2025届人教版(2019)高考英语一轮话题复习高考题型通关练：话题6　健康的生活方式(教师版)

话题6健康的生活方式

Ⅰ.阅读理解

FromthelushgreenhillyoucanseeLjubljana，thecapitalofSlovenia，inthe

distance.Populationsofdeer，rabbitsandturtlelivehere.Theairiscleanandtheonly

signsthatwearestandingabovea24－metre(79feet)deeplandfillarethemethane

gaspipesrisingfromthegrass.

LjubljanaisthefirstEuropeancapitaltocommittogoingzero－waste.Butfifteen

yearsago，allofitsrefusewentstraighttolandfill.“Andthatisexpensive，”says

NinaSankovicofVokaSnaga，thecity’swastemanagementcompany.“Ittakesup

spaceandyou’rethrowingawayresources.”

Sothecitydecidedtochangecourse.

Itbeganin2002withseparatecollectionofpaper，glassandpackagingin

Roadsidecontainerstands.Fouryearslaterthecitybegancollectingbiodegradable

wastedoortodoor；separatecollectionofbiowasteissettobecomemandatoryacross

Europein2023，butLjubljanawasnearlytwodecadesaheadofthecurve.

In2013，everydoorstepinthecityreceivedbinsforpackagingandpaper

waste.And，mostcontroversially，scheduledcollectionsoftheresidualwastewerecut

byhalf—forcingpeopletoseparatetheirrubbishmoreefficiently.

Theresultshavebeenimpressive.In2008，thecityrecycledonly29.3%ofits

wasteandwaslaggingbehindtherestofEurope.Todaythatfigureis68%，andits

landfillreceivesalmost80%lessrubbish，puttingitatthetopofthecyclingleader

boardofEUcapitals.TheSloveniancapitalnowproducesonly115kgofresidual

wastepercapitaannually(theEuropeancitywiththelowestfigureisthemuchsmaller

Treviso，Italy，at59kg).

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章主要说明了卢布尔雅那是第一个承诺实现零

浪费的欧洲首都，介绍了其在垃圾处理方面所采取的措施和收获的成效。

1.Whatistheusageofthepiperisingfromthegrass?

A.Asigntoshowthereisadeeplandfill.

B.Toemitgasrisingfromthegrass.

C.Todischargemethanefromthedeeplandfill.

D.Awaterpipetowatergrass.

答案C[细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Theairisclean...risingfromthegrass.”

可知，从草里冒出来的管子作用是从深层垃圾填埋场排放甲烷。]

2.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“mandatory”inParagraph4?

A.Compulsory.B.Typical.

C.Normal.D.Reasonable.

答案A[词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“Fouryearslaterthecitybegancollecting

biodegradablewastedoortodoor”以及画线词后文“acrossEuropein2023，but

Ljubljanawasnearlytwodecadesaheadofthecurve”可知，欧洲2023年才强制要

求对生物垃圾进行单独收集，而卢布尔雅那在这方面领先了近20年。画线词意思

是“强制性的”。]

3.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothechangeofLjubljana?

A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.

C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.

答案A[观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，作者对卢布尔雅那的变化持支持态

度。]

4.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythepassageappear?

A.Society.

B.Geographyeducation.

C.Tourism.

D.Environmentalprotection.

答案D[文章出处题。根据第二段中的“LjubljanaisthefirstEuropeancapital...all

ofitsrefusewentstraighttolandfill.”以及倒数第二段可推知，文章可能选自“环境

保护”版面。]

Restrictingmealstoearlyinthedaydidnotaffectweightamongoverweight

adultswithprediabetesordiabetes，accordingtoresearchpresentedattheAmerican

HeartAssociation’sScientificSessions2020.

“Wehavewonderedforalongtimeifwhenoneeatsduringthedayaffectsthe

waythebodyusesandstoresenergy，”saidstudyauthorNisaM.Maruthur，associate

professorofmedicineinJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimore.“Mostprevious

studieshavenotcontrolledthenumberofcalories，soitwasn’tclearifpeoplewhoate

earlierjustatefewercalories.Inthisstudy，theonlythingwechangedwasthetimeof

dayofeating.”

Maruthurandthecolleaguesfollowed41overweightadultsina12－week

study.Mostparticipants(90%)wereAfricanAmericanwomenwithprediabetesor

diabetes，andaverageageof59years.Twenty－oneoftheadultsfollowedatime－

restrictedeatingpattern，limitingeatingtospecifichoursofthedayandate80%of

theircaloriesbefore1pm.Theremaining20participantsateatusualtimesduringa12

－hourwindow，consuminghalfoftheirdailycaloriesafter5pmfortheentire12

weeks.Allparticipantsconsumedthesamepre－prepared，healthymealsprovidedfor

thestudy.Weightandbloodpressureweremeasuredatthebeginningofthestudy，then

at4weeks，8weeksand12weeks.

Theanalysisfoundthatpeopleinbothgroupslostweightandhaddecreased

bloodpressureregardlessofwhentheyate.“Wethoughtthatthetime－restricted

groupwouldlosemoreweight，”Maruthursaid.“Yetthatdidn’thappen.Wedidnot

seeanydifferencesinweightlossforthosewhoatemostoftheircaloriesearlierversus

laterintheday.Wedidnotseeanyeffectsonbloodpressureeither.”

Theresearchersarenowcollectingmoredetailedinformationonbloodpressure

recordedover24hours，andtheywillbecompilingthisinformationwiththeresultsof

astudyontheeffectsoftime－restrictedfeedingonbloodsugar，insulinandother

hormonesandmakinganalysesonthefindings.“Together，thesefindingswillhelpus

tomorefullyunderstandtheeffectsoftime－restrictedeatingoncardiometabolie

health，”Maruthursaid.

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。一项新的研究表明，能量摄入时间的早晚对减肥

没有什么影响。文章介绍了研究过程以及研究的发现。

5.Whatmadethestudydifferentfromearlierones?

A.Participants’age.

B.Participants’dailyeatingtime.

C.Thenumberofparticipants.

D.Theresearchmembers.

答案B[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Inthisstudy，theonlythingwechanged

wasthetimeofdayofeating.”可知，参与者每日进食时间让这项研究与之前的研

究不同。]

6.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Theresearchprocedure.B.Theresearchresult.

C.Theresearchpurpose.D.Theresearchinstitution.

答案A[段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，它主要讲的是研究过程。]

7.Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?

A.Bloodpressureisconnectedwitheatingtime.

B.Absorbinglesscaloriesearliermakesforweightloss.

C.Eatingtimedeterminestheeffectoflosingweight.

D.Takingincaloriesearlierdoesn’timpactweightloss.

答案D[推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Wethoughtthatthetime－restricted

group...Wedidnotseeanyeffectsonbloodpressureeither.”可推知，早吸收卡路里

不会影响减肥。]

8.Whatmaytheresearchersdonextaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Stopresearch.B.Announcefindings.

C.Analyzedata.D.Writeessays.

答案C[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Theresearchersarenow

collecting...andotherhormonesandmakinganalysesonthefindings.”可推知，研究人

员下一步可能分析数据。]

Ⅱ.完形填空

(2024·山东省烟台市一模)

Someyearsago，Iwasstuckonacrosstownbusduringrushhour.Thebuswas

filledwithcold，tiredpeople1withoneanother.Twomen2ateachother

foranunintentionalpush.Anelderlywomangoton，andnobodyofferedhera

3.Angerwasintheair；no4couldbefoundhere.

AsthebusapproachedSeventhAvenue，thedriver’swordscamefromthe

speaker.“Folks，”hesaid.“Iknowyou’vehada(n)5dayandthatyouare

depressed，butIwill6.Wheneachofyouwalksbybeforegettingoff，dropyour

7intomypalm(手掌).MyroutegoesrightbytheHudsonRiver，intowhichI’ll

8them.”

Itseemedasifaspellhadlifted.Everyoneburstoutlaughing，theirfacesshining

with9.Thepassengerswhohadbeen10eachother’sexistencewere

suddenlygrinning(咧嘴笑)ateachother—isthisguyserious?

Atthenextstop，justas11，thedriverheldouthishand，palmup，and

waited.Allthe12passengersperformedthegestureofdroppingsomethinginto

hispalm.Thedriver13thesameactionateverystopthatfollowed.

Occasionallywemaysinkintoagreyworld，butsomeonecan14itlikearay

oflight，showingushope.Whatifwearethelight？15，anyonepossessesthe

powertoshineonothers’darkdays.

【语篇解读】本文是记叙文，主要讲的是一位公交车司机通过让乘客在下车前

把烦恼放在他的掌心里，然后他把烦恼拿去扔掉来点亮乘客们的一天，使他们充

满希望。

1.A.satisfiedB.associated

C.impressedD.annoyed

答案D[satisfied满意的；associated联合的；相关的；impressed印象深刻的；

annoyed生气；恼怒。根据上文“Someyearsago，Iwasstuckonacrosstownbus

duringrushhour.”和下文“Angerwasintheair”可知，因交通高峰期被堵在路上，

公共汽车上挤满了又冷漠又累的人，他们对彼此很生气。]

2.A.wavedB.nodded

C.barkedD.shot

答案C[wave挥手；招手；nod点头；bark厉声质问；shoot射击。根据下文“an

unintentionalpush”和“Angerwasintheair”可知，乘客都恼怒对方，两名男子因无

意推搡而互相咆哮。]

3.A.reminderB.seat

C.rideD.choice

答案B[reminder引起回忆的事物；seat座位；ride(乘车或骑车的)短途旅程；

choice选择。根据上文“Thebuswasfilledwithcold，tiredpeople”和“Anelderly

womangoton”可知，公共汽车上挤满了又冷漠又累的人，一位老妇人上了车，没

人给她让座。]

4.A.mercyB.fortune

C.courageD.security

答案A[mercy仁慈；宽恕；fortune运气；courage勇气；security安全。根据

上文“Anelderlywomangoton，andnobodyofferedhera”可知，这里

没有慈悲可言。]

5.A.toughB.average

C.importantD.fruitful

答案A[tough艰难的；棘手的；average平均的；important重要的；fruitful富

有成效的。根据上文“tiredpeople”可知，句子表示“我知道你们今天过得很艰

难”。]

6.A.makecommentsB.showup

C.helpoutD.takerisks

答案C[makecomments发表评论；showup出现；显露；helpout帮助……做

事；takerisks冒险。根据上文“youaredepressed”可知，此处表示“我会帮你们的”，

空格处是“帮助……做事”，呼应下文讲司机想办法让乘客们开心。]

7.A.memoriesB.troubles

C.faultsD.tips

答案B[根据上文语境可知，疲倦的乘客们因堵车心烦意乱，导致车上弥漫着

愤怒情绪，司机想缓和这种情况，所以司机是让乘客把他们的烦恼丢在他的掌心。]

8.A.transformB.stretch

C.accompanyD.cast

答案D[transform使改变形态；stretch拉长；伸展；accompany陪伴；cast投

射；扔。根据上文“dropyourintomypalm”可知，此处表示把烦恼扔进

河里。]

9.A.envyB.greed

C.pleasureD.pride

答案C[envy羡慕；忌妒；greed贪婪；贪心；pleasure快乐；满意；pride自

尊；自豪。根据上文“Everyoneburstoutlaughing”可知，每个人都笑了起来，脸上

洋溢着喜悦的光彩。]

10.A.suspectingB.ignoring

C.expectingD.appreciating

答案B[suspect怀疑；ignore忽视；不予理睬；expect预料；期待；appreciate

欣赏；感激。根据上文“Thebuswasfilledwithcold，tiredpeople”和下文“were

suddenlygrinning(咧嘴笑)ateachother”可知，乘客们一开始都很冷漠，不太可

能会注意身边的人，司机提议后，一直无视对方存在的乘客们突然互相笑了。]

11.A.orderedB.promised

C.requestedD.reported

答案B[order命令；订购；promise允诺；答应；request要求；report报告。

根据上文“WheneachofyouwalksbybeforegettingowhichI’ll

them”和下文“thedriverheldouthishand，palmup，andwaited”可知，到了下

一站，就像答应过的那样，司机伸出手，掌心朝上，等待着接乘客们的烦恼。]

12.A.chosenB.fooled

C.sittingD.exiting

答案D[chosen精选的；fooled受愚弄的；sitting坐的；exiting正在离去的。

根据上文“beforegettingoff”和下文“performedthegestureofdroppingsomething

intohispalm”可知，所有要离开的乘客都做了一个把什么东西扔到他的手掌里的

手势。]

13.A.repeatedB.designed

C.interpretedD.evaluated

答案A[repeat重复；design设计；interpret领会；说明；evaluate评估；估计。

根据下文“thesameactionateverystopthatfollowed”可知，司机在接下来的每一站

都重复同样的动作。]

14.A.divideB.explore

C.rewardD.brighten

答案D[divide分割；explore探索；reward奖赏；奖励；brighten(使)更明亮。

根据下文“likearayoflight”可知，总有人能像一线光明一样照亮我们的灰暗世

界。]

15.A.HoweverB.Instead

C.ActuallyD.Consequently

答案C[根据下文“anyonepossessesthepowertoshineonothers’darkdays”可

知，事实上，任何人都有能力照亮别人的黑暗日子，就像司机所做的一样。]

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2024·浙江省绍兴市高三二模)

EatingChinesefoodcanbebeneficialforyourhealth.Chinesedishesareoften

packedwithvegetables，leanproteins，andhealthygrainslikericeandnoodles，which

1.(make)themagreatsourceofvitamins，nutrients，andotheressential

2.(mineral).

Chinesefoodisalso3.(relative)inexpensive，makingitagreat

optionforeaters.Manydishescanbeeasilycustomizedtomeetdietaryrestrictionsor

preferences，andtakeoutoptionsmakeiteasy4.(enjoy)adeliciousmeal

withoutspendingmuchtimeinthekitchen.

Chinesefoodisoftenthoughtofasasingletypeofcuisine，5.

thereareactuallymanydifferentregionalvariations.Cantonesecuisine6.

(characterize)bylightandflavorfuldishesthatoftencontainseafoodwhileSzechuan

dishesareknown7.theirspicy(辛辣的)flavorings.Hunancuisineis

typically8.(heavy)thanothers，incorporatingingredientslikechilies

andgarlic.

Inconclusion，eatingChinesefoodcanbeanutritiousandeconomicwaytogeta

varietyofflavorsandtexturesonyourplate.Withalittlebitofresearchandknowledge，

youcanenjoyallthedeliciousflavorsofChinesecuisinein9.healthy

andsafeway.Sodon’tbeafraidtoe