过去时态和语态-2024年高考英语一轮复习（学生版）

考点08过去时态和语态（核心考点精讲精练）

考情探究

i.三年真题考点分布

题型语法填空

高考考点过去时态和语态

2023

新高考I卷2022were一般过去时

2021was一般过去时

2023Wished一般过去时

wasfixing过去进行时

新高考II卷2022

threw一般过去时

2021was一般过去时

werepermitted一般过去时的被动语态

2023

featured一般过去时

浙江1月高考卷

2022

2021was一般过去时

2.命题规律及备考策略（高考语法填空命题：先选好主题语篇，然后再定语法考点，所以2023年新高考I卷，没

有考查动词时态和从句，因为语篇不具备考查素材，所以语法复习要全面。）

【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于过去时态和语态的考查共计9次，主要考查：

1.一般过去时的意义和构成；

2.过去进行时的意义和构成；

3.过去完成时的意义和构成；

4.过去时态的相关语态。

【备考策略】熟记过去时态的意义和构成，正确判断和使用过去时态和语态。

【命题预测】

2024年语法填空继续考查过去时态，主要集中考查一般过去时的语态和时态的判断及运用，同时兼顾其他过去

时态。

考点梳理

（不要粗略的总结，给你最全面、实用的考点总结）

考点1.一般过去时

必备基础知识：1.表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastyear,lastnight,theotherday,justnow,then,twodaysago,

in1999,atthattime等。

2.表示过去一段时间内完成的动作。

重难点知识：

1.表示过去经常、反复发生的动作。

2.在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示过去将来的动作。

3.常见句型：

①Itistimethatsb.shoulddo/didsth.

该到……的时候了

②Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since...didsth.

自从做某事已经一段时间了

③would/hadrathersb.didsth.

宁愿某人做某事

Itistimethatwetookactiontoprotectourenvironment.

该到我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。

AsfarasIknow,itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.

据我所知，他参军三年了。

④句中暗含有表示过去的时间状语。

Georgesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidn't.乔治说他会在第二天来学校看我，但

是他没有来。

☆典例引领

1.(2023•新高考II卷语法填空)Asalittlegirl,I65.(wish)tobeazookeeperwhenIgrewup.Now,Pm

livingoutthatdreamindirectlybyhelpingthepandakeepersdotheirjobinEnglish.

2.(20231月新高考浙江卷语法填空)Citizensofhighersocialclasses59(permit)toliveclosertothecenterof

thecircles.

3.(2023-1月新高考浙江卷语法填空)Thelargesiheyuanofthesehigh-rankingofficialsandwealthybusinessmenoften

(feature)beautifullycarvedandpaintedroofbeamsandpillars(柱子).

「即时检测

■■■■■■■■■■■

1.【2023•湖南省益阳市质量检测】Theearly1400swasagloriouserainChinesehistory.In1405,afleetofover200ships

navigatedtheblueseas,withalmost28,000peopleonboard.Thelargestships,which(be)over140meterslong,

demonstratedtheadvancedtechnologyandspecialskillsinconstructingships.

2.【2023•湖南省益阳市质量检测】Formanyyears,somehistoriansdismissedtherecordsoftheseexplorationsaslegends.

Thefinalproofcamewhenanenormousshipyard(discover)inNanjing,wherethefleethadbeenbuilt.

3.【2023・内蒙古包头市高三调研】Itwashisuncle,adoctor,that(save)him.

考点2.过去进行时

必备基础知识：过去进行时的构成为“was/were+doing"。表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。

重难点知识：1.表示运动和位置移动的动词可以用过去进行时表示过去将来时。这类动词主要有leave,start,

arrive,go,come等。

2.表示某一动作发生时另一动作正在进行。

3.表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作，此用法常见动词有go,begin,leave,arrive,come,return

等。

Iwascomingtovisityoulaterthatday,butIhadtophoneandcancel.

我本打算那天晚些时候去看你，但是我不得不打电话取消了。

☆典例引领

[2022年新高考全国II卷】Henry(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichanging

fromthebalcony.

即时检测

________

1.(2023•天津市新华中学高三一模)However,asI(leave),thedirectorofthefilmcameoverandhandedmehis

card.

2.(2023•河北省秦皇岛市高三检测)1forcedmyselftostepforwardandimmediatelystumbledoveratoyandtheboywho

(play)withit.

知识点3.过去完成时

必备基础知识：过去完成时的构成为“had+done”。表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态，即过

去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语(before,after,by,uptill),这种时态从来

不孤立使用。

重难点知识：1.动词hope,expect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,plan用过去完成时，表示未实现的

愿望、打算和意图。

2.在“hardly(scarcely)...when...,nosooner...than...”句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意

思为“一...就……

3.by,bytheend,bythetime,until,before,since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句，主句用过去完成时。

4.表示“第几次做某事”，主句用过去时，从句用过去完成时。

典例引领

■■■■■■■■■■■

1.[2020•海南卷]TheyenjoyedhearingaboutalltheforbiddenfruitI(collect).

2.【2020•浙江卷】Byabout6000BC,people61.(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.

-即时检测

■■■■■■■■■■■

1.(2023•浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟联考)OnSunday,theCommercialAircraftCorporationofChinaannounced

thattheC919aircraft(complete)allsixtestflights.

2.(2023•河北省邯郸市高三阶段测试)Bytheendofmytrip,IcouldtellthatI(make)progressinmy

Portuguese,thankstothem.

知识点4.过去将来时

必备基础知识：1.过去将来时构成：①should,would+do；@was/were+goingtodo；(3)was/were(about)todo

2.过去将来时的用法：表示从过去某时看将要发生的事，或表示过去习惯性的动作，它常用在宾语从句中。

Shesaidthatshewouldmeetusatthegate.她说她会在大门口和我们会合。

Ididn'tknowifshewasgoingtoseeusoff.我不知道她会不会为我们送行。

WheneverIhadtroublethen.hewouldheldme.

那时每当我遇到困难，他总是帮助我。

Shesaidshewoulddropinwhenshehadtime.

她说她有时间会来拜访的。

重难点知识：在时间、条件状语从句中过去将来时还可用一般过去式代替非真实的动作或状态。

IfIwereyou,IwouldstudyFrench.如果我是你，我会学法语。

(在英国第一人称用should,其他人称用would；在美国所有人称均用would。)

☆典例引领

We(be)backinthehotelnowifyoudidn'tlosethemap.

即时检测

AlbertEinsteinwasbornin1879.Asachild,fewpeopleguessedthatheafamousscientistwhosetheorieswould

changetheworld.

A.hasbeenB.hadbeenC.wasgoingtobeD.was

【关键能力】

动词时态与语法填空：在语法填空中，动词的时态是必考内容。

［应对策略］

1.句中若缺少谓语，注意要考虑所给动词的时态和语态。判断时态首先要确定时间，然后根据动作发生的状

态来判断应该运用哪种时态。有时也可以根据空格后和该句中已经存在的谓语动词的并列关系来确定时态。

2.句中缺少谓语，且与主语存在被动关系，考虑根据时间和动作存在的方式，确定相应时态的被动语态。注

意只有及物动词才有被动语态。

3.在确定谓语动词的时态和语态时，我们可从四个方面来进行判断：

(1)看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句。

(2)看上下文的谓语动词的形式。

(3)看是否是特殊的句型。如：

①was/wereabouttodo...when...did...

②Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since从句(一般过去时)

③It/This/Thatisthefirsttimethat...have/hasdone…或It/This/Thatwasthefirsttimethat...haddone...

④It's(hightime)that...did/shoulddo...

⑤Hardlyhad++done...when...did...Nosoonerhad+H£in+done...than...did...

这样的句型还有很多，平时要注意积累。

(4)看与主语存在主动关系还是被动关系。若是被动，还需看所给词是否为及物动词，是否考查主动表被动等。

(5)注意主谓是否一致。

典例引领

1.（2020•新课标I卷语法填空）TheunmannedChang?e-4probe（探测器）一thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinese

moongoddess61.（touch）downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.

2.（2020•新课标III卷语法填空）65（When/As）heaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthe

legendary（传奇的）artist,theysmiledand66.（point）downtheriver.

•好题冲关

基础过关

（最新模拟试题演练）

1.（2023•江苏省四所名校高三期中联考）BorninHangzhouin1911,QianwenttotheUnitedStatesforfurtherstudiesin

1935.SoonasapioneerinAmericanjetandrockettechnology,heandhiscolleagues37（found）theJet

PropulsionLaboratoryinthe1940s,nowoneofNASA'sleadingspace-explorationcentres.

2.（2023•江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二）Qi,anall-roundartist,61（bear）toafamilyoffarmersinHunan

in1864.

3.（2023、江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二）Theyearsspentinruralareas63（sow）inhimadeep-rootedlove

ofnature.

4.（2023•山西省高三1月适应性调研考试（一模））Thenewrocketwillbe90meterstall,andabletolift27tonnesof

payload（有效载荷）tothelunarorbit,CGTNlearnedfromtheAirshowChinaheldinsouthChina'sZhuhaiCityearlierthis

month,duringwhichamodeloftherocket（display）.

5.（2023•河北省五个一名校联盟摸底）Actually,BingDwenDwen（select）tobethemascotoftheBeijing2022

WinterOlympicsin2019frommorethan5,800entriessubmittedfrom35countries.

6.（2023•云南省昆明市高三摸底测试）In2006,Beckham（name）ajudgefortheBritishBookAwards.

7.（2023•江苏省淮安市涟水县第一中学第二次阶段检测）Inadditiontotraditionalwinterattractionslikehotspringsand

skiingvenues,botanicalgardensandlocaltemplefairsbecamepopularchoices.Thepeoplewhocouldn'treturnhomewere

givenachancetogettoknowmoreabouttheplaceswherethey（lead）alife.

8.（2023•江苏省南京市第一中学质量检测）Theguideline（release）earlyonThursdaybyfivecentral

departmentstosolvepracticalproblemsthatarebeingfacedtodayandareonthehorizonamongemployeesandemployers

inthegigeconomy（零工经济）.

9.（2023•江苏省南通市如皋市统考）WhenIfirstheardabouttheEuropeanSummerCourseorganizedbytheEuropean

AcademyOtzenhausen,Iwasimmediatelyattractedtotheopportunity.Iexcitedly（submit）myapplicationinApril

withouthesitation.

10.（2023•江苏省南京师范大学附属中学月考）In1985,therewaslittlerainfallinEthiopia,which41（lead）to

poorharvestsandthedeathofmanyofthecountry'scattle.BobGeldoforganizedacharityconcerttohelpthevictims.In

wrestlingwiththedilemmaofworldwidehunger,theUnitedNationssetupanagency,calledtheWorldFoodProgramme.

11.（2023•青海省西宁市高三上学期一模）OntheeveningofSeptember1,2020,"FirstClassfortheNewTerm”

（broadcast）onCCTV-1.Thisyear's"FirstClassfortheNewTerm^^takes“strongyouth,strongChina^^asthe

theme,andfocusesonthethreechaptersof'"responsibility,unityandscience^^throughmanyimportantguestsincluding

ZhongNanshan,ZhangBoli,ZhangDingyu,ChenWeiandXieJun.

12.（2023•江苏省涟水县第一中学第一次阶段检测）Whenshefoundouttheuniversityofferedfreetuitiontosenior

citizens,Shanmuganathansaidsheimmediatelyknewitwasherlastchancetomakeherdreamofstudyingpoliticalscience

cometrue.Shebeganherstudiesin2019and（continue）throughoutthepandemic（流行病）.

13.（2023-山西省三重教育联考）Withliondances,Chinesekungfu,Chinesecrosstalk,songsanddances,studentsfrom

acrossNewZealandshowedtheirChineselanguageabilityintheannual"'ChineseBridge“event.Fifteensecondaryschool

studentsandtwoprimaryschoolstudentsparticipatedintheeventorganizedbytheConfuciusInstituteinAuckland.The

eventwasaprelude（序幕）totheNewZealandChineseLanguageWeek2022,whichopenedinlateSeptember.TheWeek

（launch）essentiallyasanotherwaytotrytobridgetheculturalgapbetweenthetwocountries.

14.（2023•山西省三重教育联考）ElijahGrievefromtheLincolnHighSchoolstartedlearningChinesewhenhewas

eleven.Itwashisfifthtimethathe（participate）inthe“ChineseBridge^^.

15.（2023•浙江省杭州市一模）Overthenextthreeorfourmillionyears,thebluewhalesgrew10timesbiggerthanthey

（be）,thescientistssay.

16.（2023•江苏省南通徐州市等5地高三三模）Chinaisknownasthehomeoftea.ItissaidthatShennongdiscovertea

around2700B.C.Atfirst,tealeaves（chew）.

17.（2023•浙江省91高中联盟年高三5月高考模拟）AmongthecivilianteamsthatleftforTurkeyonWednesday

（be）BlueSkyRescue,anonprofitChinesecivilianorganization,whosememberscomefromprovincial-level

regionsofChina.

18.（2023•山东省齐鲁名校大联盟高三三模）About385,000peoplefrom192countriestakepartintheyearlyprojectto

countbirds.Theevent（launch）forthefirsttime25yearsago.

19.（2023•广东省揭阳市跨市区校高三5月联考）In2013,she（cast）astheleaddancerintwodanceperformances

inthegalafeast.

20.（2023•重庆市第八中学校月考）OnarrivalinParis,constantlyI（remind）oftheofficialprocessesIhadto

complete.

21.（2023•湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学模拟）Concludedbyancestorsfromtheshiftingweathersandagricultural

production,Lichun（regard）asaguideforsowingandplowinginancientChina.

22.（2023河北省石家庄部分重点高中联考）Researchersalsoaddedapiecetothepuzzleofoneoftheworld'smost

mysteriousanimalmigrationsand（witness）therecordimpactofanunderwatereruption.

23.（2023•广东省大联考）Anotherreasonisthatscienceisforeveryone,nomatterwhetheryou（participate）in

scienceornotinthepast.Thecitizenscienceisdevotedtomakingscienceinclusivetoallandensuringthateveryperson

hastherightandtheopportunitytoparticipateinscience.

24.（2023•重庆市名校一诊）WetandwindyweatheracrossFloridadelayedtheirhomecoming.SpaceXandNASAfinally

gavetheall-clearonFriday,andthethreeAmericansandoneItalian（depart）theInternationalSpaceStation,their

residencesinceApril.

25.（2023•浙江省金华十校模拟）LakePowell,thesecondlargesthuman-madereservoir（水库）intheUS,haslostnearly

7%ofitspotentialstoragecapacitysinceit（build）in1963.

能力提升

【2023•浙江省台州市高三第二次教学质量评估】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词

的正确形式。

Withahistoryofmorethan2,000years,theSilkRoutedatesbacktoHandynasty.Throughthisroute,theChinese

highly](qualify)silkmadeitsfametothewesterncountries.Themerchantsindifferentregions2(seek)the

opportunityoftradingChinesesilk3theyindeedmadetheirfortunealongthisroute.Thatroutefunctioned4

thelifebloodofinternationaltradeatthattime.Meanwhile,theChinesecivilization5(introduce)totheWestern

countriesandviceversa.TheSilkRoutewasconsideredasanewchapter6(record)thefriendshipbetweenthe

EuropeanandAsianpeoples.

Throughoutalltheseyears,manygreatfigureshavemadesignificantcontributionstothedevelopmentoftheSilk

Route.Today,theSilkRoutehasa7(poet)namecalledOneBeltOneRoad,aimingtohelpthoseconnectedregions

incultureandeconomyexchangewithamoreadvancedroad.Themaincitiesalongsideitarebecoming8(large)and

moreimportantinhelpingtradeandcultureexchange.Manycountrieshavegainedgreat9(benefit)alongthetrading

process.Allinall,theancientSilkRoadismorelike10historicaltextbookforeveryonetoreadandtoknowabout

whathappenedduringthatancienttime.Ithasbeenplayingasignificantroleinthedevelopmentofthecivilizationsof

China.

真题感知

1.(2023•新高考II卷语法填空)Asalittlegirl,I65.(wish)tobeazookeeperwhenIgrewup.Now,Vm

livingoutthatdreamindirectlybyhelpingthepandakeepersdotheirjobinEnglish.

2.(2023-1月新高考浙江卷语法填空)Citizensofhighersocialclasses59(permit)toliveclosertothecenterof

thecircles.

3.(2023-1月新高考浙江卷语法填空)Thelargesiheyuanofthesehigh-rankingofficialsandwealthybusinessmenoften

(feature)beautifullycarvedandpaintedroofbeamsandpillars(柱子).

4.(2023•全国乙卷语法填空)Havingvisitedseveraltimesoverthelast10years,I67.(amaze)bythe

co-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遗产)whileconstantlygrowing.

5.【2022•新高考I卷】Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat38(be)previously

unprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessand

reduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.

6.【2022•全国高考乙卷】ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety43(address)theopeningceremony.

7.[2022年新高考全国II卷】Henry42(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichanging

fromthebalcony.

8.[2022年新高考全国II卷】HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.Hequickly43(throw)histools

aside,andstartedrunning,armsout.

9.(2021新课标I卷)Youcan'thelpwonderinghowhardit(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksinto

place.

10.(2021新课标II卷)WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I'dsendanemail.OneofthebiggestcompaniesI

wroteto(be)AlaskaAirlinesParis.

11.(2021全国甲卷)TheXi'anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina*slonghistory.It

(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修复).

12.(2021全国甲卷)We(hire)ourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.

13.（2021年浙江卷）Mary*sniecewrote,nThelittlehome（paint）white.Itwassweetandfresh.Maryloved

it.

14.（2021年浙江卷）AfterLincolnwaselectedPresidentoftheUSin1861,theyrentedthehouseand（sell）

mostoftheirfurniture.

15.（2021年浙江卷1月）Thestudyfoundthatbetween1985and2017,averageruralBMIincreasedby2.1inwomenand

men.Incities,however,thegain41（be）1.3inwomenand1.6inmen.

16.（2020新课标I卷）TheunmannedChang?e-4probe（探测器）一thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoon

goddess一（touch）downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.

17.（2020新课标III卷）Theartistwassurehewould（choose）,butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetothe

emperor'schiefminister,theoldnanlaughed.

18.（2020新课标III卷）Whenheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary（传奇的）

artist,theysmiledand（point）downtheriver.

19.（2020ill东卷）The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,（form）thecorecollectionofthe

BritishMuseumwhichopenedin1759.

20.（2020北京卷）TheNeanderthals（live）alongsidehumanancestorsinEuropefortensofthousandsofyears,

beforedyingoutabout40,000yearsago.

21.（2020浙江卷）And,asmorechildrenwerebom,morefood（need）.

22.（2020浙