北京四合院（原卷版）-2025中考时文阅读专项训练

23北京四合院

四合院的文化意义

四合院是中国传统建筑的重要形式之一，具有深厚的历史文化意义。在北京这座历史文

化名城中，四合院更是占有着不可替代的地位，既是北京古城区传统居住建筑的代表，又是

中国传统建筑文化的瑰宝之一。

四合院与北京历史文化的关系

北京作为中国古代重要城市，自元朝以来就成为了中国政治、文化、经济中心之一。在

历经数百年的演变发展中，北京形成了独具特色的历史文化风貌，四合院就是其中的重要代

表之一。四合院建筑始于元代，至明清时期达到鼎盛，是北京历史文化的重要组成部分。

首先，四合院是北京历史文化的重要见证。四合院在北京的历史发展过程中扮演了重要

的角色，是北京传统居住建筑的代表之一，记录了北京人民几百年来的生活和文化，是北京

历史文化的见证。四合院中所体现的社会结构、生活方式、文化特征等，都具有非常重要的

历史价值，为后人研究了解北京古代文化提供了重要资料。

其次，四合院是北京文化的重要代表。北京是中国的文化中心之一，拥有悠久的文化历

史和独特的文化传统。四合院建筑既融合了汉族传统建筑的风格特征，也吸收了外来文化的

精华，形成了独特的北京风格，是北京文化的重要代表之一。在四合院的建筑结构、建筑材

料、装饰艺术等方面，都体现了北京文化的独特魅力。

北京四合院作为中国传统建筑的代表之一，具有深厚的历史文化底蕴和建筑艺术价值。

作为北京历史文化的重要组成部分，四合院不仅体现了城市化进程中的建筑演变和文化传承,

同时也承载了传统文化的精神内涵，成为了当代人们重要的文化资源和精神财富。

一、阅读理解

A

©WalkinginthehutongsofBeijing,you'llseeayardwiththehousesandwallsonthe

foursides.Itiscalled"Siheyuan”,atraditionalbuildinginChina.meanseast,west,southand

northand"he"showsthetraditionalvaluesofChinesefamilies.

@Thebiggatewaspaintedred,becauseredisthesymbolofluckandhappiness.Behind

thegate,alargescreenwallwouldstand.InthecenteroftheSiheyuan,thecourtyardwasplanted

withtreesandflowers,withtwostonypathsleadingtothehousesoneachside.

（3）Thewholebuildingusuallyfacessouth,withamainroomonthenorthernside,an

oppositeroominthesouth,andeasternandwesternwings（厢房）oneachside.Theoldusually

liveinthemainroomwhichhasgoodlightingandtemperatureallyearround,whiletheyoung

wouldliveinotherwings.

④Today,influencedbysocialchanges,mosthouseshavebeentakendownwhilethe

othersthatremaintillthesedaysaremostlyimprovedtomakethemfitfortoday'smodemliving.

ThismakesSiheyuanavaluablememoryoftheoldBeijingcity.

©Luckily,architects（建筑!）市）havebeentryingtoachieveaperfectmixofthemodern

andthetraditionalculture.Forexample,theplacewhereathletesstayedduringthe2022Winter

OlympicsinBeijingweredesignedintheshapeofSiheyuan.

⑥Siheyuan'ssymmetry（对称的）designandsharedspacesshowthevaluesdeepin

Chinesepeople'shearts,suchasbeliefinbalanceandtheimportanceoffamilyandrespectfor

olderpeople.Nomatterhowsocietyhaschanged,SiheyuanisalwaysseenasasymbolofChina's

richculture.WhenyoucometoBeijing,dovisitaSiheyuantofeeltheheartoftheBeijing's

culture!

1.Inwhatcolumn（栏目）canyoureadthepassageinthenewspaper?

A.Natureandanimal.B.Foodandhealth.C.Scienceand

technology.D.Travelandculture.

2.WhichpositionshowswheretheoldpeopleliveinSiheyuan?

A.①B.（2）C.（3）D.（4）

3.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?

A."Si"meansfourdirectionsand"he"meanswealthandhappiness.

B.ThebiggateofSiheyuanisusuallypaintedred,greenandblack.

C.MostoftheSiheyuanaren'tkeptwellbecauseofsocialchanges.

D.Siheyuanshowstheimportanceoffamilyandcarefortheyoung.

4.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthispassage?

瓦啾欣唳娶

瓦睫itislike,

Howitdevelopstoday

Whatmltiiralvab'w*itshows>

Para.6J

B

BeijingsiheyuanisatraditionalhouseinChina."Si"meansthefourdirections（方向）一east,

west,southandnorth."He"meansthatthehousesislikeaChinesecharacter"口”.Beijing

siheyuanhasahistoryofover800years.

Thehousesarebuiltinaspecialway.Siheyuanhasfourparts.Themainhouse,theside

houses,thereverse-facinghouse（彳到座房）andthescreenwall.Theyareconnected（连接）with

wallsandformasquarecourtyard（庭院）inthecentre.

Thehouseonthenorthisthemainhouse.Thehousesontheeastsideandthewestsideare

sidehouses.Thehouseonthesouthisthereverse-facinghouse.Themainhouseisusuallyforthe

oldortheheadofthefamily.Themainhouseisoftenbiggerandbetterthantheotherhouses.The

roomsinthemainhousearebigandbright.Thesidehousesarefortheyoung.Thekitchenandthe

studyareofteninthereverse-facinghouse.Youcancookorreadthere.

Thereisonlyonegateoutside.Behindthegateisthescreenwall.Chinesepeopleusually

makethescreenwallverybeautiful.Theythinkthatthescreenwallcankeepthemawayfrombad

luck.Siheyuanhelpsabigfamilylivetogetherhappily.

5.Howmanypartsdoesasiheyuanhousehave?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

6.Wheredoyoungpeopleliveinasiheyuanhouse?

A.Themainhouse.B.Thesidehouses.

C.Thereverse-facinghouse.D.Behindthegate.

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“study"mean?

A.Aroomforreading.B.Aroomforcooking.

C.Aroomforplaying.D.Aroomforhavingmeals.

8.WhyChinesepeoplemakethescreenwall?

A.Becausetheythinkitisbehindthegate.

B.Becausetheythinkitisverybeautiful.

C.Becausetheythinkitcanhelpthemlivetogether.

D.Becausetheythinkitcankeepthemawayfrombadluck.

9.Whafsthebesttitle（标题）ofthepassage?

A.ThehistoryofsiheyuanB.Howtobuildasiheyuan

C.BeijingsiheyuanD.AtraditionalhouseinChina

C

PeoplesaythattherealcultureofBeijingliesinthecultureofhutongandsiheyuan.How

trueitis!10

Hutongisthenameofasmallstreetbetweenrowsofsiheyuan.Inthepast,therewere

hundredsofsiheyuanaroundtheForbiddenCity.HItbecameverycommonduringthe

MingandQingDynasties.Itissaidthatby1949therewereasmanyas3,250hutongs.Butastime

wentby,thenumberfellgreatly.12Nowtherearenomorethan1,000andmostofthem

haveturnedintotouristattractionswithstreetfood,shopsandbars.

Inahutong,housesstayclosetooneanother,soitiseasyforlocalpeopletokeepintouch

withtheirneighbors.Youcanseepublicbathrooms,toiletsandshopssellingallkindsofthings

there.13Itisthemainwayforpeopletoimprovetheirrelationships.Whenyouenterthe

hutong,youcanfeelthedeepandwarmrelationshipsamongpeople.14

IfyouwanttoexplorethecultureandexperienceeatingandshoppinginBeijing,youshould

nevermissahutongtour.

A.In2003,only1,500wereleft.

B.Fewpeoplelikelivinghutongs.

C.Chattinghappilyisacommonscene.

D.HutongfirstappearedintheYuanDynasty.

E.TheyshowtheoldlifestyleofpeoplelivinginBeijing.

F.Youcanhardlyfindthisfeelinginotherplacesinthismodernworld.

D

还原句子阅读短文，从所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并将答案写在答题

卡（纸）的相应位置。其中有一个多余的选项。

AsiheyuanisakindoftraditionalhomeforChinesepeople.SiheyuaninBeijingarethe

mostcommonones.

Asiheyuanhasabigsquare（正方形的）courtyard（院子）inthecenter.15

SiheyuanfollowConfucian（儒家的）ideasofrespectingauthority（尊重权威）andthe

elderly.16Theeldestmemberofthefamilylivesthere.Theeastandwesthousesarefor

thesecondandthirdgenerations（一代人）.Thesouthbuildingisclosesttothegate.Itisusually

forservants（仆人）orguests.

Livinginasiheyuanhelpstokeepeveryfamilymemberclose.Astimewenton,siheyuan

alsobecamelikebigneighborhoodsformanydifferentfamilies.17

Today,tallbuildingshavereplaced（代替）manysiheyuan.18Nearly1,000ofthese

buildingswillbefeatured（被记录）inTheRecordsofBeijingSiheyuan（《北京四合院志》）.

A.Theysharedhappyandsadtimesinthesamecourtyard.

B.FamilymemberwithbadrelationshipwholiveinSiheyuanwillbecomeclose.

C.Therearefourbuildingsaroundthecourtyard.

D.Inordertoprotect（保护）them,thegovernmentdidacensus（普查）.

E.Thenorthmainhousegetsthemostsunshine.

E

Oldwaysofliving

SiheyuanisakindoftraditionalhomeforChinesepeople.ThosesiheyuaninBeijingarethe

mosttypical.

Asiheyuanhasabigsquare（正方形的）courtyard（院子）inthecenter.Therearefour

buildingsaroundtheyard.Usually,onesiheyuanisforonefamilytolivein.

SiheyuanfollowsConfucian（儒家的）ideasofrespectingauthority（权威）andtheold.The

northernmainhousereceivesthemostsunshine.Theeldestmemberofthefamilylivesthere.The

eastandwesthousesareforthesecondandthirdgenerations（一代人）.Thesouthernbuildingis

closesttothegate.Itisusuallyforservants（仆人）orguests.

Livinginasiheyuanhelpstokeepeveryfamilymemberclose.Astimewenton,siheyuan

alsobecameabigneighborhoodformanydifferentfamilies.Theysharelaughsandcriesinthe

sameyard.

Today,tallbuildingshavereplaced（代替）manysiheyuan.Inordertoprotectthem,the

governmenthasmadeacensus（普查）.Nearlyathousandofthesebuildingswillbecollectedin

TheRecordsofBeijingSiheyuan（《北京四合院志》）.

19.Asiheyuanhas_________inthecenter.

A.asmallcirclecourtyardB.abigsquarecourtyard

C.abigtreeD.manybuildings

20.Dotheeldestmembersofthefamilylivewithothermembersinasiheyuan?

A.Yes,theydo.B.No,theydon't.

C.Itdoesn'tsay.D.Wedon'tknow.

21.Theeldestmemberofthefamilylivesin________.

A.thenorthernmainhouseB.theeasthouse

C.thewesthouseD.thesouthernhouse

22.Thebuildingisclosesttothegate.

A.northernB.eastC.westD.southern

23.Livinginasiheyuanhelpsto.

A.savemoney

B.keepeveryfamilymemberclose

C.keepeachfamilymemberindependent

D.keepeveryneighborclose

F

IfyouwanttoknowrealBeijing,walkalongthestreetsofBeijingandvisitasiheyuan.As

traditionalbuildings,siheyuanismostlyseeninnorthernChina.

Atypicalsiheyuanhasabigsquarecourtyard（院子）withfourbuildingsonallfoursides.

Usually,onebigfamilyliveshere.ThedesignofasiheyuanfollowsConfucian（儒家的）ideasof

respectingauthority（权威）andtheold.Thenorthernmainhousegetsthemostsunshine,sothe

eldestmemberofthefamilylivesthere.Theeastandwestwinghousesareforchildrenand

grandchildren.Thesouthernbuildingisclosesttothedoorway.Itisusuallyforservants（彳卜人）or

guests.Livingunderthesameroofhelpstoformasstrongfamilybond（纽带）.Everyfamily

memberstaysclosebysharinglaughsandcriestogether.

Butnowadays（如今），youcan'tseemanyofthesetraditional,beautifulbuildings,butthere

aremanymodern,tallbuildingsinthisbigcity.ThenumberofsiheyuaninBeijinghasdropped

from40,000intheQingDynastyto3,000today.Inordertoprotectsiheyuan,thegovernment

（政府）willdosomething.

24.WherecanyoumostlyseesiheyuaninChina?

A.InnorthernChina.B.InsouthernChina.C.IneasternChina.D.InwesternChina.

25.Whocanliveinthenorthernmainhouse?

A.Theold.B.ChildrenC.ServantsD.Guests

26.Whathappenstosiheyuannowadays?

A.TherearemanysiheyuaninBeijing.B.Thereare40,000siheyuaninBeijing.

C.Siheyuanisbecominglessandless.D.Thegovernmentwillbuildmoresiheyua.

27.Whatmaythewritertalkaboutafterthelastparagraph?

A.Whoownsasiheyuan.B.Howtobuyasiheyuan.

C.Howtoprotectsiheyuan.D.Talkaboutmodernbuildings.

二、任务型阅读

阅读下面的短文，根据短文内容回答问题。

IfyouwanttoknowrealBeijing,walkalongthestreetsofBeijingandvisitasiheyuan.As

traditionalbuildings,siheyuanismostlyseeninnorthernChina.Atypicalsiheyuanhasabig

squarecourtyard（院子）withfourbuildingsonallfoursides.Usually,onebigfamilyliveshere.

ThedesignofasiheyuanfollowsConfucian（儒家的）ideasofrespectingauthority（敬畏权威）

andtheold.Thenorthernmainhousegetsthemostsunshine,sotheeldestfamilylivesthere.The

eastandwestwinghousesareforchildrenandgrandchildren.Thesouthernbuildingisclosestto

thedoorway.Itisusuallyforservants（仆人）orguests.Livingunderthesameroofhelpstoform

（形成）astrongfamilybond（纽带）.Everyfamilymemberstaysclosebysharinglaughsandcries

together.

Butnowadays,youcan'tseemanyofthesetraditional,beautifulbuildings,butthereare

manymodern,tallbuildingsinthisbigcity.ThenumberofsiheyuaninBeijinghasdroppedfrom

40,000intheQingDynastyto3,000today.Toprotectsiheyuan,thegovernment（政府）willdo

something.

28.Whereissiheyuanmostlyseen?

29.Whydoestheeldestfamilyliveinthenorthernmainhouse?

30.Whoisthesouthernbuilding