英语四级真题试卷

英语四级真题试卷

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutesto

writeashortessayonthechallengesoflivinginabigcity.You

shouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)

听力音频MP3文件，点击进入听力真题页面

SectionANewsReport

Directions：Inthissection,youwillhearthreenews

reportSoAttheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoor

threequestionsoBoththenewsreportandthequestionswill

bespokenonlyonce。Afteryouhearaquestion,youmust

choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),

C)andD)oThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer

Sheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentreo

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhave

justheard.

1.A)Landaspacevehicleonthemoonin2019.

B)Designanewgenerationofmobilephones.

C)Setupamobilephonenetworkonthemoon.

D)Gatherdatafromthemoonwithatinydevice.

2.A)Itisstable.

B)Itisdurable.

C)Itisinexpensive.

D)Itissophisticated.

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhave

justheard.

3.A)Itlastedmorethansixhours.

B)Noinjurieswereyetreported.

C)Nobodywasinthebuildingwhenitbrokeout.

D)Ithadburnedfor45minutesbythetimefirefighters

arrived.

4.A)Recruitandtrainmorefirefighters.

B)Pulldownthedesertedshoppingmall.

C)Turntheshoppingmallintoanamusementpark.

D)Findmoneytorenovatethelocalneighborhood.

Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhave

justheard.

5.A)Shrinkingpotatofarming.

B)Heavyrelianceonimport.

C)Widespreadplantdisease.

D)Insufficientpotatosupply.

6.A)Itintendstokeepitstraditionaldiet.

B)Itwantstoexpanditsownfarming.

C)Itisafraidofthespreadofdisease.

D)Itisworriedaboutunfaircompetition.

7.A)Globalwarming.

B)Ever-risingprices.

C)Governmentregulation.

D)Diminishinginvestment.

SectionBConversation

Directions：Inthissection,youwillheartwolong

conversationsoAttheendofeachconversationsyouwillhear

fourquestionsoBoththeconversationsandthequestion-swill

bespokenonlyonce。AfteryouhearaquestionoYoumust

choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),

C)andD)oThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer

Sheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhave

justheard.

8.A)Informative.

B)Inspiring.

C)Dull.

D)Shallow.

9.A)Shetypesonakeyboard.

B)Shedoesrecording.

C)Shetakesphotos.

D)Shetakesnotes.

10.A)Itkeepshermindactive.

B)Itmakesherstayawake.

C)Itenableshertothinkhard.

D)Ithelpsherkilltime.

11.A)Itenableshertoimproveherpronunciation.

B)Ithelpsherbetterrememberwhatshelearns.

C)Itturnsouttobeanenjoyablewayoflearning.

D)Itprovestobefarmoreeffectivethanwriting.

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhave

justheard.

12.A)Tospendherhoneymoon.

B)TotryauthenticIndianfood.

C)TotakephotosoftheTajMahal.

D)Totracetheoriginofalovestory.

13.A)Inmemoryofaprincess.

B)Inhonorofagreatemperor.

C)Tomarkthedeathofanemperorofthe1600s.

D)Tocelebratethebirthofaprincess's14thchild.

14.A)Itlooksolderthanexpected.

B)Itisbuiltofwoodandbricks.

C)Itstoreslotsofpricelessantiques.

D)Ithaswallsdecoratedwithjewels.

15.A)Theirstreetsarenarrow.

B)Theyaremostlycrowded.

C)Eachonehasauniquecharacter.

D)Lifecanbetediousinsomeplaces.

SectionCPassage

Directions：Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassageso

Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfour

questionsoBoththepassageandthequestionswillbespoken

onlyonceoAfteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethe

bestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)o

ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1witha

singlelinethroughthecentre.

Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust

heard.

16.A)Theyhelpspreadthelatesttechnology.

B)Theygreatlyenrichpeople'sleisurelife.

C)Theyprovideresidentswiththeresourcesneeded.

D)Theyallowfreeaccesstodigitalbooksandvideos.

17.A)Byhelpingthemfindjobs.

B)Byinspiringtheircreativity.

C)Bykeepingthemoffthestreets.

D)Byprovidingaplaceofrelaxation.

18.A)Theirinteractionwithteenagersprovedfruitful.

B)Theyusedlibrarieslessoftenthanteenagers.

C)Theytendedtovisitlibrariesregularly.

D)Theirnumberincreasedmodestly.

Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust

heard.

19.A)Itisthecleverestcatintheworld.

B)ItisthelargestcatinAfrica.

C)Itisanunusualcrossbreed.

D)Itisalarge-sizedwildcat.

20.A)Theyareasloyalasdogs.

B)Theyhaveunusuallylongtails.

C)Theyarefondofsleepingincabinets.

D)Theyknowhowtopleasetheirowners.

21.A)Theyshaketheirfrontpaws.

B)Theyteachthemtodive.

C)Theyshowerwiththem.

D)Theyshoutatthem.

Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejust

heard.

22.A)Anxiousanddepressed.

B)Contentedandrelieved.

C)Excitedbutsomewhatsad.

D)Proudbutabitnervous.

23.A)Itisbecomingparentsbiggestconcern.

B)Itisgainingincreasingpublicattention.

C)Itdependsontheirparentsforsuccess.

D)Itstartsthemomenttheyareborn.

24.A)Setagoodexampleforthemtofollow.

B)Readbooksandmagazinestothem.

C)Helpthemtolearnbythemselves.

D)Choosetherightschoolforthem.

25.A)Theirintelligence.

B)Theirhomelife.

C)Theefforttheyputinlearning.

D)Thequalityoftheirschool.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithten

blanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfrom

alistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.

Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.

Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingleline

throughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthe

bankmorethanonce.

Millionsdieearlyfromairpollutioneachyear.Airpollution

coststheglobaleconomymorethan$5trillionannuallyin

welfarecosts,withthemostserious26occurringinthe

developingworld.

Thefiguresincludeanumberofcosts27withair

pollution.Lostincomealoneamountsto$225billionayear.

Thereportincludesbothindoorandoutdoorairpollution.

Indoorpollution,whichincludes28likehomeheating

andcooking,hasremained29overthepastseveral

decadesdespiteadvancesinthearea.Levelsofoutdoor

pollutionhavegrownrapidlyalongwithrapidgrowthin

industryandtransportation.

DirectorofInstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluation

ChrisMurray30itasan“urgentcalltoaction."Oneof

theriskfactorsforprematuredeathsistheairwebreathe,over

whichindividualshavelittle31,hesaid.

Theeffectsofairpollutionareworstinthedeveloping

world,whereinsomeplaceslost-laborincome32nearly

1%ofGDP.Around9in10peopleinlowandmiddle-income

countriesliveinplaceswherethey33experience

dangerouslevelsofoutdoorairpollution.

Buttheproblemisnotlimited34tothedeveloping

world.ThousandsdieprematurelyintheU.S.asaresultof

relatedillnesses.InmanyEuropeancountries,wherediesel(柴

油)35havebecomemorecommoninrecentyears,that

numberreachestensofthousands.

A)ability

B)associate

C)consciously

D)constant

E)control

F)damage

G)described

H)equals

I)exclusively

J)innovated

K)regularly

L)relates

M)sources

N)undermine

0)vehicles

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassage

withtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontains

informationgiveninoneoftheparagraphsIdentifythe

paragraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmay

chooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarked

withaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Food-as-MedicineMovementIsWitnessingProgress

A)Severaltimesamonth,youcanfindadoctorinthe

aislesofRalph'smarketinHuntingtonBeach,California,

wearingawhitecoatandhelpingpeoplelearnaboutfood.On

onerecentday,thisdoctorwasDanielNadeau,wanderingthe

cerealaislewithAllisonScott,givinghersomeideaonhowto

feedkidswhopersistentlyavoidanythingthatishealthy."Have

youthoughtabouttryingfreshjuicesinthemorning?"heasks

her."Thefrozenorangesandapplesarealittlecheaper,and

fruitsarereallygoodforthebrain.Juicesarequickandeasyto

prepare;youcantakethefrozenfruitoutthenightbeforeand

haveitreadythenextmorning."

B)Scottisdelightedtogetfoodadvicefromaphysician

whoisprogramdirectorofthenearbyMaryandDickAllen

DiabetesCenter,partoftheSt.JosephHoagHealthalliance.

Thecenter's"ShopwithYourDoc"programsendsdoctorsto

thegrocerystoretomeetwithanypatientswhosignupforthe

service,plusanyothershopperswhohappentobearoundwith

questions.

C)Nadeaunot?ce?thepre-mademaca

ron?(通心、粉)-and-chee?eboxe??n?cott*??h

opp?ngcartandsuggestssheswitchtowholegrain

macaroniandrealcheese."SoI'dhavetomakeit?"sheasks,

herenthusiasmfadingatthethoughtofhowlongthatmight

take,justtohaveherkidsrejectit.'Tmnotsurethey'deatit.

Theyjustwon'teatit."

D)Nadeausayssugarandprocessedfoodsarebig

contributorstotherisingdiabetesratesamongchildren."In

America,over50percentofourfoodisprocessedfood,"

Nadeautellsher."Andonly5percentofourfoodisplant-based

food.Ithinkweshouldtrytoreversethat."Scottagreestotry

morefruitjuicesforthekidsandtomakerealmacaroniand

cheese.Scoreonepointforthedoctor;zerofordiabetes.

E)Nadeauispartofasmallrevolutiondevelopingacross

California.Thefood-as-medicinemovementhasbeenaround

fordecades,butit'smakingprogressasphysiciansandmedical

institutionsmakefoodaformalpartoftreatment,ratherthan

relyingsolelyonmedications(药物).Byprescribingnutritional

changesorlaunchingprogramssuchas"ShopwithYourDoc",

theyaretryingtoprevent,limitorevenreversediseaseby

changingwhatpatientseat."There'snoquestionpeoplecan

takethingsalongwaytowardreversingdiabetes,reversinghigh

bloodpressure,evenpreventingcancerbyfoodchoices,"

Nadeausays.

F)Inthebigpicture,saysDr.RichardAfabIe,CEOand

presidentofSt.JosephHoagHealth,medicalinstitutionsacross

thestatearestartingtomakeaphilosophicalswitchto

becomingahealthorganization,notjustahealthcare

organization.ThatfeelingechoesthebeliefsoftheTherapeutic

FoodPantryprogramatZuckerbergSanFranciscoGeneral

Hospital,whichcompleteditspilotphaseandisaboutto

expandonanongoingbasistofiveclinicsitesthroughoutthe

city.Theprogramwillofferpatientsseveralbagsoffood

prescribedfortheircondition,alongwithintensivetrainingin

howtocookit."Wereallywanttolinkfoodandmedicine,and

notjustgiveawayfood/'saysDr.RitaNguyen,thehospital's

medicaldirectorofHealthyFoodInitiatives,"Wewantpeople

tounderstandwhatthey'reeating,howtoprepareit,therole

foodplaysintheirlives."

G)InSouthernCalifornia,LomaLindaUniversitySchoolof

Medicineisofferingspecializedtrainingforitsresident

physiciansinLifestyleMedicine——thatisaformalspecialtyin

usingfoodtotreatdisease.Researchfindingsincreasinglyshow

thepoweroffoodtotreatorreversediseases；butthatdoes

notmeanthatdietaloneisalwaysthesolution,orthatevery

illnesscanbenefitsubstantiallyfromdietarychanges.

Nonetheless,physicianssaythattheylookatthecollectivedata

andaclearpictureemerges:thatthesalt,sugar,fatand

processedfoodsintheAmericandietcontributetothenation's

highratesofobesity,diabetesandheartdisease.Accordingto

theWorldHealthOrganization,80percentofdeathsfromheart

diseaseandstrokearecausedbyhighblood,pressure,tobacco

use,elevatedcholesterolandlowconsumptionoffruitsand

vegetables.

H）"It'sadifferentparadigm（范式）ofhowtotreat

disease,"saysDr.BrendaRea,whohelpsrunthefamilyand

preventivemedicineresidencyprogramatLomaLinda

UniversitySchoolofMedicine.Thelifestylemedicinespecialtyis

designedtotraindoctorsinhowtopreventandtreatdisease,in

part,bychangingpatient'snutritionalhabits.Themedical

centerandschoolatLomaLindaalsohasafoodcupboardand

kitchenforpatients.Thisway,patientsnotonlylearnabout

whichfoodstobuy,butalsohowtopreparethemathome.

I）Manypeopledon'tknowhowtocook,Reasays,and

theyonlyknowhowtoheatthingsup.Thatmeansdepending

onpackagedfoodwithhighsaltandsugarcontent.Soteaching

peopleaboutwhichfoodsarehealthyandhowtopreparethem,

shesays,canactuallytransformapatient'slife.Andbeyond

that,itmighttransformthehealthandlivesofthatpatient's

family."Whatpeopleeatcanbemedicineorpoison/'Reasays.

"Asaphysician,nutritionisoneofthemostpowerfulthingsyou

canchangetoreversetheeffectsoflong-termdisease."

J）Studieshaveexploredevidencethatdietarychangescan

slowinflammation（炎症），forexample,ormakethebody

inhospitabletocancercell.Ingeneral,manylifestylemedicine

physiciansrecommendaplant-baseddiet—particularlyfor

peoplewithdiabetesorotherinflammatoryconditions.

K)"Aswhathappenedwithtobacco,thiswillrequirea

culturalshift,butthatcanhappen/'saysNguyen."Inthesame

wayphysiciansusedtosmoke,andthenstoppedsmokingand

wereabletotalktopatientsaboutit,Ithinkphysicianscan

haveabiggervoiceinit."

36.MorethanhalfofthefoodAmericanseatis

factory-produced.

37.Thereisaspecialprogramthatassignsdoctorstogive

advicetoshoppersinfoodstores.

38.Thereisgrowingevidencefromresearchthatfood

helpspatientsrecoverfromvariousillnesses.

39.Ahealthybreakfastcanbepreparedquicklyandeasily.

40.Trainingapatienttopreparehealthyfoodcanchange

theirlife.

41.Onefood-as-medicineprogramnotonlyprescribes

foodfortreatmentbutteachespatientshowtocookit.

42.Scottisnotkeenoncookingfoodherself,thinkingit

wouldsimplybeawasteoftime.

43.Diabetespatientsareadvisedtoeatmoreplant-based

food.

44.Usingfoodasmedicineisnonovelidea,butthe

movementismakingheadwaythesedays.

45.Americans'highratesofvariousillnessesresultfrom

thewaytheyeat.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethree

times.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshould

listencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadfor

thesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththe

exactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageis

readforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhave

written.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Californiahasbeenfacingadroughtformanyyearsnow,

withcertainareasevenhavingtopumpfreshwaterhundredsof

milestotheirdistributionsystem.Theproblemisgrowingas

thepopulationofthestatecontinuestoexpand.Newresearch

hasfounddeepwaterreservesunderthestatewhichcould

helpsolvetheirdroughtcrisis.Previousdrillingofwellscould

onlyreachdepthsof1,000feet,butduetonewpumping

practices,waterdeeperthanthiscannowbeextracted（抽取）.

TheteamatStanfordinvestigatedtheaquifers（地下蓄水层）

belowthisdepthandfoundthatreservesmaybetriplewhat

waspreviouslythought.

Itisprofitabletodrilltodepthsmorethan1,000feetfor

oilandgasextraction,butonlyrecentlyinCaliforniahasit

becomeprofitabletopumpwaterfromthisdepth.Theaquifers

rangefrom1,000to3,000feetbelowtheground,whichmeans

thatpumpingwillbeexpensiveandthereareotherconcerns.

Thebiggestconcernofpumpingoutwaterfromthisdeepisthe

gradualsettingdownofthelandsurface.Asthewateris

pumpedout,thevacantspaceleftiscompactedbytheweight

oftheearthabove.

Eventhoughpumpingfromthesedepthsisexpensive,itis

stillcheaperthandesalinating（脱盐）theoceanwaterinthe

largelycoastalstate.Somedesalinationplantsexistwhere

feasible,buttheyarecostlytorunandcanneedconstant

repairs.Wellsaremuchmorereliablesourcesoffreshwater,

andCaliforniaishopingthatthesedeepwellsmaybethe

answertotheirseverewatershortage.

Oneproblemwiththesesourcesisthatthedeepwater

alsohasahigherlevelofsaltthanshalloweraquifers.This

meansthatsomewellsmayevenneedtoundergodesalination

afterextraction,thusincreasingthecost.Researchfromthe

exhaustivestudyofgroundwaterfromover950drillinglogshas

justbeenpublished.Newestimatesofthewaterreservesnow

goupto2,700billioncubicmetersoffreshwater.

46.HowcouldCalifornia'sdroughtcrisisbesolved

accordingtosomeresearchers?

A)Bybuildingmorereservesofgroundwater.

B)Bydrawingwaterfromthedepthsoftheearth.

C)Bydevelopingmoreadvanceddrillingdevices.

D)Byupgradingitswaterdistributionsystem.

47.Whatcanbeinferredaboutextractingwaterfromdeep

aquifers?

A)Itwasdeemedvitaltosolvingthewaterproblem.

B)Itwasnotconsideredworththeexpense.

C)Itmaynotprovidequalityfreshwater.

D)Itisboundtogainsupportfromthelocalpeople.

48.Whatismentionedasaconsequenceofextracting

waterfromdeepunderground?

A)Thesinkingoflandsurface.

B)Theharmtotheecosystem.

C)Thedamagetoaquifers.

D)Thechangeoftheclimate.

49.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdeepwells?

A)Theyrunwithoutanyneedforrepairs.

B)Theyareentirelyfreefrompollutants.

C)Theyaretheultimatesolutiontodroughts.

D)Theyprovideasteadysupplyoffreshwater.

50.Whatmayhappenwhendeepaquifersareusedas

watersources?

A)People'shealthmayimprovewithcleanerwater.

B)People'swaterbillsmaybeloweredconsiderably.

C)Thecostmaygoupduetodesalination.

D)Theymaybeexhaustedsoonerorlater.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

TheAlphaGoprogramsvictoryisanexampleofhowsmart

computershavebecome.

Butcanartificialintelligence(Al)machinesactethically,

meaningcantheybehonestandfair?

OneexampleofAlisdriverlesscars.Theyarealreadyon

Californiaroads,soitisnottoosoontoaskwhetherwecan

programamachinetoactethically.Asdriverlesscarsimprove,

theywillsavelives.Theywillmakefewermistakesthanhuman

driversdo.Sometimes,however,theywillfaceachoice

betweenlives.Shouldthecarsbeprogrammedtoavoidhitting

achildrunningacrosstheroad,evenifthatwillputtheir

passengersatrisk?Whataboutmakingasuddenturntoavoida

dog?Whatiftheonlyriskisdamagetothecaritself,nottothe

passengers?

Perhapstherewillbelessonstolearnfromdriverlesscars,

buttheyarenotsuper-intelligentbeings.Teachingethicstoa

machineevenmoreintelligentthanwearewillbethebigger

challenge.

AboutthesametimeasAlphaGo'striumph,Microsoft's

'chatbot'tookabadturn.Thesoftware,namedTaylor,was

designedtoanswermessagesfrompeopleaged18-24.Taylor

wassupposedtobeabletolearnfromthemessagesshe

received.Shewasdesignedtoslowlyimproveherabilityto

handleconversations,butsomepeoplewereteachingTaylor

racistideas.WhenshestartedsayingnicethingsaboutHitler,

Microsoftturnedheroffanddeletedherugliestmessages.

AlphaGo'svictoryandTaylor'sdefeathappenedatabout

thesametime.Thisshouldbeawarningtous.Itisonethingto

useAlwithinagamewithclearrulesandcleargoals.Itis

somethingverydifferenttouseAlintherealworld.The

unpredictabilityoftherealworldmaybringtothesurfacea

troublingsoftwareproblem.

EricSchmidtisoneofthebossesofGoogle,whichowns

AlphaGo.HethinksAlwillbepositiveforhumans.Hesaid

peoplewillbethewinner;whatevertheoutcome.Advancesin

Alwillmakehumanbeingssmarter,moreableand"justbetter

humanbeings."

51.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowwiththeexample

ofAlphaGo'svictory?

A)Computerswillprevailoverhumanbeings.

B)Computershaveunmatchedpotential.

C)Computersareman'spotentialrivals.

D)Computerscanbecomehighlyintelligent.

52.WhatdoestheauthormeanbyAlmachinesacting

ethically?

A)Theyarecapableofpredictingpossiblerisks.

B)Theyweighthegainsandlossesbeforereachinga

decision.

C)Theymakesensibledecisionswhenfacingmoral

dilemmas.

D)Theysacrificeeverythingtosavehumanlives.

53.Whatissaidtobethebiggerchallengefacinghumans

intheAlage?

A)Howtomakesuper-intelligentAlmachinesshare

humanfeelings.

B)Howtoensurethatsuper-intelligentAlmachinesact

ethically.

C)HowtopreventAlmachinesdoingharmtohumans.

D)Howtoavoidbeingover-dependentonAlmachines.

54.WhatdowelearnaboutMicrosoft's"chatbot"Taylor?

A)Shecouldnotdistinguishgoodfrombad.

B)Shecouldturnherselfoffwhennecessary.

C)Shewasnotmadetohandlenovelsituations.

D)Shewasgoodatperformingroutinetasks.

55.WhatdoesEricSchmidtthinkofartificialintelligence?

A)Itwillbefarsuperiortohumanbeings.

B)Itwillkeepimprovingastimegoesby.

C)Itwillprovetobeanassettohumanbeings.

D)Itwill