2025版高考英语大二轮复习专题一语法填空与短文改错第二部分语法精析第六节并列句和三大从句学案新人教版

PAGEPAGE1第六节并列句和三大从句考向分析热考点语法填空考查的重点是定语从句和名词性从句；低频考点是并列句和状语从句。短文改错重点考查并列连词and，but，or和定语从句的引导词。名词性从句及状语从句较少涉及。新考向2024全国Ⅰ考查了同位语从句和并列连词；2024全国Ⅱ及全国Ⅲ考查了定语从句和并列连词。题型一关于并列句和三大从句的语法填空1．Iworkeq\x(not)becauseIhaveto，becauseIwantto.(2024·全国Ⅱ)答案but解析考查并列连词。句意为：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。此处用but与前面not构成not...but...“不是……而是……”结构，故填but。2．InmuchofAsia，especiallytheso­called“ricebowl”culturesofChina，Japan，Korea，Vietnam，foodisusuallyeatenwithchopsticks.(2024·全国Ⅲ)答案and解析考查并列连词。China，Japan，Korea与Vietnam是并列关系。3．Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdaysevenafewmonths.(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)答案or解析考查并列连词。句意为：但是河流不是几天或者几个月就可以变更的。依据句意可知，设空处应当表示递进含义。oreven表示“甚至，乃至”，故填or。1．推断依据没有提示词，前后均为平行成分：两个主谓完整的句子，同词性单词，词组，非谓语或者同类从句。2．并列连词的基本含义and表并列或顺承，but表转折，or表选择，so表因果，for表因为，while表对比且含义为“而”。3．固定结构①并列关系：both...and...两者都，notonly...but(also)．..不但……而且……②选择关系：either...or...或者……或者……，neither...nor...既不……也不……，not...but...不是……而是……③祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句1．NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.(2024·全国Ⅱ)答案which解析考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为thepetshop，在非限制性定语从句中作opened的宾语，故用which。2．Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmastershadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.(2024·全国Ⅲ)答案who/that解析考查定语从句。句意为：它们被它们的主子训练得很好，它们的主子在照看这些动物方面很有阅历。先行词为masters(主子们)，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填who或that。3．Ontheedgeofthejacket，thereisapieceofclothgivesofflightinthedark.(2024·浙江)答案that/which解析考查限制性定语从句。先行词是cloth，指物，且从句中缺少主语，因此用that或which引导。4．Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethosearetotallyengaged(参加)inacademiclife，takingfulladvantageofthecollege’schancesandresources(资源)．(2024·北京)答案who解析考查限制性定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词those，且在从句中作主语，代指人，故填who。5．Wehaveenteredintoanagedreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.(2024·江苏)答案when解析考查限制性定语从句。句中先行词为anage(一个时代)，且先行词在从句中作时间状语，故填关系副词when。6．Theirchildisatthestageshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.(2024·天津)答案where解析考查限制性定语从句。设空处引导定语从句，先行词是thestage，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。7．Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.(2024·全国Ⅰ)答案that/which解析考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰astudy，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that或which。8．TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoil­testingprogramgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers—and2011，fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.(2024·全国Ⅱ)答案that/which解析考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指物的asoil­testingprogram且在从句中作主语，故用that或which。9．ManywesternerscometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.(2024·浙江)答案who/that解析考查限制性定语从句。先行词是westerners(西方人)，并在从句中作主语，故用who或that引导定语从句。10．Kate，sisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege，hasgonetoworkinAustralia.(2024·天津)答案whose解析句意为：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在高校的时候，我与她的姐姐共住一室。Kate与sister是所属关系，应用whose引导定语从句。故填whose。11．Self­drivingisanareaChinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.(2024·江苏)答案where解析句意为：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界上其他国家处在同一起跑线的领域。分析句子结构可知，area作定语从句的先行词，在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导。故填where。12．Likeanything，itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth，isnotgoodforthehealth.(2024·全国Ⅰ)答案which解析考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，且指代整个主句的内容，表示“这一点，这件事”，故填关系代词which。13．ButSarah，hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels，wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(2024·全国Ⅲ)答案who解析考查非限制性定语从句。引导词代替先行词在从句中作主语，且指人，故用who。1．推断依据①设空处无提示词。②设空处前的句子完整。③设空处后的句子不完整，而且对前面位置相近的名词或句子有修饰或者限定关系。2．三步确定关系词Step1逗号推断限制非限制先行词后面出现逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词往往是代替整句话。①表示“这一点，这件事”，用which引导，肯定不能用that。②as引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”，常见结构有：asiswell­known众所周知asisoftenthecase状况经常如此asisreported正如报道的那样Step2找到先行词，推断是人是物①先行词是人：that/who/whom/whose②先行词是物：that/which/whose③先行词是时间/地点/缘由：when/where/whyStep3依据从句即设空处后面缺少的成分，确定最终答案①缺主语：that/which/who②缺及物动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom③缺介词的宾语：which/whom④缺定语：whose(和先行词构成所属关系)⑤缺时间/地点/缘由状语：when/where/why3．固定句型①therewasatimewhen...曾经有一段……的时间②daysaregonewhen...……的时间一去不复返③thereasonwhy...isthat...……的缘由是……留意：stage/point/case/situation/scene/degree等抽象意义的地点名词作先行词时，若从句成分完整则用where，若从句缺少主宾成分，则用that/which。1．Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°，thereisevidencetheyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic，andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.(2024·全国Ⅰ)答案that解析考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，主句为therebe句型，且结构完整，空格处引导同位语从句，说明说明抽象名词evidence的内容，故填that。2．Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmorethantheygo.(2024·北京)答案where解析考查宾语从句。句意为：学生在高校里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所高校)更重要。这里表达“去哪所高校”，表示地点，作状语。故用where。3．Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidenceplasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.(2024·江苏)答案that解析考查同位语从句。句意为：科学家已经获得更多证据，这些证据表明塑料正在进入人体。从句不缺成分，且说明说明白抽象名词evidence的内容，所以用that引导同位语从句。故填that。4．I’mnotsureismorefrightened，meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.(2024·全国Ⅲ)答案who/which解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：我不确定谁(哪一个)更胆怯 ，是我还是那只不知从哪里突然冒出来的雌猩猩。5．Thisismyfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.(2024·北京)答案what解析句意为：这就是父亲教我的——总是直面困难，并且抱最大的希望。依据设空处前的is可以推断，此处是一个表语从句。teachsb.sth.教给某人某事，引导词作teach的干脆宾语。故填what。6．Thegoldmedalwillbeawardedtowinsthefirstplaceinthebicyclerace.(2024·天津)答案whoever解析句意为：金牌将被授予在自行车竞赛中获得第一名的人。介词to后是宾语从句，从句中动词wins前缺主语，而且金牌给的是“任何人”，故用whoever引导宾语从句。7．Everyyear，makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.(2024·北京)答案whoever解析考查主语从句。句意为：每年，在风筝节上风筝做得最美丽的人会赢得奖品。设空处表示“无论谁”，表泛指，故填whoever。8．Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree­linedstreet，notknowingshewasheading.(2024·北京)答案where解析考查宾语从句。句意为：简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，并不知道要去哪里。故填where。9．SheaskedmeIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary，andIadmittedthatIhadn’t.(2024·天津)答案whether/if解析考查宾语从句。句意为：她问我是否已将那些书还给了图书馆，我承认还没还。故填whether/if。10．Asnaturalarchitects，thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlythicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.(2015·全国Ⅱ)答案how解析设空处引导宾语从句，作figuredout的宾语。从句不缺主宾表成分，故设空处在从句中作状语。thick为形容词，只能用how修饰，表示程度。故填how。1．推断依据：名词性从句的位置特点①主语从句往往位于句首，或者it作形式主语位于句首。②宾语从句位于及物动词或者介词之后。③表语从句位于系动词之后。④同位语从句位于抽象意义的名词之后，如：fact，idea，news，truth，hope，doubt，suggestion，belief，evidence等，说明抽象名词的内容。2．分析从句缺少成分，推断常见引导词①缺少主宾表，考虑用what/who/whom/which或者whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever。③不缺少成分，缺少含义“是否”，考虑用whether/if，首选whether。④不缺少成分，不缺少含义，考虑用that。3．用引导词含义代入到句子中理解，对解决名词性从句有奇效。4．留意：①what是高频考点。除了在从句中充当主宾表成分以外，还充当定语。如：Itisuncertainwhatsideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout，althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.②that引导名词性从句，没有含义，不充当成分。但是只在引导第一个宾语从句时可以省略。that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句或其次个宾语从句时肯定不行以省略。5．重点句型What...isthat...what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句。如：Whatisthemostimportantisthateveryoneshouldbepresentintime.1．Tomissoindependentthatheneveraskshisparents’opinionhewantstheirsupport.(2024·天津)答案unless解析考查条件状语从句。句意为：汤姆是如此独立，以至于他从来不征求父母的看法，除非他想得到他们的支持。依据句意知空处引导从句，前面征求父母看法是条件，又有否定词never，故填unless。2．wedon’tstopclimatechange，manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.(2024·北京)答案If解析句意为：假如我们不阻挡气候变更，世界上的很多动植物将会消逝。此处应用if引导条件状语从句，表示主句动作发生的条件；又因为在句首，留意大写。故填If。3．Let’snotpickthesepeachesuntilthisweekendthattheygetsweetenoughtobeeaten.(2024·天津)答案so解析句意为：我们到本周末再摘这些桃子吧，以便它们吃起来足够甜。sothat意为“以便，为了”，引导目的状语从句，符合语境，故填so。答案Although/Though/While解析考查状语从句。句意为：虽然鸟儿用羽毛来飞行，但是它们的一些羽毛也有其他用途。前后为让步关系，引导词位于句首留意大写。故填Although/Though/While。5．Ifyoudon’tunderstandsomething，youmayresearch，study，andtalktootherpeopleyoufigureitout.(2024·北京)答案until/till解析考查状语从句。句意为：假如不了解某个事物，你可以探讨、学习、与他人探讨，直到(until/till)弄清晰。until/till直到……为止，引导时间状语从句，符合语境。故填until/till。6．LocatedtheBeltmeetstheRoad，JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.(2024·江苏)答案where解析句意为：由于位于“一带一路”的交汇处，江苏将为“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。located表示“坐落在，位于”，所以设空处引导状语从句修饰动词located，且在从句中作地点状语，表示“在‘一带一路’的交汇处”，故填where。7．Overtime，thepopulationgrew，peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.(2024·全国Ⅲ)答案as/when解析考查连词。as/when当……时，随着……，在此处引导时间状语从句。故填as/when。1．推断依据状语从句是用来描述动作发生的状态，如时间、缘由、地点、条件等。假如设空前后两个句子有肯定的逻辑关系，就考虑选用状语从句引导词。2．高频状语从句引导词①时间状语从句：when/while/as/themoment/whenever/until/till/before/after/assoonas/immediately/once/since②地点状语从句：where/wherever③缘由状语从句：as/because/since/nowthat④条件状语从句：if/unless/aslongas/incase⑤目的状语从句：sothat/inorderthat⑥结果状语从句：sothat/so...that.../such...that...⑦让步状语从句：though/although/as/while/evenif/whether...or.../whatever/whoever/however/whenever/nomatter＋疑问词3．as表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句时，须要把表语前置到句首。作表语的名词前置时，有冠词的要去掉冠词。如：Difficultasitmaybe＝Although/ThoughitmaybedifficultSilentstudentasheis＝Although/Thoughheisasilentstudent题型二关于并列句和三大从句的短文改错1．Suddenlyafootballfelljustinfrontofmebutalmosthitme.(2024·全国Ⅰ)答案but→and解析考查连词。句意为：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。故将but改为and。2．WhenIstudiedchemistryinhighschool，Ireconsideredmygoalordecidedtobeadoctor.(2024·全国Ⅱ)答案or→and3．Attheendofourtrip，ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedtoreturneverytwoyears，butheagreed.(2024·全国Ⅰ)答案but→and解析行文逻辑错误。“我告知爸爸我准备每两年回家一次”与“他同意”之间是顺承关系，故将but改为and。4．Everyonewassilent，waitingtoseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisandherparagraphaloud.(2024·全国Ⅲ)答案and→or解析行文逻辑错误。his与her之间为选择关系，而非并列关系，故将and改为or。5．Ihavegrownnotonlyphysically，andalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.(2024·全国Ⅲ)答案and→but1．分析句子结构，读懂句子上下文逻辑关系。2．对and，but，or要敏感。3．并列连词不能和从属连词同时运用。假如出现although/though，就要删除后面的but。1．OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool，Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.(2024·全国Ⅰ)答案where→when解析考查定语从句。先行词oneafternoon表示时间，在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词运用when。故将where改为when。2．Inthecafe，customerswillenjoythemselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhatiscreatedforthem.(2024·全国Ⅲ)答案what→that/which解析考查定语从句。先行词environment在从句中作主语，指物，关系代词用that/which。故把what改为that/which。3．Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.(2024·全国Ⅰ)答案which→where或在which前面加in解析句法错误。pond是表示地点的名词，后面的定语从句主、谓、宾成分齐全，故用where或“介词＋which”引导定语从句；表达“在池塘里”用介词in。4．Intheirsparetime，theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden，thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.(2024·全国Ⅱ)答案that→which解析句法错误。此处是非限制性定语从句，应用which而不能用that引导。在定语从句中，应依据从句的先行词和关系词在从句中作什么句子成分来确定关系词。若在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，就用关系代词；若作状语，就用关系副词。1．MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.(2024·全国Ⅰ)答案that→where解析考查宾语从句。由句子结构可知，介词to之后为宾语从句，且引导词在宾语从句中作地点状语。故用where引导。2．Afterlookingatthetoyforsometime，heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.(2015·全国Ⅱ)答案where→that或者删除where解析found后面是宾语从句。从句中不缺少成分，也不缺少含义，所以把where可改成that；又因为that引导第一个宾语从句时可以省略，所以此处还可以删除where。在名词性从句中，应依据从句中缺少什么句子成分来确定连接词。若从句中缺少主语、表语和宾语，就用连接代词；若作状语，就用连接副词；若不缺少成分，就要考虑句子意思是否完整，是否须要用whether/if，假如不缺少成分且意思完整，则用that。1．ThegamesmyparentstaughtmewhereIwasachildturnedouttobeveryusefullaterinmylife.(2024·全国Ⅱ)答案where→when解析句法错误。Iwasachild表示的是“时间”而非“地点”，故应用when引导时间状语从句。2．IwassomuchnervousthatIcouldhardlytellwhichdirectionwasleft.(2024·全国Ⅰ)答案删除much解析句法错误。这句话中含有so...that...(如此……以至于……)结构，故much在此处是多余的。通过语境推断上下文的逻辑关系是时间、地点、条件、缘由、让步、目的或其他，最终确定从属连词。增分训练增分单句训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Andnexttimeourpathscross，wegreetsmile，whichisenoughtobrightentheday.(2024·广东佛山顺德区质检)答案and解析考查连词。句意为：下次当我们再次相遇时，我们相互问候，面带微笑，这足以让我们快乐一成天。“问候”与“微笑”为并列关系，故用并列连词and。2．TherearenoknowncasesthissecurityhasbeenviolatedanddozensofBrunelstudentsarealreadyusingthetechnology.(2024·河南六市联考)答案where解析考查定语从句。句意为：目前还没有这种平安被侵扰的已知案例，布鲁内尔学院的很多学生已经在运用这种技术。句中先行词为cases，为抽象意义的地点名词，在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。3．Shorterhoursofsunlightandcoolertemperaturesalsorelatetohigherratesofdepression，islinkedtoanincreaseindrinking.(2024·湖北名校联盟信息卷)答案which4．Afteran8­yearstruggle，thesuccessoftheHongKong­Zhuhai­MacaoBridge(HZMB)achievesseveralgenerationshavebeendreamingof.(2024·山东青岛二模)答案what解析考查宾语从句。句意为：经过8年的奋斗，港珠澳大桥的胜利实现了几代人的幻想。此处动词achieves后面是宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，且从句的谓语动词dreamingof缺少宾语，所填连接词要起双重作用，故答案为what。5．Youshouldsetagoalandseeyoucanachieveitinthecomingexam.(2024·天津部分区调研)答案whether/if解析考查宾语从句。句意为：你应当设定一个目标，看看你是否能在即将来临的考试中实现它。依据句意可知此处表示“是否”，故填whether/if。6．AndtherearetimesIamcertaintherightwordsdonotevenexist.(2024·河北衡水调研)答案when解析句意为：有时我确信正确的词语甚至不存在。此处times作先行词，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，故答案为when。Ⅱ.易错练习1．matterstoamuseumisnothowmanyvisitorsithas，buthowcloseitistopeople’sdailylife.(2024·湖北鄂南中学等八校联考)答案What解析考查主语从句。句意为：对于一个博物馆而言，重要的不是有多少游客，而是它有多贴近人们的生活。空处引导主语从句且在从句中作主语，并在句首，须要大写，故填What。2．Whatmakesourschoolfamousismorethan90%ofthestudentshavebeenadmittedtouniversities.(2024·天津市十二重点中学联考)答案that解析考查表语从句。句意为：让我们学校出名的是百分之九十多的学生都被高校录用了。分析句式可知，设空处位于系动词之后，引导表语从句，从句不缺成分，意思完整，因此要用that。3．caughtintherainunexpectedly，westillenjoyedthejourneyverymuch.(2024·天津市部分区二模)答案Although/Though/While解析考查状语从句。句意为：尽管意外地被雨淋了，我们仍旧特别享受这次旅行。依据“westillenjoyedthejourneyverymuch”可知此处表示“尽管”，又因在句首，须要大写，故填Although/Though/While。4．Yelangwasanancientpoliticalcentrefirstdescribedinthe3rdcenturyBC，anditwascenteredinisnowwesternGuizhouProvince，China.(2024·广东揭阳二模)答案what解析考查宾语从句。介词in后面是宾语从句，宾语从句缺少主语，故填what。5．Asaresult，peoplewillneverworryabouttheconsequencetheymaygetfakenotes.(2024·江西省重点中学协作体联考)答案that解析考查同位语从句。句意为：因此，人们恒久不会担忧他们可能会收到假钞。本句中theymaygetfakenotes是consequence的同位语，而且从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故填that。Ⅲ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1．Hekneltdownonthegroundbuthelpedtheoldhomelessmanputhisshoeson.(2024·广东茂名五校联盟)答案but→and解析考查并列连词。句意为：他跪在地上，帮那个无家可归的老人穿上鞋子。此处是递进关系，故把but改成and。2．Itisreallyinterestingwatchingtheirmovements，becauseIneverfeeldullspendingmytimewiththem.(2024·新疆乌鲁木齐质检)答案because→so解析考查并列连词。句意为：视察他们的动作真的很好玩，所以花时间和他们在一起我从不觉得无聊。前后表示因果关系，故把because改成so。3．Besides，EnglishChannelsshouldbeopened，fromthatforeignvisitorscangetmoreinformationaboutourculture.(2024·安徽宣城二模)答案that→which4．Themomentshesawthespecialgift，shehuggedmeaffectionately，tearsrollinginhereyes，whatmademyparentssmilegenuinelyaswell.答案what→which解析句意为：她一看到这份特殊的礼物，就深情地拥抱着我，热泪盈眶，这也让我的父母由衷地兴奋。此处为定语从句，而what不能用来引导定语从句。分析句子结构可知，应用which代替前面的整个句子，作非限制性定语从句的主语。故将what改为which。5．Mymotherwasdrivingmetoschoolwhilewesawacyclistfalloffhisbikeontothesideoftheroadahead.答案while→when解析句意为：我妈妈正开车送我去学校时，突然我们望见一个骑自行车的人从自行车上摔下来，摔在了前面的路边。bedoing...when...正在做……这时突然……。所以将while改成when。增分写作训练——从句在写作中的应用1．Ihaveeverservedasavolunteerinourschool’s70thanniversarycelebration，soIamqualifiedfortheposition.(非限制性定语从句)(2024·全国Ⅰ)Ihaveeverservedasavolunteerinourschool’s70thanniversarycelebration，whichmakesmequalifiedfortheposition.2．Asiswidelyaccepted，beingpunctualisvitalonsuchanimportantoccasion.(2024·全国Ⅱ)①Itiswidelyacceptedthatbeingpunctualisvitalonsuchanimportantoccasion.(it作形式主语的主语从句)②Whatiswidelyacceptedisthatbeingpunctualisvitalonsuchanimportantoccasion.(what引导的主语从句＋表语从句)3．WewillcelebratetheannualMusicFestival，andwewillholdavarietyofactivitiestomarkthisgreatmoment.(where引导的定语从句＋被动语态)(2024·全国Ⅲ)WewillcelebratetheannualMusicFestival，whereavarietyofactivitieswillbeheldtomarkthisgreatmoment.强化练(八)Ⅰ.语法填空A(2024·福建福州适应性练习)Chineseoracleboneinscriptions(甲骨文)arenowbeingwidelyusedasemojisbyyoungWeChatusers，thankstoapersonwhomadethem1.(close)topeople’slifethanbefore.“Theancientcharactersarenotasdistant2.theyaresupposedtobe，”saidthemeans“drunk”inEnglish，wascreated6.(look)likeastumblingfigure.AndhehasalsocombinedtheancientChinesecharacterswithcartoonfigures.Chen7.(work)ontheroadofinnovation19yearsago.In2024，theancienttypeface8.(include)intothefontlibrary(字库)underhiseffortstolettheancientwordswalkintofuture，hewillapplytheancientcharacterstoeducationanddevelopmentofgamesandapps.eq\x(语篇解读文章讲解并描述了有着悠久历史的甲骨文作为表情包正在被年轻的微信用户们广泛运用。)1．答案closer解析考查形容词比较级。依据空后的thanbefore可知，空处应用形容词比较级，故填closer。2．答案as解析考查连词。这里as表示“像……一样”。此处表示“甲骨文并不像被认为的那样遥远”，故填as。3．答案creator解析考查名词。这里指产品的创作者，应用名词形式，故填creator。4．答案into解析考查介词。这位46岁的清华高校美术教授始终致力于将甲骨文转化为表情符号。osth.把……变成……，为固定短语。5．答案which解析考查非限制性定语从句。空处引导定语从句，指代先行词“thecharacterfor‘zui’”，且在从句中作主语，故填which。6．答案tolook解析考查非谓语动词。依据语境并分析句子结构可知，空处应用不定式作目的状语，故填tolook。7．答案worked解析考查动词的时态。依据时间状语19yearsago可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填worked。8．答案wasincluded解析考查动词的时态和语态。依据时间状语In2024可知空处应用一般过去时；再依据theancienttypeface与include之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填wasincluded。9．答案but/yet解析考查连词。依据语境可知，空处前后内容之间为转折关系，故填but/yet。10．答案the解析考查冠词。inthefuture意为“在将来”，为固定短语，故填定冠词the。B(2024·四川绵阳诊断)ForNigelPortman，aloveoftravellingbeganwithwhat’scalleda“gapyear”．IncommonwithmanyotherBritishteenagers，hechose11.(take)ayearoutbeforesettlingdowntohisstudyforadegree.Afterdoingvarious12.(job)toraisesomemoney，helefthometogainsomeexperienceoflifeindifferentcultures，visitingAmericaandAsia.Themoreadventuroustheyoungpersons，the13.(great)thechallengetheyarelikelytoset14.(them)forthegapyear，andforsome，likeNigel，itcanresultinathirstforadventure.(main)onbicyclesandhisownlegs；andwhenthere’sanoceantocross，hewon’tbetakingashortcut18.flyingaboard—he’llbejoiningthecrewofasailingship，instead.Aswellasdoingsomemountainclimbingalong19.way，Nigelhopestopassontothepeoplehemeetstheenvironmentalmessage20.liesbehindthewholeidea.eq\x(语篇解读本文主要讲解并描述了一个高校生利用“间隔年”去旅行，以实际行动倡议环保的故事。)11．答案totake解析考查非谓语动词。choosetodosth.为固定用法，意为“选择做某事”，故用不定式作宾语。12．答案jobs解析考查名词复数。job是可数名词，且依据其前的定语various可知，此处应用复数形式，表示“各种工作”。13．答案greater解析考查形容词比较级。依据固定句型the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..“越……越……”可知，此处用形容词比较级。14．答案themselves解析考查代词。喜爱冒险的年轻人很可能给他们自己设置更大的间隔年挑战。此处与they呼应，故用反身代词作宾语。15．答案hascome解析考查动词时态。nowthat是连词，引导缘由状语从句，意为“既然”，由此可知事情已经发生，应用完成时，且与语境中的is呼应，故用现在完成时。16．答案using解析考查非谓语动词。动词use和主语he是逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处用现在分词短语作伴随状语。17．答案mainly解析考查副词。副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，在句子中作状语，故用副词mainly修饰谓语动词relying。18．答案by/through解析考查介词。依据语境可知，此处表示“以……方式/方法”，与上文中的meansoftransport呼应，故用介词by/through。19．答案the解析考查冠词。alongtheway为固定搭配，意为“沿途，一路上”，符合语境，故用定冠词the。20．答案that/which解析考查定语从句。此处用that/which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词theenvironmentalmessage。Ⅱ.短文改错21(2024·江西五校联考)DearPeter，I’mverygladtoreceiveyoure­mailaskingforinformationaboutthehostfamilywehavearrangedyoutostaywith.Locatinginabeautifulandquietneighborhood，thehousewasbigenoughtoenableyoutohavearoomofyourown.Apartfromtheconvenientpublictransportation，ourprivatecarwillmakeyourvisiteasy.BecauseallthefamilymemberscanspeakfluentlyEnglishandhaveoutgoingpersonalities，I’msureyouwillhavenotroublecommunicatewiththem.Aboveall，theyhostedtheAmericanstudentlastyear，throughthattheygainedlotsofexperience.Inadditionto，thehostesscookingwillguaranteeyouawonderfulchanceoftastingdeliciousChinesefood.Hopeyouenjoyyourstaythere.Yours，LiHua答案DearPeter，I’mverygladtoreceiveyoure­mailaskingforinformationaboutthehostfamilywehavearrangedeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(for))youtostaywith.eq\f(Locating,Located)inabeautifulandquietneighborhood，thehouseeq\f(was,is)bigenoughtoenableyoutohavearoomofyourown.Apartfromtheconvenientpublictransportation，eq\f(our,their)privatecarwillmakeyourvisiteasy.Becauseallthefamilymemberscanspeakeq\f(fluently,fluent)Englishandhaveoutgoingpersonalities，I’msureyouwillhavenotroubleeq\f(communicate,communicating)withthem.Aboveall，theyhostedeq\f(the,an)Americanstudentlastyear，througheq\f(that,which)theygainedlotsofexperience.Inadditionto，theeq\f(hostess,hostess’s)cookingwillguaranteeyouawonderfulchanceoftastingdeliciousChinesefood.Hopeyouenjoyyourstaythere.Yours，LiHuaⅢ.阅读理解(2024·晋冀鲁豫中原名校联考)DutchdesignerDaanRoosegaardehasspentmuchofhistimeseekingartisticsolutionstosolveourenvironmentalproblems.Hispastprojectsinclude“Bioluminescent(生物发光)Trees”tolightstreets，a“Smog­FreeTower”tocleanBeijing’spollutedair，and“GatesofLight”，whichusestheheadlampsofpassingcarstolightupthe60floodgatesoftheAfsluitdijk，amajordamintheNetherlands.Now，heishopingtousehisskillstosolveapressingglobalproblem—spacejunk!Scientistsguessthatthereareover500,000bitsoflargerubbish.Todealwiththeproblem，Roosegaardeintendstoachievehisgoalbyeducatingthepublicabouttheneedofthesituationandcomingupwithpossiblesolutions.Theplan，calledtheSpaceWasteLab，startedinOctober2024withalaser(激光)showintheNetherlands.TheuniqueoutdoorartworkofLEDsusedreal­timetrackinginformationtopointatpiecesofspacejunkfloatingataltitudesof200to20,000kilometers.Theexperiencewasdesignedtomakethepublicknowmoreabouthowmuchspacejunkthereare.Tofindasolution，thedesignerhasbeenthinkingwithexperts.Oneoftheprojectsbeingconsideredis“ShootingStars”，whichattemptstoreintroducethetrashtotheatmosphereinacontrolledway.Uponreentry，thewastewouldburnintheatmospherelikeashootingstar.Roosegaardeenvisagesthatifsuccessful，burningspacetrashcouldsomedayreplacefireworksatlargepublicevents!InSeptember2024，theRemoveDEBRISsatellitesuccessfullysentanettocatchatargetwhileorbitingatanaltitudeofabout300kilometers(190miles)．Sometimethisyear，thecapsulewillsetfreeaharpoonthathasbeendesignedtoremovespacetrash.Attheendofitstask，RemoveDEBRISwillletgoasailtobringthesatelliteitself，andhopefullysometrash，backintotheatmospherewhereitwillburnup.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲解并描述了一位荷兰设计师试图通过艺术的形式有创意地解决太空垃圾问题。22．WhatcanweinferaboutDaanRoosegaarde?A．Heistooaggressivetoputforwardgoodplans.B．Heiscreativeinsolvingenvironmentalproblems.C．Heisfondofspendingallofhistimeseekingartskills.D．Heissensitivetoartreflectedinenvironmentalprojects.答案B解析推理推断题。依据第一段中的“Hispastprojectsinclude‘Bioluminescent(生物发光)Trees’tolightstreets，a‘SmogFreeTower’tocleanBeijing’spollutedair，and‘GatesofLight’，whichusestheheadlampsofpassingcarstolightupthe60floodgatesoftheAfsluitdijk，amajordamintheNetherlands.”可知，他过去的项目包括点亮街道的生物发光树、净化北京污染空气的雾霾净化塔以及荷兰一座大坝的防洪闸，由此可知，丹·罗斯加德在解决环境问题上很有创建力，故B项正确。23．WhywasalasershowheldinOctober2024?A．Toconfirmreal­timeinformationaboutspacetrash.B．ToshowthegreatbeautyofLEDstocommonpeople.C．Toraisepublicawarenessoftheamountofspacetrash.D．Toinspirepeopletoconsiderthesolutiontospacetrash.答案C解析细微环节理解题。依据其次段最终两句“TheuniqueoutdoorartworkofLEDsusedreal­timetrackinginformationtopointatpiecesofspacejunkfloatingataltitudesof200to20,000kilometers.Theexperiencewasdesignedtomakethepublicknowmoreabouthowmuchspacejunkthereare.”可知，举办这个激光表演的目的是提高公众对太空垃圾数量的相识，故C项正确。24．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“envisage”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Suspect. B．Demand.C．Advise. D．Imagine.答案D解析词义揣测题。依据画线词后的“...ifsuccessful，burningspacetrashcouldsomedayreplacefireworksatlargepublicevents！”可知，丹·罗斯加德设想，假如胜利的话，焚烧太空垃圾有一天会取代大型活动中的烟火，由此可知画线词意为“设想，想象”，故D项正确。25．Whatisthefunctionofasail?A．Bringingthesatellitetotheatmospheretoburn.B．Keepingtrashtravelingalongitsownorbit.C．Takingthesatelliteawayfromtheatmosphere.D．Removingspacetrashoutofthecapsule.答案A解析细微环节理解题。依据最终一段最终一句“Attheendofitstask，RemoveDEBRISwillletgoasailtobringthesatelliteitself，andhopefullysometrash，backintotheatmospherewhereitwillburnup.”可知，帆的作用是在任务结束时将卫星带入到大气层中自动焚毁，故A项正确。Ⅳ.完形填空(2024·湖南长郡中学检测)Oneofthemostremarkablethingsaboutthehumanmindisourabilitytoimaginethefuture.Inour26，wecanseewhathasnotyethappened.Forexample，whilewearelookingforwardto27anewplaceorcountry，we28whatitwillbelike.Wepredictthe29peoplewilleat，dressandact.Ofcourse，wedonotalwayspredictthings30.Thingsareoftenverydifferentfromthewaywe31themtobe.Oneofthe32dreamsinhistoryisthedreamoftheGermanscientist，Kekule，whohadbeen33toworkoutaverydifficultprobleminphysics.Hehad34andanalyzedtheproblemfromeveryanglefordays，butthere35tobenowayof36outtheanswer.Thenonenighthewenttobedanddreamed.Whenhe37up，herealizedthatheknewtheanswer.Hehadsolvedtheprobleminhis38.Itissaidthatinordertofigureouttheprocess，thehypnotist(催眠师)satinthechairoppositehimandspoke39：“Iwantyoutoconcentrateonmyvoice.Thinkabout40.Youknownothingbutmyvoice.Andasyoupayattentiontomyvoice，your41willgetheavier.Soonyou’llbeasleep.Youwillhearmyvoiceand42mywords，butyourbodywillbeasleep，youreyesaretooheavy.Youare43asleep，andwhenyouwakeup，youwill44nothing.Youwillforgeteverything.NowIamgoingto45slowlyfromonetofive.One，two，three，four，five...”语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文通过德国科学家凯库勒的故