业状况对申请进行了调整。然后他使用计算机模型来分析和比较结果。)”可知，研究人员通过做比较的方法来进行第一项研究。故选A。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Theresultsshowthatemployersbelievethatmenwhoareemployedinpositionsbelowtheirskilllevelarelessmittedandlesspetentthanmeninotheremploymentsituations.Thosesurveyedalsobelievedthatwomenworkingbelowtheirskilllevelwerelesspetentthanothers,butdidnotbelievethemtobelessmitted.(结果表明，雇主认为，在低于他们技能水平的岗位上工作的男性比在其他就业情况下工作的男性更不敬业，更不称职。接受调查的人还认为，从事低于自己技能水平工作的女性不如其他女性能干，但并不认为她们不够投入。)”可推知，雇主的想法是女性在技能水平以下的工作中比男性表现更好。故选C。BHowwelearnaccentsbeforewelearnwords“No!”That’stheonlywordwehearinthelatestcutebabyvideotogoviral.Butit’snotthewordsthatbabyOrlasaysthathasmadethisvideosopopular.It’sthefactthatsheclearlyimitates(模仿)thedistinctiveScouseaccent(口音)fromLiverpool.Thisnowfamousbabymayonlyhavebeenbornin2022,butthedifferentaccentsofbabbling(咿哑声)babieshavebeenstudiedformanyyears.Astudyfrom2009foundthatFrenchbabiestendtocrywitharisingintonation,whileGermanbabies’criesoftenhaveafallingintonation.OtherstudieshaveshownAmericanandFrenchbabiesreflectingsyllables(音节)fromEnglishandFrenchrespectively,andthatbabieswithparentswhospeakatonal(声调的)language,likeMandarin,hadagreaterrangeoftonesintheircrying.Sowhydoesthishappen?Aschildrendevelop,theypractisemakingthesoundsofthelanguagethattheyheararoundthem.It’snaturalthattheypickupthesoundsaroundthem.Infact,babiesstarttolearnlanguagefromtheirmotherfromthreemonthsbeforebirth.However,it’snotjustthelanguageofimmediatefamilyandcaregiversthathasanimpact.ProfessorCarolineFlocciahighlightsstudiessuggestingthatchildrenaremorelikelytolearntheaccentoftheirenvironmentthanthatofaparentwhohasanaccentthatisforeigntothatlocation.Whyisthisimportanttoknow?Well,whatitshowsusisthatbabiesarelearninglanguagethroughpractice,andthatthemoretimethatparentsspendinteractingwiththeirchildren,thegreateropportunityforthis.Whilebabblingbabiesmaynotbeabletosaymanywords,studiesestimatethattheycanunderstandmanytimesthenumberofwordsthanthosethattheycanactuallysay.Givingbabiesexposuretoagreaternumberofwordsallowsthemtobetterbuildtheirvocabulary.24.WhatmakesthevideoofbabyOrlasopopular?A.Hercuteappearance. B.Herabilitytosay“No”.C.Herclearpronunciation. D.HerScouseaccentimitation.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“respectively”meaninparagraph2?A.Individually. B.Apparently.C.Abnormally. D.Identically.26.WhatdoesProfessorCarolineFlocciastress?A.Babysittershavenoeffectonchildren’saccent.B.Childrenwillalwayslearntheaccentoftheirparents.C.Environmenthasmoreimpactsonbabies’languagelearning.D.Childrenaremorelikelytolearntheaccentoftheforeigners.27.Whatdoesthepassageimplyaboutbabies’languagelearningabilities?A.Babiescanonlyunderstandalimitednumberofwords.B.Moreinteractionscandevelopbabies’languagelearning.C.Babies’babblingisnotanindicationoftheirlanguagelearning.D.Babies’languagelearningisnotaffectedbyparentalinteraction.【答案】24.D25.A26.C27.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了我们是如何在学习单词之前学习口音的。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Butit’snotthewordsthatbabyOrlasaysthathasmadethisvideosopopular.It’sthefactthatsheclearlyimitates(模仿)thedistinctiveScouseaccent(口音)fromLiverpool.(但并不是婴儿奥拉说的话让这个视频如此受欢迎。事实是，她明显模仿了来自利物浦的独特的利物浦口音。)”可知，奥拉模仿利物浦口音让她的视频如此受欢迎。故选D项。【25题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Astudyfrom2009foundthatFrenchbabiestendtocrywitharisingintonation,whileGermanbabies’criesoftenhaveafallingintonation.(2009年的一项研究发现，法国婴儿哭的时候往往是升调，而德国婴儿哭的时候往往是降调。)”以及划线单词句子中“…andthatbabieswithparentswhospeakatonal(声调的)language,likeMandarin,hadagreaterrangeoftonesintheircrying.(……而父母说普通话等声调语言的婴儿，哭声中的声调范围更大。)”可知，此处为美国和法国的婴儿分别反映英语和法语的音节，故可猜测划线单词respectively为“分别，独自地”意思，结合选项A项Individually“分别地，单独地”意思一致。故选A项。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“ProfessorCarolineFlocciahighlightsstudiessuggestingthatchildrenaremorelikelytolearntheaccentoftheirenvironmentthanthatofaparentwhohasanaccentthatisforeigntothatlocation.(卡洛琳·弗洛西亚教授强调了一些研究，这些研究表明，与父母的口音不同，孩子更有可能学会他们所处环境的口音。)”可知，卡洛琳·弗洛西亚教授强调了环境对婴儿语言学习的影响更大。故选C项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Well,whatitshowsusisthatbabiesarelearninglanguagethroughpractice,andthatthemoretimethatparentsspendinteractingwiththeirchildren,thegreateropportunityforthis.Whilebabblingbabiesmaynotbeabletosaymanywords,studiesestimatethattheycanunderstandmanytimesthenumberofwordsthanthosethattheycanactuallysay.Givingbabiesexposuretoagreaternumberofwordsallowsthemtobetterbuildtheirvocabulary.(它告诉我们，婴儿是通过练习来学习语言的，父母和孩子互动的时间越多，学习语言的机会就越大。虽然咿呀学语的婴儿可能不会说很多单词，但研究估计，他们能理解的单词数量是他们实际能说的单词数量的许多倍。让婴儿接触更多的单词可以让他们更好地建立词汇量。)”可推知，关于婴儿的语言学习能力，这篇文章暗示了更多的互动可以促进婴儿的语言学习。故选B项。CIcameacrossthebookEssentialism:TheDisciplinedPursuitofLessfromalibraryappandIcansaythatafterreading,itdidnotdisappoint.Thebookfitsintothepersonaldevelopmentcategory.Ittalksabouthowimportantitistofocusonabsolutelyimportantthingsandremovetheunnecessarydistractions.Themonproblem,GregMcKeownsays,isspottingtheimportantthings.Essentialismmeanscontinuouslydefiningwherewecancreatethemostvalue,thenfindingwaystoexecutethesetasksmosteffortlessly.InEssentialism,McKeowndrawsonexperienceandinsightfromworkingwiththeleadersofthemostinnovativepaniesintheworldtoshowhowtoachievethepursuitofless.Moreimportantly,byapplyingamoreselectivestandardforwhatisessential,thepursuitoflessallowsustoregaincontrolofourownchoicessowecanchannelourtime,energyandeffortintomakingthehighestpossiblecontributiontowardthegoalsandactivitiesthatmatter.McKeownfurtherexploresthedifferencebetweenanessentialistandanonessentialist.Hegivesfantasticandrelatableexamplesfromhislifeaswellasfromotherstoillustratehowfunctioningasanonessentialistisharmfulforbothyouandthosearoundyou.Hesaystheprimarydifferenceinbothofthemistheonewhosaysyestoeverythingandtheother(theessentialist)saysyesonlytothethingsthatmatter.Healsotellsthatanonessentialistwillmittoeverythingandputhispersonalpriorities(优先事项)onthesidewhilethatisoppositeincaseoftheessentialist.Whetheritisinworklifeorpersonallife,anonessentialistwilltrytodomorebyquickfixsolutionsbutanessentialistwillfocusonremovingbarriersandnothingelse.HealsogivesusexamplesoffamouspeoplelikeMahatmaGandhiwhofollowedessentialism.Finally,thebooktellsushowtosetouttheimportantthingsinourlife—likearoutineof8hoursofsleep,dailyjournalorplayingorrelaxingeverydaytoletourmindsrest.Intoday’sfastpacedlife,McKeownsays,restfulnessisapreciousescapefromthenoisyworld.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“execute”inparagraph2mean?A.Carryout. B.Switchbetween. C.Watchoutfor. D.Getawayfrom.29.Whatismainlystressedinparagraph3?A.Thesignificanceofessentialism. B.Theinspirationforthebook.C.Achievementsofessentialists. D.Strategiesforpursuingless.30Whichofthefollowingisafeatureofessentialists?A.mitmenttodailywork. B.Highefficiencyinwork.C.Positiveinfluencebycelebrities. D.Concentrationonpriorities.31.WhatdoesMcKeownsuggestpeopledo?A.Avoidtiringworkifpossible. B.Findmeaningineverydaylife.C.Takeabreakwhennecessary. D.Remainrestlessandunmotivated.【答案】28.A29.A30.D31.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者看到了一本叫做《本质主义：有纪律地追求更少》的书，他对这本书印象深刻。他讲述了这本书中让人受益匪浅的理论——本质论。【28题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Ittalksabouthowimportantitistofocusonabsolutelyimportantthingsandremovetheunnecessarydistractions.(它谈到了专注于绝对重要的事情和消除不必要的干扰是多么重要。)”以及划线单词的前半句话“Essentialismmeanscontinuouslydefiningwherewecancreatethemostvalue(本质主义意味着不断定义我们可以在哪里创造最大价值)”可知，本质论教会了我们专注于绝对重要的事情和消除不必要的干扰。我们要找到哪里能够创造最大的价值，然后找到方式去消除不必要的干扰，找到方法最轻松地执行这些任务。所以划线单词的意思是“执行”。故选A。【29题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“InEssentialism,McKeowndrawsonexperienceandinsightfromworkingwiththeleadersofthemostinnovativepaniesintheworldtoshowhowtoachievethepursuitofless.Moreimportantly,byapplyingamoreselectivestandardforwhatisessential,thepursuitoflessallowsustoregaincontrolofourownchoicessowecanchannelourtime,energyandeffortintomakingthehighestpossiblecontributiontowardthegoalsandactivitiesthatmatter.(在本质论中，麦基翁借鉴了与世界上最具创新性的公司领导者合作的经验和见解，展示了如何实现追求更少。更重要的是，通过对重要的东西应用更具选择性的标准，追求更少的东西可以让我们重新控制自己的选择，这样我们就可以将时间、精力和努力用于为重要的目标和活动做出尽可能高的贡献)”可知，本质论中告诉了人们如何实现追求更少，这样我们就可以将时间、精力和努力用于为重要的目标和活动做出尽可能高的贡献。所以本段重点强调了本质论的重要意义。故选A。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Healsotellsthatanonessentialistwillmittoeverythingandputhispersonalpriorities(优先事项)onthesidewhilethatisoppositeincaseoftheessentialist.Whetheritisinworklifeorpersonallife,anonessentialistwilltrytodomorebyquickfixsolutionsbutanessentialistwillfocusonremovingbarriersandnothingelse.(他还告诉，一个非本质主义者会致力于一切，并把他的个人优先事项放在一边，而在本质主义者的情况下，情况恰恰相反。无论是在工作生活还是个人生活中，非本质主义者都会试图通过快速解决方案做更多的事情，但本质主义会专注于消除障碍，而不是其他)”可知，本质主义的特征在于会专注于个人优先事项，而非本质主义则会把个人优先事项放在一边。故选D。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Finally,thebooktellsushowtosetouttheimportantthingsinourlife—likearoutineof8hoursofsleep,dailyjournalorplayingorrelaxingeverydaytoletourmindsrest.Intoday’sfastpacedlife,McKeownsays,restfulnessisapreciousescapefromthenoisyworld.(最后，这本书告诉我们如何安排我们生活中的重要事情，比如每天8小时的睡眠、写日记或玩耍或放松，让我们的大脑得到休息。麦基翁说，在当今快节奏的生活中，宁静是逃离嘈杂世界的宝贵方式)”可知，McKeown建议人们在生活中要适当的休息，使大脑得到放松。故选C。DAmanwithParkinson’s（帕金森）diseasehasexperiencedasubstantialimprovementinhisabilitytowalkafterbeingfittedwithadevicethatelectricallystimulateshisspinalcord（脊髓）.Thefindings,althoughbasedononeperson,suggestthiscouldbeusedtotreatmovementdisorders.TreatmentsforParkinson’sdiseaseincludedrugsthattargetpartsofthebrainwhichregulatesmovement,aswellasdeepbrainstimulation,whichchangestheelectricalsignalsthatcausesymptoms.However,manypeopledon’trespondtothesetreatments,particularlyiftheirconditionisadvanced,saysCourtine.HeandhiscolleagueswantedtofindoutwhetherdirectlystimulatingthespinalcordinapersonwithsevereParkinson’sdiseasecouldhelp.Theteamdesignedthedevicethatspecificallytargetsneurons（神经元）inthespinethatareactivatedwhenlegswalk,whichshowedpromiseinnonhumanprimateswithParkinson’slikesymptoms.Totestitinaperson,theresearchersrecruiteda62yearoldmancalledMarc,whohasexperiencedParkinson’ssymptomsforaround30years.Theseincludedpacefreezingsuddenandtemporaryinabilitytomove.TheresearchersfirsthadtomaptheneuronsinMarc’sspine.Thishelpedtoguidetheapplicationofstimulatorssotheywouldonlytargethislegs’neurons.TheythenplacedsensorsonMarc’slegsandshoestomonitortheelectricalactivityoftheneuronsthatactivatethemusclesintheselimbsandhisfeet.Whenthesesensorsdetectedthiselectricalactivity,theyactivatedthestimulators.Afterthreemonths’trainingusingthestimulators,Marcmoreorlessstoppedexperiencingpacefreezing.Marcsaysthatpassingthroughnarrowpathsorturninghadpreviouslycausedpacefreezing,whichledtohimfallingfiveorsixtimesaday.Marchasnowbeenusingthestimulatorfortwoyearsandsayshehardlyfallsanymore,allowinghimtowalkseveralkilometresatatime.ThestimulationispersonalisedtoMarc.Nevertheless,theteamthinksasimilartechniquecouldhelpmanypeople.Butthereareatleastfivemoreyearsofdevelopmentbeforethetreatmentwillreachpeopleoutsideatrial,saysCourtine.32.WhydoesCourtine’steamdesignthedevice?A.Conventionaltreatmentshelplittle. B.Patientssufferfromdeepbrainstimulation.C.Thedeviceismuchcheaper. D.Themedicinehassideeffects.33.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Theprocedureofthetreatment. B.Theeffectsoftheresearch.C.Thefunctionofstimulators. D.Thepredictionofresearchers.34.Whatcanwelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Marcisdissatisfiedwiththetreatment. B.Marcrecoversafterthreemonth’straining.C.ThedeviceisspeciallyadjustedforMarc. D.Thedevicehasbeenusedwidely.35.Whatisthelimitationofthisresearch?A.Smallsample. B.Lowtechnology. C.Highcost. D.Inconvenientoperation.【答案】32.A33.A34.C35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一位帕金森病患者在接受了一种刺激脊髓的装置治疗后，其行走能力得到了显著改善。虽然这项研究基于一个患者，但研究人员认为这种方法可以帮助许多人。不过，这项治疗还需要至少五年的时间才能推广到试验之外的人群。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“However,manypeopledon’trespondtothesetreatments,particularlyiftheirconditionisadvanced,saysCourtine.(然而，许多人对这些治疗没有反应，特别是当他们的病情进展时，库尔蒂纳说。)”可知，Courtine的团队设计这个装置是因为传统的治疗方法对许多人特别是病情严重的人帮助不大。故选A。【33题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“TheresearchersfirsthadtomaptheneuronsinMarc’sspine.Thishelpedtoguidetheapplicationofstimulatorssotheywouldonlytargethislegs’neurons.TheythenplacedsensorsonMarc’slegsandshoestomonitortheelectricalactivityoftheneuronsthatactivatethemusclesintheselimbsandhisfeet.Whenthesesensorsdetectedthiselectricalactivity,theyactivatedthestimulators.(研究人员首先必须绘制出马克脊柱中的神经元。这有助于指导刺激器的应用，使它们只针对他腿上的神经元。然后，他们在马克的腿和鞋子上安装了传感器，以监测激活四肢和脚上肌肉的神经元的电活动。当这些传感器检测到这种电活动时，它们就会激活刺激器。)”可知，本段主要介绍了这种装置的治疗过程。故选A。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Afterthreemonths’trainingusingthestimulators,Marcmoreorlessstoppedexperiencingpacefreezing.(在使用刺激器训练三个月后，马克或多或少地停止了速度冻结。)”和最后一段“ThestimulationispersonalisedtoMarc.(这种刺激是为马克量身定做的。)”可知，这个装置是为