矿物加工工程专业英语词汇

矿物加工工程专业英语词汇一、矿物与矿石1.mineral：矿物Anaturallyoccurringinorganicsolidwithadefinitechemicalpositionandanorderedatomicarrangement.一种天然存在的无机固体，具有确定的化学成分和有序的原子排列。2.ore：矿石Arockormineralthatcontainsasufficientamountofavaluablesubstancetomakeitsextractionandprocessingeconomicallyviable.一种岩石或矿物，含有足够数量的有价值物质，使其提取和加工在经济上可行。3.gangue：脉石Theworthlessrockormineralmaterialassociatedwithanore.与矿石伴生的无价值岩石或矿物材料。4.mineralogy：矿物学Thestudyofminerals,includingtheirposition,structure,properties,andoccurrence.对矿物的研究，包括其组成、结构、性质和产状。5.oredeposit：矿床AnaturalaccumulationoforewithintheEarth'scrust.地壳内矿石的自然聚集。6.primaryore：原生矿石Orethathasnotbeensignificantlyalteredbysecondaryprocesses.未被次生过程显著改变的矿石。7.secondaryore：次生矿石Orethathasbeenmodifiedbyweathering,leaching,orothersecondaryprocesses.经过风化、淋滤或其他次生过程改造的矿石。

二、破碎与磨矿1.crushing：破碎Theprocessofreducingthesizeoflargepiecesoforeorrockintosmallerfragments.将大块矿石或岩石减小尺寸成为较小碎片的过程。2.grinding：磨矿Thefurtherreductionofcrushedparticlestoafinepowderorslurrybyabrasionorimpact.通过研磨或冲击将破碎后的颗粒进一步减小为细粉或矿浆的过程。3.jawcrusher：颚式破碎机Atypeofcrusherwithtwojawsthatmovealternatelytocrushthematerialbetweenthem.一种具有两个颚板，交替运动以挤压其间物料的破碎机。4.conecrusher：圆锥破碎机Acrusherthatusesaconicalmantlerotatingwithinaconcavebowltocrushtheore.一种利用在凹形破碎壁内旋转的圆锥形轧臼壁来破碎矿石的破碎机。5.gyratorycrusher：旋回破碎机Similartoaconecrusherbutwithalargerandmoremassivestructure,usedforcoarsecrushing.与圆锥破碎机相似，但结构更大更重，用于粗碎。6.ballmill：球磨机Acylindricalmillfilledwithsteelballsthatrotatetogrindtheore.一个装满钢球的圆柱形磨机，通过旋转钢球来磨矿。7.rodmill：棒磨机Amillsimilartoaballmillbutusesrodsinsteadofballsforgrinding.一种与球磨机相似，但使用棒而不是球进行磨矿的磨机。8.autogenousmill：自磨机Amillthatusestheoreitselfasthegrindingmedium,reducingtheneedforadditionalgrindingmedialikeballsorrods.一种利用矿石自身作为磨矿介质的磨机，减少了对球或棒等额外磨矿介质的需求。9.grindingmedia：磨矿介质Materialssuchassteelballs,rods,ortheoreitselfusedinmillstobreakdowntheoreparticles.磨机中用于破碎矿石颗粒的材料，如钢球、钢棒或矿石本身。10.crushingratio：破碎比Theratioofthesizeofthelargestparticlefedtoacrushertothesizeofthelargestparticleintheproduct.给入破碎机的最大颗粒尺寸与产品中最大颗粒尺寸之比。11.grindingefficiency：磨矿效率Ameasureofhoweffectivelyamillreducestheparticlesizeoftheore.衡量磨机减小矿石粒度效果的指标。

三、筛分与分级1.screening：筛分Theprocessofseparatingparticlesofdifferentsizesbypassingthemthroughascreenorsieve.通过筛网或筛子使不同尺寸的颗粒分离的过程。2.sieve：筛子Adevicewithameshorperforatedsurfaceusedforscreening.具有网眼或穿孔表面用于筛分的装置。3.screenaperture：筛孔尺寸Thesizeoftheopeningsinascreen.筛网上开口的尺寸。4.oversize：筛上物Particlesthatarelargerthanthescreenapertureandremainonthescreenduringscreening.大于筛孔尺寸且在筛分过程中留在筛网上的颗粒。5.undersize：筛下物Particlesthatpassthroughthescreenapertureduringscreening.在筛分过程中通过筛孔的颗粒。6.classification：分级Theseparationofparticlesbasedontheirsizeinafluidmedium,usuallywater.在流体介质（通常是水）中基于颗粒大小进行的分离过程。7.hydrocyclone：水力旋流器Adevicethatusescentrifugalforcetoseparateparticlesofdifferentsizesinaliquidstream.一种利用离心力在液流中分离不同尺寸颗粒的装置。8.settlingtank：沉淀池Atankwhereparticlessettleoutofaliquidduetogravity.颗粒因重力从液体中沉淀出来的池子。9.classifier：分级机Amachineusedforclassification,suchasahydraulicclassifieroramechanicalclassifier.用于分级的机器，如水力分级机或机械分级机。

四、重力选矿1.gravityseparation：重力选矿Theprocessofseparatingmineralsbasedondifferencesintheirspecificgravity.根据矿物比重差异进行分离的过程。2.specificgravity：比重Theratioofthedensityofasubstancetothedensityofareferencesubstance(usuallywater)ataspecifiedtemperature.物质在特定温度下的密度与参考物质（通常是水）密度之比。3.jigging：跳汰选矿Agravityseparationmethodwhereapulsatingwaterstreamisusedtoseparateparticlesbasedontheirsize,shape,andspecificgravity.一种重力选矿方法，利用脉动水流根据颗粒大小、形状和比重分离颗粒。4.tableconcentration：摇床选矿Agravityseparationprocessusingashakingtabletoseparatemineralsaccordingtotheirdensityandsurfaceproperties.利用摇床根据矿物密度和表面性质分离矿物的重力选矿过程。5.shakingtable：摇床Adevicewithashakingmotionusedfortableconcentration.用于摇床选矿的具有摇动运动的装置。6.spirals：螺旋溜槽Agravityseparationequipmentconsistingofaspiralshapedtroughwheremineralsareseparatedbasedontheirspecificgravityastheyflowdown.一种重力选矿设备，由螺旋形槽组成，矿物在沿槽流动时根据比重分离。7.centrifugalconcentrator：离心选矿机Amachinethatusescentrifugalforcetoenhancetheseparationofmineralsbasedongravitydifferences.利用离心力增强基于重力差异的矿物分离的机器。

五、浮游选矿1.flotation：浮游选矿Theprocessofseparatingmineralsfromganguebyusingsurfaceactiveagents(collectors)tomakethemineralshydrophobicandcausethemtofloatonthesurfaceofaliquid.通过使用表面活性剂（捕收剂）使矿物疏水并使其漂浮在液体表面，从而从脉石中分离矿物的过程。2.collector：捕收剂Achemicalreagentthatselectivelyattachestothesurfaceofthedesiredminerals,makingthemhydrophobic.一种化学药剂，选择性地附着在所需矿物表面，使其疏水。3.frothflotation：泡沫浮选Themostmonformofflotationwhereairisintroducedintoapulpcontainingmineralsandcollectorstoformafrothlayeronthesurface,whichcarriesthehydrophobicminerals.最常见的浮选形式，将空气引入含有矿物和捕收剂的矿浆中，在表面形成泡沫层，携带疏水矿物。4.depressant：抑制剂Areagentthatinhibitstheflotationofcertainminerals,usuallygangueminerals,whileallowingthedesiredmineralstofloat.一种抑制某些矿物（通常是脉石矿物）浮选，同时使所需矿物能够浮选的药剂。5.activator：活化剂Achemicalthatenhancestheresponseofmineralstocollectors,improvingtheirfloatability.一种增强矿物对捕收剂反应，提高其可浮性的化学药剂。6.frother：起泡剂Areagentthatpromotestheformationofstablefrothintheflotationprocess.在浮选过程中促进稳定泡沫形成的药剂。7.flotationcell：浮选槽Acontainerwheretheflotationprocesstakesplace.进行浮选过程的容器。

六、磁选1.magneticseparation：磁选Theprocessofseparatingmineralsbasedontheirmagneticproperties.根据矿物磁性进行分离的过程。2.magneticmineral：磁性矿物Mineralsthatareattractedbyamagneticfield,suchasmagnetite.被磁场吸引的矿物，如磁铁矿。3.nonmagneticmineral：非磁性矿物Mineralsthatarenotsignificantlyaffectedbyamagneticfield.不受磁场显著影响的矿物。4.magneticseparator：磁选机Adeviceusedformagneticseparation,whichcanbeadrummagneticseparator,ahighintensitymagneticseparator,etc.用于磁选的设备，可以是鼓式磁选机、强磁选机等。5.magneticfieldintensity：磁场强度Ameasureofthestrengthofamagneticfield.磁场强度的度量。

七、电选1.electrostaticseparation：电选Theprocessofseparatingmineralsbasedontheirelectricalconductivityordielectricproperties.根据矿物的导电率或介电性质进行分离的过程。2.conductivemineral：导电矿物Mineralsthatconductelectricity,suchassomesulfideminerals.导电的矿物，如一些硫化物矿物。3.nonconductivemineral：非导电矿物Mineralsthatdonotconductelectricitywell.导电性能不好的矿物。4.electrostaticseparator：电选机Amachinethatuseselectrostaticforcestoseparateminerals.利用静电力分离矿物的机器。

八、浸出与溶剂萃取1.leaching：浸出Theprocessofextractingasolubleponentfromasolidbydissolvingitinaliquid.通过将固体中的可溶成分溶解在液体中来提取的过程。2.leachingagent：浸出剂Theliquidusedinleachingtodissolvethedesiredponentfromthesolid.浸出中用于从固体中溶解所需成分的液体。3.heapleaching：堆浸Aleachingmethodwheretheoreisstackedinaheapandtheleachingagentispercolatedthroughtheheap.一种将矿石堆成一堆，让浸出剂渗滤通过矿堆的浸出方法。4.insituleaching：原地浸出Aleachingtechniquewheretheoreisleachedinplacewithoutbeingminedout.一种在原地对矿石进行浸出而无需开采出来的浸出技术。5.solventextraction：溶剂萃取Theprocessofseparatingasolutefromasolutionbyextractingitintoanimmisciblesolvent.通过将溶质萃取到不混溶的溶剂中从溶液中分离溶质的过程。6.extractant：萃取剂Thesolventusedinsolventextractiontoselectivelyextractthedesiredponent.溶剂萃取中用于选择性萃取所需成分的溶剂。

九、其他相关词汇1.processingplant：选矿厂Afacilitywherevariousmineralprocessingoperationsarecarriedout.进行各种矿物加工操作的设施。2.flow