Unit3BacktothePastExtendedreading知识点课件-高中英语译林版（2020）选择性

XB3Unit3ExtendedReading单词解析&文章翻译1.helln.地狱2.abordprep.&adv.在(车、船、飞机）上;上(车、船、飞机等)boardv.上(车、船、飞机等)n.木板；膳食；董事会onboard在船上abroadadj.在国外，到国外goaboard上船；上飞机

athomeandabroad在国内外3.rubvt.&vi.擦，磨，搓；(使)相互摩擦4.washroomn.洗手间。厕所5.uniformn.制服；队服adj.一致的，统一的

6.violentlyadv.猛烈地，厉害地→violentadj．强烈的，暴力的→violencen.暴力7.eaglen.雕8.divevi.n.俯冲，跳水→diver(n.)潜水员，跳水运动员diveintotheriver跳进河里godiving去潜水9.thundervi.轰隆隆地响；打雷n.雷，

雷声thunderousadj雷鸣般的，声音很大的；面色阴沉的，怒气冲冲的；重大的，强有力的10.freezevi.&vt.(froze,frozen)

突然停止，呆住；结冰；冻僵freezingadj.冰点以下的，结冰的；极冷的frozenadj.结冰的，冻僵的，冷冻的；吓呆的freezern.冰箱；冷冻库freezeup(突然)呆住；冻住freezetodeath冻死befrozentodeath被冻死11.deckn.甲板，舱面12.meanwhileadv.同时；其间；对比之下

n．其间，其时(＝meantime)forthemeanwhile一会儿，暂时inthemeanwhile/meantime在此期间；与此同时13.dragvt.拖，拉；缓慢而费力地移动；过得很慢dragyourfeet/heels故意拖拉；故意延迟(作出决定)dragoneselfoutofbed费力地起床14.chaosn.混乱，杂乱inchaos混乱；纷乱15.navyn.海军，海军部队16.bleedvi.(bled,bled)失血，流血bleedingadj.流血的；流血，失血bloodn.血bledtodeath流血致死17.hatchvt.密谋，策划；使孵出

vi.孵化；孵出hatchout

孵出；策划hatchaplan

制定一个计划18.plotn.阴谋；故事情节vi.&vt.密谋19.infamyn.臭名昭著，声名狼藉；恶行，罪恶→famen.名声；声誉；名气→famousadj.著名的；出名的→infamousadj.臭名昭著的，名声狼藉的20.sinkvi.&vt.(sank,sunk)下沉，沉没；坐下；降低sinkingn.沉没

adj.下沉的withasinkingfeeling有一种沮丧的感觉besunkinthought陷入深思中21.memorialn.纪念碑(或像等)；纪念物memorizev.记住memoryn.记忆力inmemoryof为了纪念22.prayvi.&vt.企盼，祈求；祈祷，祷告prayern．祷告，祈祷(文)prayforsth.

企盼pray(tosb)forsb/sth

祈祷；恳求23.episoden.一段经历，片段；一集24.textilen.纺织品；textiles纺织业25.reformvt.改进，改良，改革

n.改革，改良24.textilen.纺织品；textiles纺织业25.reformvt.改进，改良，改革

n.改革，改良26.outputn.产量，输出量

inputn.输入量27.clothn.织物，布料clothev.给...穿衣clothesn.衣服,服装28.shiftn.改变，转移；轮班vi.&vt.(使)移动，(使)转移；改变ashiftinsth.某方面的转变hift...from...to...把……从……移动/搬到……workinginshifts轮班工作29.cottagen.小屋，村舍

cottageindustry家庭手工业HellcomestoPearlHarborB6U3ExtendedReadingLeadinWhatdoyouknowaboutPearlHarborPearlHarborislocatedinHawaii,theUnitedStates,whichisfamousforthe“AttackonPearlHarbor”duringtheWorldWarII.LeadinParticipants:Date:Result:WhatdoyouknowabouttheattackofPearlHarborDecember7,1941AmericaenteredWorldWarIIJapan,UnitedStatesWatchamovieclipabouttheevent.WhatdoyouthinkthepassagetalksaboutaccordingtothetitleMaybesomethingextremelyterriblehappenedatPearlHarbor

becausetheword

“hell”

usuallyreferstoaveryunpleasant

experienceorsituationinwhichpeoplesufferverymuch.Self-studyFigureoutthemainideaandstructureofthearticle.Part1___________BeforetheattackPart2_____________DuringtheattackPart3_____________AftertheattackPart4__________Today(Paras.2–4)(Paras.5–6)Mainidea:

(Para.1)

(Para.7)Guidance&ExplorationScanningThearticlemainlytalksabouttheattackonPearlHarbor.ScanningThetextisorganizedintheorderof______.timePara1BeforetheattackPara2-4DuringtheattackPara5-6AftertheattackPara7PresentWhilereading,payattentiontothelinkingwordsthatindicatethetimeorder.historicalevents:thechronologicalorder

/ˌkrɒnəˈlɒdʒɪkl/按发生时间顺序排列的SkimmingBeforetheattackWhen5:45a.m.,Sunday,December,1941WhereWhowarshipUSSArizona

WhatSeamanRussell;

QuartermasterLousisConterawakenby...,madehisbed,cleaned...,wenttothewashroom,

dressedintheiruniforms,

satdowntobreakfast

Q1:HowdoestheauthordescribetheattackbyusingvarioussensesinPara.2SkimmingDuringtheattackhearing:seeing:

feeling:therewasahugecrashingsoundfromabove.(Lines7–8)Thescreamoftheplanes’engineswasdeafening.(Lines10–11)Asbombsthunderedallround.(Line11)Abovetheirheads,hundredsofJapaneseplanescircledlikeeagles.TheyweredivingdowntodropbombsonPearlHarbor.Cloudsofblacksmokeroseintotheskyandhungoverthesea.Theshipshookviolently,andthemenlookedateachotherinhorror.Russelfelthisbloodfreeze,buthequicklycametohimself.Q2:Whatarethewar’sphysicalandmentalimpactsonindividuals？PhysicalimpactsMentalimpactsSkimmingDuringtheattacknumberofdeaths:numberofinjury:losses:PearlHarborspeech:morethan2,000Americanpeople,includingover1,000peopleaboardtheArizonaover1,000peopleNearly20Americanshipsandover180airplanesweredestroyedSkimmingAftertheattackQ3:WhatconsequencesdidtheattackleadtodescribingDecember7as“adatewhichwillliveininfamy”anddeclaringwaronJapanItwasSunday,December7,1941.Asusual,thewake-upcallcameat5:45a.m.ThemenaboardthewarshipUSSArizonastretchedandrubbedtheireyes.SeamanRussellWarrinerwasawakenedbyQuartermasterLouisConter.Russellmadehisbedandhelpedcleanthehuge,sharedroom.Themenwenttothewashroom,dressedintheiruniformsandsatdowntobreakfast.Itlookedlikeitwouldbeanormaldayonboardtheship.那是1941年12月7日，星期天。和往常一样，起床号在早上5点45分响起。美国“亚利桑那号”战列舰上的人伸了伸懒腰，揉了揉眼睛。军需官路易・孔泰叫醒了海员拉塞尔・沃里纳。拉塞尔整理了床铺，还帮忙打扫了这个巨大的共用房间。人们走进盥洗室，穿上制服，然后坐下来吃早饭。看起这将是船上平常的一天。Butnobodyatetheirbreakfast:atthatmoment,therewasahugecrashingsoundfromabove.Theshipshookviolentlyandthemenlookedateachotherinhorror.Abovetheirheads,hundredsofJapaneseplanescircledlikeeagles.TheyweredivingdowntodropbombsonPearlHarbor.Thescreamoftheirengineswasdeafening.Asbombsthunderedallaround,cloudsofblacksmokeroseintotheskyandhungoverthesea.但是没有人吃早饭:就在那时，上面传来一声巨响。船剧烈地摇晃着，船员们惊恐地面面相觑。在他们头顶上，数百架日本飞机像鹰一样盘旋，它们俯冲下来把炸弹投到珍珠港。发动机发出的轰鸣声震耳欲聋。炸弹在各处炸响，黑烟形成云，升上空并笼平着大海。Russellfelthisbloodfreeze,buthequicklycametohimselfandrusheduptothedeck.Momentslater,abombhittheUSSArizonaandRussellwasthrownmorethan100metersacrosstheship.Hesufferedseriousburnsonhishands,armsandlegs,andwatchedmanyofhisfriendsdie.拉塞尔觉得自己的血都凝固了，但他立马反应过来，冲到甲板上。片刻之后，一枚炸弹击中了美国“亚利桑那号”战舰，拉塞尔被炸到100多米开外。他的手、胳膊和腿被严重烧伤，眼睁睁地看着许多朋友死去。Louis,meanwhile,alsostandingonthedeck,wasluckynottobethrownintothesea.Withonlyminorinjuries,hewasabletohelpotherswhowereseverelyburntandinterriblepain.Afterreceivingtheordertoabandonship,Louissavedmoremenfromthewater,draggingthemintothelifeboat.此时，路易也站在甲板上，很幸运没有被炸进海里。他只受了轻伤，还能帮助那些严重烧伤、病苦不堪的人。在接到弃船的命令后，路易从水中救出了更多的人，把他们拖上了救生艇。Inthechaosandconfusionaftertheattack,theUSNavysentamessagetohisfamilythatLouishadbeenkilledintheattack.Luckily,hewasabletogetintouchwiththembeforethemessagearrived.Despitehisremarkableactions,Louisdidnotthinkthathewasahero.“Theheroesaretheonesthatgavetheirlivesthatday,”hesaid.发生袭击后一片混乱，美国海军给路易的家人发送了条消息，称路易已经在袭击中丧生。幸运的是，他在这则消息到家之前已经与家人取得了联系。路易虽然做出了非凡的举动，但他并不认为自己是英雄。“英雄是那些在那天献出生命的人，”他说。Russellwassavedfromthewater,buthewasbadlyburnt,bleedingheavily.Fortunately,hewastakentohospitalandsurvived.Formanyyears,Russellrefusedtotalkaboutwhathappenedthatmorning,describingitsimplyas“hell”.HiswifeElsasaid,“Whenheopeneduplateron,healwaysmentionedthehorrorofit.”拉塞尔被从海里救了出来，但他被严重烧伤，大量出血。幸运的是，他被送医院并活了下来。多年来，拉塞尔一直拒绝谈论那天早上发生的事情，只是简单地把它描述为“地狱”。他的妻子埃尔莎说:“后来他敞开心扉时，总是提到那次袭击多么可怕。”LouisandRussellwouldneverforgettheterriblesceneoftheattack,buttheywerefortunateenoughtobeamongthefewsurvivorsfromtheArizona.Nobodyhadexpectedthebombing.JapanhadhatchedaplottolaunchasurpriseattackonPearlHarbor,sotheattackbeganwithoutwarningandwithoutdeclaringwarontheUnitedStates.路易和拉塞尔永远不会忘记受袭击时的可怕场面，但他们足够幸运，是“亚利桑那号”的少数幸存者。没有人料到会有空袭。日本策划了突袭珍珠港的阴谋，所以对这次袭击没有发出任何警告，也没有对美国宣战。Theattackdestroyednearly20Americanshipsandover180airplanes.Intotal,morethan2,000Americanpeoplewerekilledandover1,000otherswerewoundedthatday.Morethan1,000peopleaboardtheArizonalosttheirlives.Outof37setsofbrothers,Russellandhisbrotherweretheonlyfullpairtosurvivetheattack.这次击毁了近20艘美国军舰和180多架飞机。当天共有超过2，000名美国人死亡，1，000多人受伤。“亚利桑那号”上有1，000多人丧生。在37对兄弟中，拉塞尔和他的兄弟是唯一存下来的完整的一对。Thesurpriseattackcameasagreatshocktothewholenation.Thenextday,PresidentRooseveltdeliveredhisfamousPearlHarborSpeech,inwhichhedescribedDecember7as“adatewhichwillliveininfamy”andaske