中考英语一轮复习：阅读理解之应用文（讲义）（原卷版）

A第04讲阅读理解之应用文（讲义）

目录

—复习目标掌握目标及备考方向

二考情分析中考阅读理解应用文考情分析

1.细节理解

阅读应用文的.推理判断

三2

考向3.解题技巧

3.提升必考题型归纳

四真题感悟中考阅读应用文经典考题精选

【复习目标】

1.熟练语篇类型和语篇结构

2.明确命题规律和提问方式

3.掌握不同题型的解题方法

【考情分析】

阅读理解应用文命题规律

中考英语中的应用文，命题特点显著，以搜寻直接信息为主，往往涵盖人物、

事件、时间、地点、数字等的考查。因此，学生在备考应用文阅读时，应重点掌握

寻读策略，带着问题有针对性地到文中快速寻找答案。

【名师解难】

一、文章类型

阅读理解之应用文包含广告、招聘、咨询和建议、通知等类型的文章。

二、满分技巧

解答广告图表类题，要仔细阅读表格中的内容，表格类阅读材料一般都直观地表达出所要传递的信息。考

生只要能看懂各个项目的意义，即可找出所设问题的答案。这类材料一般不涉及难度太大的题目。

纵观历年各省市的中考题可以看出广告图表类的文章在阅读理解中占有相当大的比重，一般四篇阅读

理解中至少有一篇是广告图表类。广告图表类的文章属于应用文的行列。考生在阅读这类材料时，主要从

两方面入手：

一是了解图表的主题，确定图表的主要内容，

二是推敲图画上的文字或数字，找出它们之间的关联或试图表达的含义。

【网络构建】

命题点：时间/日期、要求（年龄、经验等）、

通知/启事类

信息手段（书信、电话、邮件、网址等）、

（比赛通知、活动通知、邀请函等）

主旨大意

宣传/介绍类命题点：数字计算、目标读者、

应（广告/海报、人/物/地介绍、文化习俗等）地点与活动的对应、写作目的

用

文指南/工具书类

命题点：篇章出处、目标读者、词句理解/图文转换、

（操作/旅游指南、实验说明、

正误判断、写作目的、文本类型

生活/学习贴士、规则条例等）

新媒体语篇类命题点：态度倾向、推断、主旨大意、

（网页/媒体信息、评论/问卷等）共同与不同、写作目的

△一细节理解题型分析

.夯基-必备基础知识梳理

命题规律：

细节理解题主要考查对文章（或某一段落）中某特定事实信息的捕捉和理解能力，通常包括直接细节理解

题和间接细节理解题。直接细节理解题在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who,what,when,where,why

和how等提问。间接细节理解题需要通过有关词语和句子的转换，依靠主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，

然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系进行加工或整理后方能得出结论，此类试题在中考试题中占大多

数。抓住文章或段落中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其他类型题的基础。

预计2024年阅读理解在应用文、说明文和记叙文中，更是侧重对细节理解题的考查。

命题方式：

1.特殊疑问句形式。以when,where,what.which,who,howmuch/many等疑问词开头引出问题。

2.填空题形式。通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节。

题型和考查角度：

1.高频考点：直接信息题；间接信息题。

2.中频考点：数字计算题;

3.低频考点：细节排序题；正误判断题。

△二细节理解题型方法和技巧

方法1：线索句定位法（直接信息题）

所谓线索句，就是为我们提供正确答案的线索，对线索句的精准定位，是阅读高分的秘诀。

首先，英语阅读的试题顺序往往对应着段落顺序，按照出题顺序，依次往下找，就能迅速定位到段落；

其次，定位到段后，粗略对比，迅速找到与试题所给句子中单词/短语重复较多的目标句；最后，将目标句

与试题选项的句子仔细比对，找出区别，逐个排除错误项，定位答案。

方法2：间接信息法

第一步：审读题干，提取关键信息；

第二步：速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换；

第三步：逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。

解题原则：对原文多处相关信息进行整合转换。

方法3：数字计算法

第一步：审读题干，提取关键信息；

第二步：速读定位原文中包含该信息的相关段落；

第三步：进行推算，得出答案。

解题原则：文章中直接给出来相关数据，要经过具体的对比、分析、计算才能够得出答案。

方法4：细节排除法

第一步：审读题干和四个选项的内容；

第二步：利用首尾，排除掉部分选项，缩小范围；

第三步：如排序内容较多，再查看剩余选项的异同处，缩小范围；

如排序内容较少，一般即可快速得出答案。

解题原则：采用“首尾定位法”，先根据第一个事件和最后一个事件缩小范围，再根据事件发生的先后顺序和

句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。

A（2023年河南中考）

KewGardens

Enjoyyourselvesinawonderlandofsciencewithover50,000livingplantsanddifferentkindsofeducational

eventsorinterestingactivities.HereissomeusefulinformationaboutplanningaschoolvisittoKewGardens.

Educationalsession（时段）prices

Youcanplanaself-ledvisitorbookoneofoureducationalsessions.Studentswilltakepartintheeducational

sessionsingroupsof15.Pricesaredifferentaccordingtodifferentsituations.

•45-minutesession:£35/group•90-minutesession:£70/group（21题）

•Halfday（onesession）:£80/groupeFullday（twosessions）:£160/group

Healthandsafety

Requiredteacher-studentratios（比仞!I）:

•KeyStage1:1:5

•KeyStage2:1:8

•KeyStage3:1:10

•KeyStage4:1:12

Ifyouneedhelp,pleasecontact（联系）theKewstaffmembers（工作人员）.Youcanalsocall02023323333

fordirectandquicksupport.Pleasedonotcall999.

Timings

TheKewGardensopensat10am.Yourvisitmaytakethreetofivehours.Theclosingtimechanges

throughouttheyear.Buttheearliestis3:30pm.Wehaveafixedscheduleforeducationalsessions,whichisfrom

10:30amto2:20pm.

根据材料内容选择最佳答案。

21.Howmuchshouldagroupof15studentspayfora90-minutesession?

A.£35.B.£70.C.£80.D.£160.

22Howmanyteachersareneededif40children（KeyStage2）visitKewGardens?

A.3.B.4.C.5.D.6.

23.Whatshouldyoudoifyouneedhelpaccordingtothetext?

A.Call999rightaway.B.Callyourparentsatonce.

C.Turntoyourteachers.D.Askstaffmembersforhelp.

24.Whichofthefollowingisapropertimetotakepartintheeducationalsessions?

A.9:30am.B.11:30am.C.3:30pm.D.4:30pm.

25.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?

A.TolistthereasonsforvisitingKewGardens.

B.TointroducedifferentplantsinKewGardens.

C.TocomparedifferentactivitiesinKewGardens.

D.TogiveinformationaboutvisitingKewGardens.

【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.B

【解析】

【导语】本文主要介绍了去邱园参观的相关信息。

[21题详解】

细节理解题。根据“90-minutesession:£70/group”可知90分钟课程一组需要70磅。故选B„

【技巧点拨】细节理解：直接搜寻答案。

这类题比较简单，通常是原文再现：（1）题干中的关键信息点在文章中有直接具体的再现；（2）选项中的关键

信息点在文章中有直接具体的再现。

做题过程中，可通过确定关键词一在文中查找关键词或其派生词、近义词、反义词一比对选项和原文细节

等确定答案。

【22题详解】

细节理解题。根据“KeyStage2:1:8”可知老师和学生的比例是1:8,所以40个孩子需要5名老师。故选C。

【技巧点拨】细节理解：间接搜寻答案。

考生可以先阅读题干确定关键词，然后在原文中寻找相关信息，并进行信息转换。

根据师生比例中KeyStage2：1：8（关键阶段2：1：8）可知，如果40名儿童参观邱园，需要5名教师。故

【23题详解】

细节理解题。根据“Ifyouneedhelp,pleasecontact（联系）theKewstaffmembers”可知如果你需要帮助，可以

联系工作人员。故选D。

【技巧点拨】细节理解：直接搜寻答案。

根据23题定位段可知，如果需要帮助，可以向员工寻求帮助，也可以拨打02023323333,但不能拨打999

求助。故选D。

[24题详解】

细节理解题。根据"Wehaveafixedscheduleforeducationalsessions,whichisfrom10:30amto2:20pm.”可知教

育课程时间是从上午10点半到下午2点半。故选B。

【技巧点拨】细节理解：直接搜寻答案。

根据最后一句可知，上午■点30分是参加教育课程的合适时间。故选B。

25.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?

A.TolistthereasonsforvisitingKewGardens.

B.TointroducedifferentplantsinKewGardens.

C.TocomparedifferentactivitiesinKewGardens.

D.TogiveinformationaboutvisitingKewGardens.

【技巧点拨】写作目的推断：通读篇首和段首，找出主题句。

根据第一段最后一句以及每段小标题可知，文章的主要目的是提供参观邱园的信息。故选D。

△三推理判断题型方法和技巧

所谓推断就是从已知的事情中推测。这里所说的未知是指文章或作者没有直接说明但已暗示出来，或

者根据作者提供的信息，可能引出的必然性结论。所以推断类题目尽管不能在文章中直接找到答案，但我

们可以在文章中找到可供推论的依据。还有一个重要的技巧就是排除法的适当运用。很多错误选项的排除

要靠我们对于文章事实和细节的准确把握。因此我们也要相应加强对于文章事实细节的训练。

应用文的推理判断有几种：

1.文章出处判定法，就是根据文章的语言、用词、格式、内容等推断出文章的出处，如杂志、报纸、网络等。

主要考查学生对各种文章出处的特点和常识的掌握能力，以及对文章的体裁和题材的准确把握能力。

2.逻辑推理法，即根据上下文及其相互间的关系，对文章片段或全文进行深层理解来解答题目。常以时间关

系、条件关系、因果关系、比较关系、转折关系等作为推理根据，有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等

弦外之音。主要考查学生对文章细节的理解和逻辑思维的推断能力。

.提升-必考题型归纳

（一）

（2024•辽宁・统考模拟预测）

Knowingthecitybywalking

FromJuly2022toJuly2023,citywalkersinChinatogethercoveredover320,000kilometers.Thafslikecircling

Earth8times.

TopfivepopularcitiesinChinaforcitywalking

1st:Shanghai2nd:Beijing

Agesofthecitywalkers

under16:15%

16-18:2%

19-28:50%

29-33:29%

over34:4%

3rd:Xiamen4th:Qingdao5th:Guiyang

Threemainreasonsforcitywalking

•Toreducestress

.Toknowacitybetter

•Tohaveacheaperwaytotravel

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A.Beijing.B.Shanghai.C.Guiyang.D.Xiamen.

2.Halfofthecitywalkersareaged.

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3.Oneofthemainreasonsforcitywalkingisto.

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Whenyouarrivehere,thestampinyourpassportwillincludethePalauPledge（誓约），whichallvisitorsmust

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GoGreeninGermany

MiningandsteelproductiononcedominatedtheRuhrValleyinGerman.Today,theregionisrepurposing

previousindustrialsitesasparksandopenairculturalspaces.ThemostfamousistheUNESCOWorldHeritage

SiteofZecheZollverein,nowhometoanoutdoorswimmingpoolandwalkingpaths.YoucanrentabikeinEssen

foracar-freeRuhrValleytripalongcyclingroutes.

11.Whatcan'tvisitorsdointheAncientTeaPlantationsofJingmaiMountain?

A.Seeasplendidviewofavastareaofteatrees.

B.Experiencethecustomsofthelocalethnicminoritygroups.

C.HaveatasteofPu'ertea.

D.RidehorsesontheAncientTeaHorseRoad.

12.Whichtripbestsuitspeoplewhoenjoybiketripalongcyclingroutes?

A.TasteTeainChina.B.RunWildinAustralia.

C.GoGreeninGermany.D.DiveDeepinPalsu.

13.Whereisthepassagemostprobablytakenfrom?

A.Amagazine.B.Abrochure.C.Anewspaper.D.Awebsite.

（五）（2022.广东阳江•校考一模）

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C.watchamovieD.learnsomeChinese

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18.Thepassageismostlywrittenfor.

A.universityteachersinNewYork

B.middleschoolstudentsinGuangzhou

C.shopownersinLondon

D.schoolleadersinBeijing

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ChallengeYou

ChallengeYouisacomputergamedesignwebsite.Teenscandesigngamesonthesiteorplaygamesdesigned

byotherkidsandteens.Theycansharetheirgameswithfriendsortakepartinweeklygame-buildingcontests.

Thereisalsoachatroomandaforum（论坛）forthemtodiscussgamebuildingorjusttoplaygamestogether.

19.Whatcan'tweb-usersdoonTeenReads?

A.Havereadingcontest.B.Discussaboutbooks.

C.Buybooks.D.Readbooks.

20.WhichofthefollowingAdsmatchesTeenNick?

A.Stories,videos,andwonderfulgames.Allinone!

B.It'snevertoolatetomaketheworldabetterplace!

C.Ifyouwanttobuildapositiveself-image,clickhere!

D.Comeon!You'llknowwhatanexcellentreaderyouare!

21.Whichwebsitecouldbethebestchoiceforsomeonewholovesart?

A.TeenReads.B.TeenNick.C.TheInSite.D.ChallengeYou.

22.Wherecanwepossiblyfindthepassage?

A.Atravelguidebook.B.Amagazineforteenagers.

C.Asciencereport.D.AprogramforEnglishlearning.

（七）（2023•江西南昌•）

Hello,we'retheSunshineTravelAgencyinNanchang.Springiscoming,whynotgoonajourney?Wehave

somegreatscenicspots（景点）foryouinJiangxi.

Fenghuanggou,Nanchang

Ticket:¥85（kidsunder1.2m:halfprice;oldpeople>60:free）

Openingtime:8:00a.m.一5:00p.m.（10:00a.m.一8:00p.m.on

weekends）

Activities:manykindsofflowers,scienceknowledge,agricultural

experience

MingyueMountain,Yichun

Ticket:¥95(parentswithachild:¥200;oldpeople>60:free)

Openingtime:8:30a.m.一5:30p.m.(closedonMonday)

Activities:mountainclimbing,waterfall,thehotspring

SanqingMountain,Shangrao

Ticket:¥105(childrenunder4:free;oldpeople>60:free)

Openingtime:7:00a.m.一5:00p.m.

Activities:mountainclimbing,strangestones,glassplankroad(玻璃栈

道)

23.WherecanpeoplevisitinNanchang?

A.MingyueMountain.B.Fenghuanggou.C.SanqingMountain.D.Lu

Mountain.

24.Mr.Hanplanstohaveatriprecently,whichactivitycanhetakepartin?

A.Experiencingtheagricultureat9:00a.m.onSaturdayinNanchang.

B.Enjoyingthehotspringat9:00a.m.onMondayinYichun.

C.Climbingmountainsat11:00a.m.onSundayinNanchang.

D.Experiencingtheglassplankroadat9:00a.m.onTuesdayinShangrao.

25.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothechart?

A.ThetravelagencyisfromNanchang.

B.Peopleover60arefreeinallthesethreespots.

C.AllthesethreespotsareinJiangxi.

D.PeopleinNanchangcangettothesethreespotsbybus.

(A)(2023•山西大同•模拟预测)

WhatkindofiPadareyouusing?WhatdoyouthinkofyouriPad?Somepeoplearewritingreviewsabout

theiriPad.

।New★★★★★Easytouse,stayschargedforquitealongtime

ItisthefirstiPadIhavebought.I'mexcitedtofindIcanusemyprinterBluetoothwithit!

I'mveryhappywithit.IalsoIboughtaprotectivecase.Thepenisalsoontheway.

AppleiPadLoadingappswaseasy,usingitquitesimpleforan“oldgirl"aged67.

Wi-Fi|一Mrs.Black

Bluetooth

¥2,000

★★★★☆Goodtablet,greatscreen,oneproblem

Ifsthin,lightandeasytohold.Screenisbeautiful.SpeakersSoundisthebest

SamsungGalaxy

asatablet.Butithasonesmallproblem-Thereisnoheadphonejack（插孔）becauseitisso

TabS5e

thin.

Wi-Fi|GPS|

一David

Bluetooth

¥1,875

★★★★★Goodchoice

Thishadthebesthardware（硬件）forthebestprice.ItworksmuchbetterwhenIonly

HuaweiMediaPad

useitforwebbrowsingandbookreading.Thepictureisgoodasmy4KTV.Thebattery（电

M5

池）lifeisexcellent.Icanwatchvideosforatleast8hoursbeforethebatteryreachescritical

Wi-Fi|

atabout14%.

Bluetooth

一Dredhead

¥2,080

26.Ifyouwanttobuyatablet（平板电脑）foryour60-year-oldgrandma,youcanchoose.

A.NewAppleiPadB.SamsungGalaxyTabS5eC.HuaweiMediaPadM5

27.DavidmayhavetobuyBluetoothenabledheadphonesorspeakersforexternalaudiobecause.

A.theheadphonesareongreatsale

B.thereissomethingwrongwithhisears

C.SamsungGalaxyTabS5ehasnoheadphonejack

28.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.HuaweiMediaPadM5hasthemostexcellentbattery.

B.DredheadboughtaprotectivecasetogetherwiththeNewAppleiPad.

C.DavidthinksNewAppleiPadisbetterthanSamsungGalaxyTabS5e.

29.Dredheadpaidforhistablet.

A.¥2,000B.¥2,080C.¥1,875

30.Thepassageisprobablytakenfrom.

A.anewspaperB.atravelguideC.ashoppingwebsite

（2023•浙江湖州•统考中考真题）

£勺1"THESCHOOCPL-AYNotanactor?

allsivdrnlslor试演)!Wealsoneed

Setbesign.Someoneto

drawfunwinterbackgrounds.

CrittersonIce!Heorshemustalsofindthings

isaboutanimalsandkeskates.

suchasumbrellas,gloves,andice

Thewriteranddirectorisour

skatestouseintheplay.

dramateacher,MsAnnCore.

U9ht：Someonetomakethe

Actorsareneeded(“匚actnrw-shine*onstage.Gre«n

foethefollowingroles.

匚2andbluelightsfolkm,

eachanimal.

Sound：Someonetomakesureevery

wordisheard.

Auditionsare

onFriday,February27,at3：30

inthegym.

Hotcocoawillbeserved.

1.Whatisthenameoftheplay?

A.NotanActor?B.CrittersonIce!

C.TheSchoolPlayD.Flora,Richard,TimandJames

2.IfyoudoSetDesign,youareexpectedto.

A.callthestudentsforauditions

B.preparethefunbackgrounds

C.makethelightsfolloweachanimal

D.makesureeverywordisheard

3.Thetextisprobably.

A.aposterB.aspeechC.areportD.apoem

（2023・湖南湘西・统考中考真题）

Name:TheWanderingEarth//（《流浪地球2》）

Kind:Sciencefiction;Action

Release（上映）Time:January22

Period:2h53min

Boxoffice（票房）inChina:3.93billionyuan（$566million）

BoxofficeinNorthAmerica:$4million

Director:GuoFan

Actors:AndyL