第一部分 必修第一册 UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD

第一部分过透教材必修第一册UNIT5LANGUAGESAROUNDTHEWORLDContents基础帮默写自测教材帮核心突破高考帮题型对接练习帮课时提能01Loremipsumdolorsitamet,consecteturadipisicingelit.目录

基础默写Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形1.

n.十亿2.

adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的

n.本地人3.

n.态度；看法4.

n.体系；制度；系统5.

prep.即使；尽管6.

n.因素；要素billion

native

attitude

system

despite

factor

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ7.

n.方式；方法；途径8.

adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的n.经典作品；名著9.

n.尊重；关注vt.把······视为；看待10.

n.文字；符号；角色；品质；特点11.

n.公共事务；事件；关系12.

adj.特定的；明确的；具体的13.

n.&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗14.

n.地铁15.

n.公寓套房16.

n.词汇character

affair

specific

struggle

subway

apartment

vocabulary

means

classic

regard

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅡ.拓展单词——通其变1.

vi.提到；参考；查阅

vt.查询；叫······求助于→

n.提

到；参考2.

vt.以······为据点；以······为基础

n.底部；根据→

adj.以(某事)

为基础的；以······为重要部分(或特征)的→

adj.基本的；基础的

→

adv.从根本上说→

n.准则；方式；基础3.

n.符号；象征→

adj.象征性的；作为象征的

→

vt.是······的象征4.

vt.&vi.变化；改变→

n.(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样

化→

adj.不同的；各种各样的refer

reference

base

based

basic

basically

basis

symbol

symbolic

symbolize

vary

variety

various/varied

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ5.

adj.主要的；重要的；大的

n.主修课程；主修学生

vi.主修；专门研究

→

n.大多数→

n.少数6.

n.球体；地球仪；地球→

adj.全球的；全世界的

→

adv.全球地→globalisationn.全球化7.

vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi.增值→

n.欣赏；感

激；感谢8.

vt.恳求；祈求；哀求→

n.乞丐9.

n.同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的→

n.平等；相等

→

adv.同样地；相等地；平均地major

majority

minority

globe

global

globally

appreciate

appreciation

beg

beggar

equal

equality

equally

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ10.

n.要求；需求

vt.强烈要求；需要

vi.查问→

⁠

adj.要求高的11.

vt.描述→

n.描写(文字)；形容12.

vt.联系；讲述→

adj.相关的；有联系的→

⁠

n.关系demand

demanding

describe

description

relate

related

relation

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅢ.阅读单词——晓其意1.bone

n.

⁠2.shell

n.

⁠3.carve

vt.&vi.

⁠4.dynasty

n.

⁠5.dialect

n.

⁠6.calligraphy

n.

⁠7.tongue

n.

⁠8.semester

n.

⁠9.petrol

n.

⁠10.pants

n.

⁠11.gap

n.

⁠骨头；骨(质)

壳；壳状物雕刻王朝；朝代地方话；方言书法；书法艺术舌头；语言学期汽油内裤；短裤；裤子间隔；开口；差距ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅣ.核心短语——明搭配1.

追溯到2.

观点；看法3.referto

⁠4.upsanddowns

⁠5.at/inthebeginning

⁠6.dependon

⁠7.relateto

⁠8.takeon

⁠dateback(to...)

pointofview

指的是；描述；提到；查阅浮沉；兴衰；荣辱起初取决于；依靠与······相关；涉及；谈到承担；呈现；雇用；装载ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤⅤ.经典句式——会运用1.Thatwritingsystem

⁠inunitingtheChinesepeopleand

culture.(＂beof＋名词＂结构)那个书写体系对中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非凡的意义。2.Itwasexerciseforthebrain；

⁠

.(themore...，themore...)这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言的了解越多，我的大脑就发育得越好。wasofgreatimportance

themoreIlearntofalanguage，themoremybrain

wouldgrow

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ3.Eventoday，

orwhatdialecttheyspeak，

theycanallstillcommunicateinwriting.(nomatterwhere引导状语从句)即使在今天，不管住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进

行交流。4.IusedtogethighmarksinEnglish，butnowI’m

⁠

.(havetroublewithsth.)我过去英语经常能考高分，但现在我在听力方面有很多困难。5.Therearemanyreasons

，butoneofthemainfactors

hasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.(thereasonwhy...)这成为可能有很多原因，其中一个主要因素是中国的书写体系。nomatterwhereChinesepeoplelive

havingalotoftroublewithmy

listening

whythishasbeenpossible

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅤ语境自测Ⅰ.单词拼写(用本单元词汇)1.

(尽管)thechallenges，ourteamtakeanoptimisticattitudetoourwork.2.Thedesignreducestheneedfortraditionalairconditioningandheating

(系

统)，sothebuildinguseslessenergyandcostslesstorun.3.TheareawhereIgrewuphasbeenallmodernizedandhaslostallits

old

(特点).4.Shehassuchapositive

⁠towardslifethatsheisnotafraidtofaceany

unexpectedchallenge.Despite

systems

character

attitude

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ5.Examsarenottheonly

ofassessingastudent’sability，whichisaffected

bymanyfactors.6.Thepeopleofthiscountrywillcontinueintheir

⁠forindependence.7.Tofightagainst

warming，scientistsareworkingonenergy-saving

measurestoreducefuelconsumption.8.Thisisaverydifficultpieceofmusictoplay—it

⁠alotofconcentration.9.TheGreatWall，a

ofChina，isamust-seeattractionfortouristsfrom

homeandabroad.10.Night-Shining

White，nowkeptinNewYork’sMetropolitanMuseumofArt，

is

⁠asoneofthemostsignificanthorsepaintingsinthehistoryofChineseart.

means

struggle

global

demands

symbol

regarded

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅡ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.

totherelated

material，youwillfinishthetasksmoothly.

(refer)2.Heexpressedhis

(appreciate)formyshowinghimaroundthecity，

andsaidthecitywasbeautifulbeyond

(describe).3.Thereare

goodsinthesupermarket，andtherich

⁠

attractsmanycustomers.Besides，thepriceisquitereasonable，

⁠fromcents

todollars.(vary)4.

speaking，theoryis

onpractice，somakesureyourplancan

becarriedoutonapractical

.(base)Referring

reference

appreciation

description

various/varied

variety

varying

Basically

based

basis

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ5.Thegoodthingaboutourbossisthatsheregardsusallas

，andweare

treated

intheworkplace.(equal)6.Mostpeopleagreethatthereisacause-effect

⁠betweenobesityand

unhealthyeating.Inotherwords，yourhealthis

towhatyoueat.(relate)7.The

(major)ofapplicantsthoughtthejobwas

(demand)，

buttheystillwantedtohaveatry.equals

equally

relation

related

majority

demanding

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅢ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子referto

relateto

datebacktoupsanddowns

takeon

dependon1.PeoplespeakEnglishindifferentpartsoftheworld.Thesamewordscanbeusedin

differentways，

whereyoulive.2.Thewriterandprofessor，whomI

atthemeeting，isfamousforthese

excellentworks.3.Inthepasttenyears，greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmylovelyhometown，

makingit

⁠anewlook.depending

on

referredto

takeon

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ4.It’scommonthatwemayexperiencesome

⁠onourwaytobeing

anadult.Butallofthemaresuretomakeusbetterandstronger.5.Inanarticle，eachtopicsentenceshould

⁠thetitle.6.Inourvillagestoodatemple

⁠theTangDynasty.upsanddowns

relateto

datingbackto

ⅠⅡⅢⅣⅣ.句式仿写1.清晨早起对我们的健康非常有益。(＂beof＋名词＂结构)Gettingupearlyinthemorningis

⁠toourhealth.2.起初我以为我明白了老师说的话，但是他越解释我就变得越迷惑。(themore...，

themore...)AtfirstIthoughtIunderstoodwhatmyteachersaid，but

⁠

⁠.ofgreatbenefit

themoreheexplained，the

moreconfusedIbecame

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ3.不管毕业后我去哪里，我都会珍惜我们的友谊并且永远想念你。(nomatterwhere

引导状语从句)

，Iwillcherishourfriendshipandmissyou

forever.4.如果你在公众演讲方面有困难，请尽管找我帮忙。(havetroublewithsth.)Ifyou

，pleasefeelfreetoturntomeforhelp.5.你需要对每一本小说作出客观的评价，并且解释你推荐它们的原因。(thereason

why...)Youneedtomakeobjectivecommentsoneachnovelandexplainthereason

⁠

⁠.NomatterwhereIgoaftergraduation

havetroublewithpublicspeaking

whyyou

recommendthem

ⅠⅡⅢⅣ

1.What’syournativelanguage？MymothertongueisChinese.No

matter

whereI

live，IregardChinesecharactersasthemostbeautifulwords.Oneofthemainfactors

hasbeentheChinesewritingsystem.Atthebeginning，writtenChinesewasbasedon

pictures.Itdates

back

totheuseofanimalbonesandshellsonwhichsymbolswere

carved.Astimewentby，

varietiesofcharacterswereformed.AfterEmperor

Qinshihuangunitedthesevenmajorstatesintooneunifiedcountry，theChinesewriting

systembegantodevelopinonedirection.Inmoderntimes，writtenChinesehasbecome

animportantmeansofconnectingthepresentwiththepast.Besides，asChinaplaysa

greaterroleinglobal

affairs，moreforeignersbegintoappreciateChineseculture.2.Tolearnaspecificforeignlanguagewelldemandsawidevocabulary，whichis

reallyastruggleformanylearnersthoughmostofthetimetheycanrefer

toadictionary.

However，frommypoint

of

view，

despitethegreatdifficulty，learninganother

languageisagoodthing，throughwhichwecanreadothercountries’classicsandlearn

differentculturesofequalbeauty.

1.base

vt.以······为据点；把(总部等)设在；以······为基础

n.底部；根据1.[外研选必③-4]Thetechnologyyou’reusingandenjoyingtodayisa

(base)

formofAIwhichcan’tthinkindependentlywithoutprogramming.2.[北师选必③-8]Histravelswerethe

(base)forhisworksofmorethan2，000

poems，ofwhichapproximately1，800arestillreadtoday.3.为了鼓励学生定期锻炼，我们学校特举办此次活动。(活动目的)

，ourschoolspeciallyholdsthis

activity.basic

basis

Toencouragestudentstoexerciseonaregularbasis

4.Thenovelwasbasedonaninterestingstoryandithadalargeaudience.

(分词作状语)★bebasedon/upon以······为基础；依据······★basisn.基础，根据，基准onthebasisof根据onadaily/regularbasis每天/定期★basicadj.基本的，基础的Basedonaninterestingstory，thenovelhadalargeaudience.

句意：我崇敬耐力、毅力、勤奋、才能；因为这些是人类达到伟大目的的方式······

2.means

n.方式；方法；途径1.[外研选必①-2]Ihonourendurance，perseverance，industry，talent；because

thesearethemeans

whichmenachievegreatends...by

教师尊享·点拨

(1)means单复数同形，同类的名词还有deer(鹿)，sheep(绵羊)，species(物种)，

Chinese，Japanese等。

(2)means作主语，由every，each等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式；由all，

several，many等修饰时，谓语动词用复数形式。2.Everymeans

(try)，butwestillcan’tfindapossiblesolution.hasbeentried

教师尊享·点拨3.要想学好汉语，就不要害怕跟当地人沟通，只有这样你才能取得进步。(建议信)TolearnChinesewell，youshouldn’tbeafraidtocommunicatewithlocalpeople，

and

(means).★ameansof(doing)sth.(做)某事的方法(means单复数同形)★bymeansof用；依靠；通过byallmeans当然可以(口语)bynomeans决不；一点也不(位于句首，句子要部分倒装)★用这种方法：bythismeans，inthisway，inthismanner，withthismethodonlybythismeanscanyoumakeprogress

1.[外研选必②-5]Someoftheplantsandanimalshavesurvivedmillionsofyears，and

areregarded

livingfossils.2.[人教选必③-3]Dozensofpollutingenterpriseswereclosedormoved.Thelocal

governmentsetupstrictregulations

(regard)furtherindustrialdevelopment.as

regarding

3.regard

n.尊重；关注

vt.把······视为；看待

(1)regarding是介词，意为＂关于＂。近年的考情如下：☆[2022北京]RegardingJohnson’sconcerns，theauthorfeelssympathetic.☆[2021新高考Ⅰ]Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfarahead

ofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport，theoveralleffects...

(2)与此用法类似的是concern(v.涉及，使担忧)→concerning(prep.关于，涉及)，

include(v.包括)→including(prep.包括······在内)教师尊享·点拨3.汉字被认为是中国文化的代表，具有特别重要的地位。(中国文化)→①Chinesecharacters

therepresentativeofChinesecultureand

enjoyaparticularlyimportantposition.→②

therepresentativeofChineseculture，Chinesecharactersenjoya

particularlyimportantposition.(分词短语作状语)★regard/lookon/consider/view...as...把······视为······★giveregardstosb.向某人致意

in/withregardto关于

★regardingprep.关于areregardedas

Regardedas

4.appreciate

vt.欣赏；重视；感激(be

grateful)；领会，意识到(realize)

vi.增值1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的词性及含义①[译林必修③-3]Bestofall，Ibegantoappreciatethebeautyinlifewithmyowneyes，

insteadofthroughmysmartphonecamera.

⁠②Wehaven’tfullyappreciatedthattherearemanymisunderstandingsbecauseoflanguage

barriers.

⁠③Ican’tthankhimenoughforsharingtheexperienceandmakingmeappreciatethefamily

memberswhohavemademethepersonwhoIam.

⁠vt.欣赏vt.领会，意识到vt.感激2.[人教选必②-1]Hisdeep

(appreciate)forartoftengavehiminspiration

inhisscientificresearch.3.Ireallyappreciatehim

(offer)tohelpme，butIamsurethatIwillbeable

tofinishthistaskbymyself.4.如果你能给我一些实用的建议，我将不胜感激。(appreciate)(求助信)

⁠★appreciate(sb./sb’s)doingsth.感激(某人)做某事Iwouldappreciateitif...假如······，我将不胜感激。★appreciationn.欣赏；感激express/conveyone’sappreciationtosb.表达对某人的感激之情

appreciation

offering

Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldgivemesomepracticalsuggestions.

5.equal

n.同等的人；相等物

adj.相同的；同样的

vt.比得上，敌得过1.Allmenarebornequal.Manywomenareequal

anychallengejustasmen，so

theyhopetobetreated

(equal)inthejobmarket，whichIbelieveisan

unstoppablesocialtrend.2.要积极向上、心情愉快，因为你的心理健康和身体健康同等重要。Bepositiveandcheerful，for

⁠

.(beof＋抽象名词)to

equally

yourmentalhealthisofequalimportancetoyour

physicalhealth

3.我确信我可以胜任做中国文化展的志愿者。(申请信)I’mconvincedthat

⁠fortheChineseCulture

Exhibition.(beequalto)★beequaltosth./doingsth.等于/胜任(做)某事equalsb./sth.in(doing)sth.在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物bewithoutequal＝havenoequal无与伦比★equallyadv.平等地，同样地equalityn.平等，相等I’mequaltobeingavolunteer

1.[译林选必③-2]Theroutinetasksthatoccupymostoftheday

are

(demand)，buttheycanalsobeextremelyrewarding.2.WiththeEnglishcontestapproaching，

thereisanurgentneedforaforeignjudge.(求

助信)→WiththeEnglishcontestapproaching，

.(用

demand改写画线部分)demanding

aforeignjudgeisingreatdemand

6.demand

n.要求；需要

vi.查问

vt.强烈要求；需要3.该俱乐部要求其成员能讲至少两门外语。(通知)Theclubdemandsthat

⁠.4.这门课程很适合你，它能满足你作为初学者的所有需求。(建议信)Thiscourseisfitforyou，and

⁠.★bein(great)demand(迫切)需求meet/satisfyone’sdemands满足某人的需求★要求做某事：demandtodosth.demandthat...(should)dosth.(从句用虚拟语气)★demandingadj.要求高的，费力的，难满足的allitsmembers(should)speakatleasttwoforeignlanguages

itcansatisfy/meetallyourdemandsasabeginner

1.结合语境写出下列句子中画线部分的含义①Inallwalksoflife，whenreferringtosomeone’ssuccess，weoftenusethewords

＂effortsanddetermination＂.

⁠②ThecustommaydatebacktotheTangDynasty；fordetailedinformation，

refertothe

book.

⁠提到查阅7.refer

to

指的是；提到(mention)；查阅；

描述(describe)

③[人教选必③-3]The＂natural＂greenhouseeffectreferstothefactthatheat

fromthesunenterstheatmosphereandwarmsEarth’ssurfaceasshort-wave

radiation.

⁠指的是教师尊享·点拨

referto表示＂查阅，参考＂时，其后接所查的工具书或资料，如词典、笔记、参考书等；lookup也可表示＂查阅＂，其后接需要查找的对象，常用于＂lookupsth.in.../looksth.upin...＂结构。如：Ifyoudon’tknowwhatitmeans，refertothedictionary.＝Ifyoudon’tknowwhatit

means，lookitupinthedictionary.如果你不知道它的意思，去查词典。2.我给你写信是要谈谈你提出的关于如何学好汉语的问题。(建议信)Iamwriting

onhowtolearnChinesewell.(reference)★referto...as...将······称为······★referencen.提及，涉及；查阅，参考；推荐信with/inreferenceto(所述内容)关于······referencebooks/materials参考书/参考资料with/inreferencetoyourquestion

2.Thetouristattractionliestotheeastofmyvillageanditdatesfromthe15thcentury.(景

点介绍)→①Thetouristattraction

⁠liestotheeastof

myvillage.(定语从句)→②Thetouristattraction

⁠liestotheeastofmy

village.(分词短语作定语)which/thatdatesfromthe15thcentury

datingfromthe15thcentury

8.date

back

(to...)

追溯到1.Ofcourse，showingrespectandadmirationtoeldersisaChinese

tradition

(date)backtoancienttimes.dating

3.[外研必修②-4]京剧(PekingOpera)可以追溯到18世纪，已经有200多年的历史。

(中国文化)

⁠

(分词作状语)★datebackto＝datefrom＝gobackto，三者均没有被动语态，常用于一般现在时，不用于进行时，作定语或状语时常用v-ing形式。★datebackto和datefrom后接时间点，dateback后接时间段，可以与goback互换。Datingbacktothe18thcentury，PekingOperahasovertwohundredyearsof

history.

2.Aharmoniousfamilyisbeneficialtoachild’sall-rounddevelopment.→Aharmoniousfamily

achild’sall-rounddevelopment.(beof＋抽象

名词)isofbenefitto

9.be

of＋抽象名词1.[译林必修①-1]

equalimportancearegoodstudyhabits，usefulskillsanda

positiveattitude.Of

教师尊享·点拨

该句为倒装句，表语提前是为了强调且避免头重脚轻。正常语序为：Good

studyhabits，usefulskillsandapositiveattitudeareofequalimportance.

beofcolor/age/size/shape/kind/quality不能转化为同根形容词，常在句中作表语

或后置定语。这类名词前常用different，thesame，this，that等来修饰或说明。

如：Choosefoodsofdifferentcolors.Theyareofthesameage.★＂beof＋抽象名词＂相当于＂be＋该名词的同根形容词＂。常见的抽象名词有

importance，value，use，help，benefit，significance等，这些名词前可用great，

little，much等修饰，以说明程度。3.在我看来，下面这些建议可能对你有用。(建议信)AsfarasIamconcerned，

.(beof＋

抽象名词)thefollowingsuggestionsmaybeofhelptoyou

教师尊享·点拨2.从这次活动中，我们认识到健身是非常重要的。我们锻炼得越多，就会越健康。

(感悟升华)Fromthisactivity，wehaverealizedthatbuildingupourbodyisofgreatimportance.

And

⁠.themoreexercisewetake，thehealthierwewillbe

10.the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...1.Therearelotsofwaystoattractothers’attentioninameeting.Usually，

the

(strange)theideais，themoreitgetsnoticed.stranger

3.Ifyouknowmoreaboutourtraditionalculture，you’llbemoreinterested

init.(推荐信)

⁠

(用＂the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...＂升级)★＂the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...＂意为＂越······，就越······＂，主从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。★从结构上看，第一个＂the＋比较级...＂是表示条件的状语从句(在表示将来意义时，从句用一般现在时表示将来)；第二个＂the＋比较级...＂是主句。Themoreyouknowaboutourtraditionalculture，themoreinterestedinityou’ll

be.

前缀sub-

通过构词法猜测单词在语境中的词性及含义。1.RussiasenttwosmallsubmarinestoplantatinynationalflagundertheNorthPole

yearsagoandthentheracetosecuresubsurfacerightstotheArctichottedup.

⁠

；

⁠2.Themaintitleandsubtitleforthegrapharedrawninthecenterofthe

image.

⁠3.Themind-bodyconnectionissuchthatif，forexample，wewanttoavoid

something，veryoftenoursubconsciousmindwillarrangeit.

⁠

⁠n.潜水

艇adj.地下的n.副标题adj.下意识的，潜意

识的

Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配、易错动词变形1.[2023新高考Ⅱ]YellowstoneNationalParkoffersa

(vary)ofranger

programsthroughoutthepark，andthroughouttheyear.Thefollowing

are

(describe)oftherangerprogramsthissummer.variety

descriptions

thefollowing作主语时，谓语动词与其后谈及的人、事物的单复数保持一致。该

句第二空前是are，因此空处应用名词复数形式。ⅠⅡⅢ教师尊享·点拨

2.[2022全国甲]Knowingsometipswillhelpensurethatyouhaveanenjoyablemealwith

friendsorfamily—nomatter

⁠youareintheworld.3.[2022新高考Ⅱ]＂Bigchangerequiresbigideas，＂hesaidinaspeechlast

month，

(refer)broadlytotheneedtoimproveroadsafety.4.[2022北京]Theresult—anapproachknownassystemsthinking—isnowseenas

essentialinmeeting

(globe)challenges.5.[2022浙江1月]Mychoicesarebased

⁠thelifestyleIwant.6.[2021新高考Ⅰ]ThequalityoflifeinFranceis

(equal)excellent.7.[2021全国乙]Ecotourismiscommonlyregarded

lowimpact(影响)

travelto

undisturbedplaces.where

referring

global

on

ⅠⅡⅢequally

as

8.[2020浙江]Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating(刺激)，

(demand)

jobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.demanding

(1)demanding描述工作或任务等时表示＂要求高的，需要高技能的，费力

的＂。近年来考情如下：☆[2020全国Ⅰ]Likerunning，racewalkingisphysicallydemanding，shesays.

(2)demanding描述人时表示＂要求极严的，苛求的，难满足的＂。近年来考情

如下：☆[2020浙江1月]Authoritativeparentingisnotauthoritarian：rigid，demandingor

controlling.权威型父母并不专制：固执、苛求、控制欲强。ⅠⅡⅢ教师尊享·点拨

9.[北京高考]Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitude

⁠collegebefore

thinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend...to/towards

10.[江苏高考]Theextensivecollectionconsistsofmasterworksinsculpture，colored

glass，andpreciousobjectsfromEurope

(date)fromaboutthe9thtothe15th

century.dating

ⅠⅡⅢⅡ.阅读理解——

一词多义、熟词生义A.adj.重大的，大的B.adj.主要的，重要的C.n.