【OPENAI】OpenAIOpenAI对美国人工智能行动计划的建议

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March13,2025

To:FaisalD'Souza,NCOFrom:ChristopherLehane

OfficeofScienceandTechnologyPolicyOpenAI

2415EisenhowerAvenue14553rdStreet

Alexandria,VA22314SanFrancisco,CA94158

Thisdocumentisapprovedforpublicdissemination.Thedocumentcontainsnobusiness-proprietaryorconfidentialinformation.DocumentcontentsmaybereusedbythegovernmentindevelopingtheAIActionPlanandassociateddocumentswithoutattribution.

“ItisthepolicyoftheUnitedStatestosustainandenhanceAmerica’sglobaldominanceinordertopromotehumanflourishing,economiccompetitiveness,andnationalsecurity”

–PresidentDonaldJ.Trump,ExecutiveOrder14179,January23,2025

OpenAIrespectfullysubmitstheenclosedproposalstotheOfficeofScienceand

TechnologyPolicyasitweighsanewAIActionPlanthatwill,asVicePresidentVancestatedrecentlyattheParisAIActionSummit,maintainAmericanleadershipinAIand“makepeoplemoreproductive,moreprosperous,andmorefree.”AsAmerica’s

world-leadingAIsectorapproachesartificialgeneralintelligence(AGI),withaChineseCommunistParty(CCP)determinedtoovertakeusby2030,theTrumpAdministration’snewAIActionPlancanensurethatAmerican-ledAIbuiltondemocraticprinciples

continuestoprevailoverCCP-builtautocratic,authoritarianAI.

OpenAIagreeswiththeTrumpAdministrationthatAIcreatesprosperityandfreedomworthfightingfor—especiallyforyoungergenerationswhosefuturewillbeshapedbyhowthis

AdministrationapproachesAI.Globally,mostChatGPTusersareunderage35;intheUS,aboutonethirdareages18to24.1Bothyoungpeopleandtheirparentsrecognizethe

economicopportunitiesAIpresents:

●Morethansevenin10parentsintheUSbelievechildrentodaywillbeworseofffinanciallythantheyare.2

●Ninein10USparentsthinkit'simportantthattheirkidslearnhowtouseartificialintelligencefortheirfuturejobs—andeightin10sayeitherthatisn’thappeningtoday,ortheydon’tknowifitis.3

●Threeinfourcollege-ageAIuserswanttouseAIintheireducationandcareers.ManyareteachingthemselvesandtheirfriendsaboutAIwithoutwaitingfortheirschoolstoprovideformalAIeducation.4

1Self-reportedamonglogged-inusers

2PewResearchCenter:

Viewsofchildren’sfinancialfuture

,Jan.2025

3MorningConsultsurveycommissionedbySamsung:

88%ofUSParentsofGenAlpha&GenZStudentsSayAI

WillBeCrucialtoTheirChild’sFutureSuccess

,Sept.2024

4OpenAI:

BuildinganAI-ReadyWorkforce:ALookatChatGPTAdoptionintheUS

,Feb.2025

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Inparticular,AIcoulddrivesignificantincreasedproductivityoverthenextdecade.Here’showwecanrealizethisheightenedprosperityandgreaterfreedomtogether.

Scalinghumaningenuity

Innovationcreatesandscalesourabilitytopushbeyondourcurrentlimits.Fromfoottraveltothedomesticatedhorse,thewheel,steampower,thecar,theplane—wescaledthe

freedomofmobility.Fromdaylighttocandleandlamplight,toelectricityprovidinglightandpoweratallhours—wescaledthefreedomtoproduce,thinkandcreate.Fromwordof

mouthtothestylusandtablet,totheprintingpress,telegraph,phone,computer,

smartphone—wescaledfreedomoflearningandknowledge.Now,asweapproachAGI,innovationispoisedtoscalehumaningenuityitself—thesumofourfreedomstolearnandknow,think,createandproduce.

AsourCEOSamAltman

haswritten

,weareatthedoorstepofthenextleapinprosperity:theIntelligenceAge.Butwemustensurethatpeoplehavefreedomofintelligence,by

whichwemeanthefreedomtoaccessandbenefitfromAGI,protectedfrombothautocraticpowersthatwouldtakepeople’sfreedomsaway,andlayersoflawsandbureaucracythatwouldpreventourrealizingthem.

Morethan400millionpeoplearoundtheworldareusingChatGPTtoideate,discover,andbreakthroughbeyondwhatwe’recurrentlycapableofdoingonourown.Justtwoweeksago,wepartneredwiththeDepartmentofEnergy’snationallabsto

bringtogether

1,500scientiststouseourtoolstotakescientificdiscoveryfarther,faster.

OurworkatOpenAIalsosuggeststhatasAIadvances,progressacceleratesandbecomesincreasinglyaffordable,asreflectedinthesethreescalingprinciples:

1.TheintelligenceofanAImodelroughlyequalsthelogoftheresourcesusedtotrainandrunit.Untilrecently,scalingprogresshasprimarilycomefromtrainingcomputeanddata,butwehaveshownhowtomakeintelligencescalefrominferencecompute,aswell.Thescalinglawsthatpredictthesegainsareincrediblypreciseovermanyordersofmagnitude,soinvestingmoreinAIwillcontinuetomakeitbetterandmorecapable.Webelievethatthesocioeconomicvalueoflinearlyincreasingintelligenceissuper-exponentialinnature.

2.ThecosttouseagivenlevelofAIcapabilityfallsbyabout10xevery12months,andlowerpricesleadtomuchmoreuse.WesawthisinthechangeintokencostbetweenGPT-4inearly2023andGPT-4oinmid-2024,wherethepricepertokendroppedabout150xinthattimeperiod.Moore’sLawpredictedthatthenumberoftransistorsona

microchipwoulddoubleroughlyeverytwoyears;thedecreaseinthecostofusingAIisevenmoredramatic.

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3.TheamountofcalendartimeittakestoimproveanAImodelkeepsdecreasing.AI

modelsarecatchingupwithhumanintelligenceatanincreasingrate.Thetypicaltimeit

takesforacomputertobeathumansatagivenbenchmarkhasfallenfrom20yearsafterthebenchmarkwasintroduced,tofiveyears,andnowtoonetotwoyears—andweseenoreasonwhythoseadvancementswillstopinthenearfuture.

Byscalinghumaningenuityeverfasterandmoreaffordably,AGIwillcreateaflywheelofmorefreedomleadingtomoreproductivity,prosperity,andyetmoreinnovation—lettingusonceagainfocusonpositive-sumgrowth.

AdvancingdemocraticAI

OpenAIbelievesthebestfutureisoneinwhichwemoveforwardwithdemocraticAI—AIthatisshapedbythedemocraticprinciplesAmericahasalwaysstoodfor.AsOpenAI

recentlylaidoutinour

EconomicBlueprint

,webelievetheseprinciplesinclude:

●Afreemarketpromotingfreeandfaircompetitionthatdrivesinnovation.

●Freedomfordevelopersanduserstoworkwithanddirectourtoolsastheyseefit,inexchangeforfollowingclear,common-sensetechnicalstandardsthathelpkeepAIsafeforeveryone,andbeingheldaccountablewhentheydon’t.

●PreventinggovernmentuseofAItoolstoamasspowerandcontroltheircitizens,ortothreatenorcoerceotherstates.

InadvancingdemocraticAI,AmericaiscompetingwithaCCPdeterminedtobecomethegloballeaderby2030.That’swhytherecentreleaseofDeepSeek’sR1modelisso

noteworthy—notbecauseofitscapabilities(R1’sreasoningcapabilities,albeitimpressive,areatbestonparwithseveralUSmodels),butasagaugeofthestateofthiscompetition.

AswithHuawei,thereissignificantriskinbuildingontopofDeepSeekmodelsincritical

infrastructureandotherhigh-riskusecasesgiventhepotentialthatDeepSeekcouldbe

compelledbytheCCPtomanipulateitsmodelstocauseharm.AndbecauseDeepSeekissimultaneouslystate-subsidized,state-controlled,andfreelyavailable,thecosttoitsusersistheir

privacyandsecurity

,asDeepSeekfacesrequirementsunderChineselawto

complywithdemandsforuserdataandusesittotrainmorecapablesystemsfortheCCP’suse.Theirmodelsalsomorewillinglygeneratehow-to’sforillicitandharmfulactivitiessuchasidentityfraudandintellectualpropertytheft,areflectionofhowtheCCPviewsviolationsofAmericanIPrightsasafeature,notaflaw.

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Today,CCP-controlledChinahasanumberofstrategicadvantages,including:

●Asanauthoritarianstate,itsabilitytoquicklymarshalresources—data,energy,

technicaltalent,andtheenormoussumsneededtobuildoutitsowndomesticchipdevelopmentcapacity.

●ItspreexistingBeltandRoadinitiative.AswithHuawei,thePRCwillscalethe

adoptionofPRC-basedAIsystemslikeDeepSeek’sbycoercingcountriesneedingAItoolsandnation-buildinginfrastructurefunds.

●ItsabilitytobenefitfromregulatoryarbitragebeingcreatedbyindividualAmericanstatesseekingtopasstheirownindustry-widelaws,someofwhicharemodeledontheEuropeanUnion’sregulationofAI.TheselawsareeasiertoenforcewithdomesticAIcompaniesthanPRC-basedcompaniesandcouldimpose

burdensomecompliancerequirementsthatmayhinderoureconomic

competitivenessandundermineournationalsecurity.TheyalsomayweakenthequalityandleveloftrainingdataavailabletoAmericanentrepreneursandthe

usefulnessfordownstreamconsumersandbusinesses.

●Itsabilitytobenefitfromcopyrightarbitragebeingcreatedbydemocraticnations

thatdonotclearlyprotectAItrainingbystatute,liketheUS,orthatreducethe

amountoftrainingdatathroughanopt-outregimeforcopyrightholders,likethe

EU.ThePRCisunlikelytorespecttheIPregimesofanyofsuchnationsforthe

trainingofitsAIsystems,butalreadylikelyhasaccesstoallthesamedata,puttingAmericanAIlabsatacomparativedisadvantagewhilegaininglittleinthewayofprotectionsfortheoriginalIPcreators.

WhileAmericamaintainsaleadonAItoday,DeepSeekshowsthatourleadisnotwideandisnarrowing.TheAIActionPlanshouldensurethatAmerican-ledAIprevailsoverCCP-ledAI,securingbothAmericanleadershiponAIandabrighterfutureforallAmericans.

Whatwepropose

OpenAI’sfreedom-focusedpolicyproposals,takentogether,canstrengthenAmerica’sleadonAIandinsodoing,unlockeconomicgrowth,lockinAmericancompetitiveness,and

protectournationalsecurity.Specifically,wedetail:

Aregulatorystrategythatensuresthefreedomtoinnovate:Forinnovationtotrulycreate

newfreedoms,America’sbuilders,developers,andentrepreneurs—ournation’sgreatestcompetitiveadvantage—mustfirsthavethefreedomtoinnovateinthenationalinterest.Weproposeaholisticapproachthatenablesvoluntarypartnershipbetweenthefederal

governmentandtheprivatesector,andneutralizespotentialPRCbenefitfromAmericanAIcompanieshavingtocomplywithoverlyburdensomestatelaws.

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AnexportcontrolstrategythatexportsdemocraticAI:Forcountriesseekingaccessto

AmericanAI,weproposeastrategythatwouldapplyacommercialgrowthlens—bothTotalandServiceableAddressableMarkets—toproactivelypromotetheglobaladoptionof

AmericanAIsystemsandwiththem,thefreedomstheycreate.Atthesametime,thestrategywoulduseexportcontrolstoprotectAmerica’sAIlead,includingbymakingupdatestotheAIdiffusionrule.

Acopyrightstrategythatpromotesthefreedomtolearn:America’srobust,balanced

intellectualpropertysystemhaslongbeenkeytoourgloballeadershiponinnovation.Weproposeacopyrightstrategythatwouldextendthesystem’sroleintotheIntelligenceAgebyprotectingtherightsandinterestsofcontentcreatorswhilealsoprotectingAmerica’sAIleadershipandnationalsecurity.ThefederalgovernmentcanbothsecureAmericans’

freedomtolearnfromAI,andavoidforfeitingourAIleadtothePRCbypreservingAmericanAImodels’abilitytolearnfromcopyrightedmaterial.

Astrategytoseizetheinfrastructureopportunitytodrivegrowth:SustainingAmerica’sleadonAImeansbuildingthenecessaryinfrastructuretocompetewiththePRCandits

commandeeredresources.Weproposepoliciestoseizethisunmissableopportunitytocatalyzeareindustrializationacrossourcountry,creatingandsupportinghundredsof

thousandsofjobs,boostinglocaleconomies,modernizingourenergygrid,andpreparinganAI-readyworkforce—thekeypillarofanycountry’sAIinfrastructure.

Anambitiousgovernmentadoptionstrategy:AdvancingdemocraticAIaroundtheworld

startswithensuringthattheUSgovernmentitselfsetsanexampleofgovernmentsusingAItokeeptheirpeoplesafe,prosperous,andfree.WiththePRCprogressingtoward

ambitioustargetsforAIadoptionacrossitspublicadministration,security,andmilitary,theUSgovernmentshouldmodernizeitsprocessestosafelydeployfrontierAItoolsatthe

paceoftheprivatesectorandwiththeefficiencyAmericansdeserve.

AmericaalwayssucceedswhenitbetsonAmericaningenuity.Theenclosedpolicy

proposalsareeitherderivedfrom,orinthecaseofcopyrightrepresentupdatesto

OpenAI's

EconomicBlueprint

,andwelookforwardtodiscussingthemwithyou.

ChrisLehane

VicePresident,GlobalAffairs

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1.Preemption:EnsuringtheFreedomtoInnovate

Weproposecreatingatightly-scopedframeworkforvoluntarypartnershipbetweenthefederalgovernmentandtheprivatesectortoprotectandstrengthenAmericannationalsecurity.Thisframeworkwouldextendthetraditionofgovernmentreceivinglearnings

andaccess,whereappropriate,inexchangeforprovidingtheprivatesectorrelieffromthe

781andcountingproposedAI-relatedbills

alreadyintroducedthisyearinUSstates.Thispatchworkofregulationsrisksboggingdowninnovationand,inthecaseofAI,

underminingAmerica’sleadershipposition.

OverseenbytheUSDepartmentofCommerceandincoordinationwiththeAICzar,

perhapsbyreimaginingtheUSAISafetyInstitute,thiseffortwouldprovidedomesticAIcompanieswithasingle,efficient“frontdoor”tothefederalgovernmentthatwould

coordinateexpertiseacrosstheentirenationalsecurityandeconomiccompetitivenesscommunities.5

Thistargetedframeworkwouldempowerthefederalgovernmentto:

●WorkwithbothlargeAIcompaniesandstart-upsonapurelyvoluntaryand

optionalbasistostayinformedaboutAIrisksaswellascutting-edgecapabilitiesthatsupportUSnationalinterests,includingbyestablishingsandboxandtestingcapabilitiesonthesecurepremisesoffederalagencies.

●EvaluatethestateofAmericanAItechnologyagainstthetechnologyof

competitorsandadversaries,includingevaluatingforeignmodelsforthepotentialforbackdoorsormaligninfluence.

●Coordinatethedevelopmentoftechnicalstandardsforevaluatingandsafeguardingfrontiermodelsfromnationalsecurityrisks.

●ProvideAmericanAIcompanieswiththetoolsandclassifiedthreatintelligencetomitigatenationalsecurityrisksthatareexacerbatedbyfrontiermodels(e.g.,

cyber,CBRN)andposedbynation-stateactors(e.g.,economicespionagebyChina).

●Incentivizecompaniestotakepartinthisvoluntaryinitiativebycreatingglide

pathsforthemtocontractwiththegovernment,includingonnationalsecurityprojects;creatingstrongprotectionsforanycompanyinformationsharedduringthesepartnerships;andreducingbarrierstocompanies'internalworkrelatedtonationalsecuritydomains.

●Guaranteethatstate-basedlegislationdoesnotundermineAmerica’sinnovationleadonAI.CreateasandboxforAmericanstart-ups,andprovideparticipatingcompanieswithliabilityprotectionsincludingpreemptionfromstate-based

5FederalpreemptionoverexistingorprospectivestatelawswillrequireanactofCongress.

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regulationsthatfocusonfrontiermodelsecurity(e.g.,CASB1047).ThiswillhelpkeeptheUSpublicandprivatesectorscompetitivebyallowingAIcompaniesofallsizestopursuebleeding-edgeAItechnologyfreefromtheregulatory

uncertaintycreatedbysomestate-basedliabilityregimes.

2.ExportControls:ExportingDemocraticAI

AcomprehensiveexportcontrolstrategyshoulddomorethanrestricttheflowofAI

technologiestothePRC—itshouldensurethatAmericais“winningdiffusion”,i.e.,thatasmuchoftheworldaspossibleisalignedtodemocraticvaluesandbuildingon

democraticinfrastructure.Tothatend,weproposethattheUSgovernmentconsidertheTotalAddressableMarket(TAM),i.e.,theentireworldlessthePRCanditsfewallies,

againsttheServiceableAddressableMarket(SAM),i.e.,thosecountrieswhoprefertobuildAIondemocraticrails,andhelpasmanyofthelatteraspossiblecommit,includingbyactuallycommittingtodeployAIinlinewithdemocraticprinciplessetoutbytheUSgovernment.

Inparticular,weproposemaintainingtheAIdiffusionrule’sthree-tieredframeworktodifferentiateamongcountriesintheglobalAImarket,butwithsomekeymodificationsthatexpandthenumberofcountriesinTierI:

TierI:CountriesthatcommittodemocraticAIprinciplesbydeployingAIsystemsinwaysthatpromotemorefreedomsfortheircitizenscouldbeconsideredTierIcountries.

TierII:Limitedtoonlythosecountriesthathaveahistoryoffailingtoprevent

export-controlledchipsandotherUS-developedIPfrombeingdivertedinto,orusedbyTierIIIcountries.ThesecountrieswouldbeencouragedandsupportedtoobtainTierIstatusovertime;andwouldbesubjecttomorestringentsecurityrequirementsintheinterim.

TierIII:CCP-ledChina,alongwithasmallcohortofcountriesalignedwiththeCCP,wouldrepresentitsowncategorythatisprohibitedfromaccessingdemocraticAI

systems.

ThisstrategywouldencourageglobaladoptionofdemocraticAIprinciples,promotingtheuseofdemocraticAIsystemswhileprotectingUSadvantage.Makingsurethat

open-sourcedmodelsarereadilyavailabletodevelopersinthesecountriesalsowillstrengthenouradvantage.WebelievethequestionofwhetherAIshouldbeopenor

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closedsourceisafalsechoice—weneedboth,andtheycanworkinacomplementarywaythatencouragesthebuildingofAIonAmericanrails.

TierIcountriesshouldincludeAmericanallies,aswellasthosecountriesthatare

committedtodemocraticAIprinciplesandthatpresentarelativelylowriskthatAmericanAIinfrastructure(e.g.,chips)willbedivertedtonon-TierIcountries.Thecommercial

diplomacystrategyinTierIshouldrecognizethesecountries’stronghistoryofexport

andcustomscontrolcomplianceandseektomaximallyexpanddemocraticAIsystems’marketshare,whileatthesametimeprotectingthosesystemsfromIPtheftbythePRCandothermalignactors(e.g.,thetheftofmodelweightsand/orchipdesigns,

unauthorizedinfluenceoraccesstodatacenteroperations).

ToexpandmarketshareinTierIcountries,Americancommercialdiplomacypolicyshould:

●Encouragecross-bordercapitalflowsandpromotesoftwareframeworksthatareoptimizedfordomesticchipdesign.

●CoordinateglobalbansonCCP-alignedAIinfrastructure,includingHuaweichips.

●ContinuetorepresentAmericancompanyinterestsinsafetyandsecurity

standardsbodies,andencourageglobalregulatorstoadoptpro-growthsafetyandsecuritypolicies.

●Revisetheexistingexportcontrolrulestoeliminatecountrycapsoncompute.

●Maintainexistingexportlicenseexceptions(e.g.,licenseexceptionACM)thatenableexportsoftechnologyandsoftwarefortechnicalcollaborationwithalliesandpreservationofeconomicallycriticalsupplychains

ToprotecttheUS-developedIPneededtooperatedatacentersinTierIcountries,securityrequirementscouldinclude:

●ProhibitingrelationshipswithTierIIIcountries’foreignmilitaryandintelligenceservices,andtheuseofdatacenterstosupportmilitary/intelligencemissionsforTierIIInationsorhumanrightsviolators.

●BanningtheuseofPRC-producedequipment(e.g.,HuaweiAscendchips)andmodelsthatviolateuserprivacyandcreatesecurityriskssuchastheriskofIPtheft.

●MaintainingcorporatecontrolbyentitiesheadquarteredinTierIcountries.

●Implementing—andconstantlymodernizing—cybersecurity,modelweightsecurity,andpersonnelsecuritycontrolsthatideallyaregloballysyncedandcoordinated

amongTierIgovernments.

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Controlsonmodelweights—ifany—shouldstrikeabalancebetweenprotecting

American-developedIPandpromotingthedeploymentofAmerican-developedmodelsoverthosedevelopedbyTierIIIcountries,includingthePRC.

TierIIcountriesshouldincludethosewithahistoryoffailingtoprevent

export-controlledchipsandotherUS-developedIPfrombeingdivertedinto,orusedbyTierIIIcountries.Here,thecommercialdiplomacystrategyshouldstillseektoexpandUSmarketshare,butshoulddosomorecarefully,includingbylevyingstrongercontrolsontheexportofUS-developedAIinfrastructure.Atthesametime,thestrategyshouldprovidetransparentpathwaysforTierIIcountriestoreachTierIstatusbyadopting

democraticAIprinciplesandmoreeffectivelymanagingrisksofchipdiversion.

ToexpandAmericanmarketshareinTierIIcountries,inadditiontothestepsabove,thecommercialdiplomacypolicycouldbedesignedtoleveragecommercialinterestin

American-ledAIinordertoencourageinvestmentintheUS,enhancedsecurityprocedures,andencouragemorecountriestobuildonAmericanrails:

●Establishatransparentprocesstoevaluatecountries’readinesstotransitionfromTierIItoTierI.

●Supportcountries’transitionfromTierIItoTierIbyhelpingTierIIgovernmentsstrengthentheirin-countrysecurityprograms.

●EncouragegreatereconomicinterdependencebetweentheUSandTierIIcountries.

●Incentivizepublic-privatepartnershipstorapidlymature,scale,andcommercializehardware-enabledmechanismsthatcouldenhancein-countrysecuritycontrolsinthefuture.

ToprotecttheAmerican-developedIPneededtooperatedatacentersinTierIIcountries,

andtomanageboththeheightenedriskofIPtheftandtheadditionalriskthatexport-controlledchipsmightbedivertedfromTierIIintoTierIIIcountries,thecommercialdiplomacypolicyalsocould:

●AllowtheexportofadvancedAIchipstoanend-userlocatedinaTierIIcountrythatmeetsTierIsecurityrequirements,andthatputsinplaceadditionalcorporategovernancecontrolsaswellastechnology-enhancedprotections(e.g.,

hardware-enabledmechanisms)againstthediversionofexport-controlledchips.

TierIIIcountries—includingthePRCandanyothercountrysubjecttoaUSarms

embargo—shouldcontinuetobesubjecttostrictexportcontrolsofAIsystems,includingexistingexportcontrolsonadvancedchips.Thestrategycouldalsoexpandestablishedcontrols,forexample,toincludeadvancedchipsthatarerequiredforlarge-scale

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inferenceandRLtrainingandthecomponentsusedtomanufactureadvancedAIchipsanddatacenters.

3.Copyright:PromotingtheFreedomtoLearn

Americancopyrightlaw,includingthelongstandingfairusedoctrine,protectsthe

transformativeusesofexistingworks,ensuringthatinnovatorshaveabalancedand

predictableframeworkforexperimentationandentrepreneurship.Thisapproachhas

underpinnedAmericansuccessthroughearlierphasesoftechnologicalprogressandisevenmorecriticaltocontinuedAmericanleadershiponAIinthewakeofrecenteventsinthePRC.OpenAI’smodelsaretrainedtonotreplicateworksforconsumptionbythe

public.Instead,theylearnfromtheworksandextractpatterns,linguisticstructures,andcontextualinsights.ThismeansourAImodeltrainingalignswiththecoreobjectivesofcopyrightandthefairusedoctrine,usingexistingworkstocreatesomethingwhollynewanddifferentwithouterodingthecommercialvalueofthoseexistingworks.

AmericahassomanyAIstartups,attractssomuchinvestment,andhasmadesomanyresearchbreakthroughslargelybecausethefairusedoctrinepromotesAIdevelopment.Inothermarkets,rigidcopyrightrulesarerepressinginnovationandinvestment.

TheEuropeanUnion,forone,hascreated“textanddataminingexceptions”withbroadlyapplicable“opt-outs”foranyrightsholder—meaningaccesstoimportantAIinputsislesspredictableandlikelytobecomemoredifficultastheEU’sregulationstakeshape.

UnpredictableavailabilityofinputshindersAIinnovation,particularlyforsmaller,newerentrantswithlimitedbudgets.

TheUKgovernmentiscurrentlyconsideringchangestoitscopyrightregime.Ithasindicatedthatitpreferscreatingadataminingexceptionthatallowsrightsholdersto“reservetheirrights,”creatingthesameregulatorybarrierstoAIdevelopmentthatweseeintheEU.

ApplyingthefairusedoctrinetoAIisnotonlyamatterofAmericancompetitiveness

—it’samatterofnationalsecurity.TherapidadvancesseenwiththePRC’sDeepSeek,amongotherrecentdevelopments,showthatAmerica’sleadonfrontierAIisfarfrom

guaranteed.Givenconcertedstatesupportforcriticalindustriesandinfrastructure

projects,there’slittledoubtthatthePRC’sAIdeveloperswillenjoyunfetteredaccesstodata—includingcopyrighteddata—thatwillimprovetheirmodels.IfthePRC’s

developershaveunfetteredaccesstodataandAmericancompaniesareleftwithoutfairuseaccess,theraceforAIiseffectivelyover.Americaloses,asdoesthesuccessof

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democraticAI.Ultimately,accesstomoredatafromthewidestpossiblerangeofsourceswillensuremoreaccesstomorepowerfulinnovationsthatdeliverevenmoreknowledge.

WeproposethattheUSgovernmenttakestepstoensurethatourcopyrightsystemcontinuestosupportAmericanAIleadershipandAmericaneconomicandnationalsecurity,includingby:

●ShapinginternationalpolicydiscussionsaroundcopyrightandAI,andworkingtopreventlessinnovativecountriesfromimposingtheirlegalregimesonAmericanAIfirmsandslowingourrateofprogress.

●ActivelyassessingtheoveralllevelofdataavailabletoAmericanAIfirmsand

determiningwhetherothercountriesarerestrictingAmericancompanies’accesstodataandothercriticalinputs.

●Encouragingmoreaccesstogovernment-heldorgovernment-supporteddata.

ThiswouldboostAIdevelopmentinanycase,butwouldbeparticularlyimportantifshiftingcopyrightrulesrestrictAmericancompanies’accesstotrainingdata.

●Monitoringdomesticpolicydebatesandongoinglitigation,andweighinginwherefundamental,pro-innovationprinciplesareatrisk.

Generative