阅读理解之说明文15篇（天津中考真题+中考模拟）（解析版）

阅读理解之说明文15篇(天津中考真题+中考模拟)天津中考真题练（2024·天津·中考真题）Salthasalwaysbeenimportanttopeople.Inthepast,itwasasvaluableasgold.Overtheyears,peoplediscovereddifferentwaystogetsalt.Someearlypeoplegotsaltfromrocks.Inotherplaces,peoplegotsaltfromthesea.Theytookseawaterandputitinthesun.Afteralongtime,thewaterdriedup(耗尽).Thenpeoplecouldgetsalt.Today,peoplestillgetsaltfromthesea.Butmostsaltcomesfromsaltmines(矿)andsaltwells(井).Howdopeoplegetsaltfromsaltmines?Theydigdeepintothegroundforit.Togetsaltfromsaltwells,peopleputtwopipes(管子)intotheground.Waterissentdownthroughoneofthepipes.Andthewaterismixedwiththesaltinsaltwells.Itmakessaltwater.Thenthesaltwaterispushedupthroughtheotherpipe.Later,thesaltistakenoutofthesaltwater.Peopleonceworkedhardtofindandmakesalt.Now,peoplecanbuyitatanyfoodstore.1．Someearlypeoplegotsaltfrom________.A．flowers B．fruits C．trees D．rocks2．Whydidpeopleputseawaterinthesun?A．Togetsalt. B．Tocatchfish.C．Towashclothes. D．Towatercrops.3．Howdopeoplegetsaltfromsaltmines?A．Bymixingsandwithgold. B．Bydiggingdeepintotheground.C．Byputtingoilonrocks. D．Bythrowingstonesintothesea.4．Whatistherightorderofgettingsaltfromsaltwells?a.Thesaltistakenoutofthesaltwater.b.Waterissentdownthroughoneofthepipes.c.Thesaltwaterispushedupthroughtheotherpipe.A．a-b-c B．b-c-a C．c-b-a D．b-a-c5．Thepassageismainlyabout________.A．whodiscoveredsalt B．whenwemadesaltC．wheresaltcomesfrom D．howmuchsaltweneed【答案】1．D2．A3．B4．B5．C【导语】本文主要介绍了盐从哪里来的。1．细节理解题。根据“Someearlypeoplegotsaltfromrocks.”可知，一些早期的人从岩石中得到盐。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据“Theytookseawaterandputitinthesun.Afteralongtime,thewaterdriedup(耗尽).Thenpeoplecouldgetsalt”可知，是为了得到盐，故选A。3．细节理解题。根据“Theydigdeepintothegroundforit.Togetsaltfromsaltwells,peopleputtwopipes(管子)intotheground.”可知，人们通过深挖地下来从盐矿中获取盐。故选B。4．细节理解题。根据“Waterissentdownthroughoneofthepipes.Andthewaterismixedwiththesaltinsaltwells.Itmakessaltwater.Thenthesaltwaterispushedupthroughtheotherpipe.Later,thesaltistakenoutofthesaltwater.”水通过其中一根管子往下输送。在盐井里，水和盐混合。它产生盐水。然后盐水通过另一根管子被推上来。然后，把盐从盐水中取出。由此可知，正确的顺序是：水通过其中一根管子往下输送→盐水从另一根管子被推上来→从盐水中取出盐。故选B。5．主旨大意题。根据“Overtheyears,peoplediscovereddifferentwaystogetsalt”，“Today,peoplestillgetsaltfromthesea”以及全文可知，本文主要介绍了盐从哪里来的。故选C。天津中考模拟真题练（2025·天津河西·模拟预测）Thereisagreatneedtosearchforcleanandrenewableenergytomeetourneeds.Itseemsthatwindenergyisagoodchoice.Doyouknowanythingaboutwindenergy?Thefirstadvantageofwindenergyisthatittrulyisarenewableresource(资源).Nomatterhowmuchwindweusetoproduceelectricity,wewillneverreducethesupply(供应)ofwind.Thisisitsgreatestadvantagecomparedwithnon-renewableresourceslikecoaloroil.Second,windenergyisacleansourceofenergy,whichmeansitproducesenvironment-friendlyelectricity.What’smore,thelargetowers,whichprovidethebase(基座)forthewindturbines(涡轮机),don’ttakeuplotsofspace.Theycansharelandwithfarms.However,eachcoinhastwosides.Thatistosaywindenergydoeshavesomedisadvantages.Winddoesnotprovidesupplyofenergywithoutstopping.Eventhewindiestplacesonearthhaveperiodsofcalm.Ifthereisn’tastrongwind,windturbinesarenotabletoproduceelectricity.Thelargeblades(叶片)ofwindturbinescanbeverydangerousforbirdsandbats(蝙蝠).Theturbinescausenoisepollution.Itcanalsobebadtopeoplelivingaround.Althoughwindenergyhasdisadvantages,itsadvantagesshouldn’tbeforgotten.1．Peoplesearchfor________tomeettheirneedsaccordingtothepassage.A．electricity B．coalandoil C．non-renewableenergy D．cleanandrenewableenergy2．Howmanyadvantagesofwindenergyaretalkedaboutinthepassage?A．One B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”refertoinParagraph2?A．Windturbines B．Thelargetowers C．Energyresources D．Renewableresources4．What’sthemainideaofParagraph3?A．Windenergyalsohassomedisadvantages. B．Windcan’tprovideenergywithoutstopping.C．Thebladesofwindturbinescanbeverydangerous. D．Theturbinescausenoisepollutionwhileworking.5．Accordingtothepassage,weknowthat________.A．windenergyisanon-renewableresource B．thegreatestadvantageofwindenergyisrenewableC．thewindiestareasneverhaveperiodsofclam D．windturbinescan’tbedangerousforbirdsandbats【答案】1．D2．C3．B4．A5．B【导语】本文主要介绍风能发电的优势和劣势。1．细节理解题。根据“Thereisagreatneedtosearchforcleanandrenewableenergytomeetourneeds.”可知，人们在搜索干净的和可再生的能源来满足他们的需求。故选D。2．细节理解题。根据“Thefirstadvantageofwindenergyisthatittrulyisarenewableresource.”；“Second,windenergyisacleansourceofenergy,whichmeansitproducesenvironment-friendlyelectricity.”；“What’smore,thelargetowers,whichprovidethebaseforthewindturbines(涡轮机),don’ttakeuplotsofspace.”可知一共是3个优势。故选C。3．词义猜测题。根据“What’smore,thelargetowers,whichprovidethebaseforthewindturbines(涡轮机),don’ttakeuplotsofspace.Theycansharelandwithfarms.”可知本句说的话题是“largetowers”，它们不占空间，可以和农业共用陆地。故“They”指的是“largetowers”。故选B。4．段落大意题。根据“However,eachcoinhastwosides.Thatistosaywindenergydoeshavesomedisadvantages.”可知本段主要讲风能也有劣势。故选A。5．细节理解题。根据“Thisisitsgreatestadvantagecomparedwithnon-renewableresourceslikecoaloroil.”可知，可再生是风能相比其他不可再生能源最大的优势。故选B。（2025·天津滨海新·模拟预测）Formorethanamonth,theworldhasbeenveryexcitedaboutanewAImodelcalledDeepSeek-R1.Thecompanybehindit,alsocalledDeepSeek,isabusinessbasedinHangzhou,Zhejiang.ThenewAIfirstappearedonJan20th.Injustoneweek,itbeatOpenAI’sChatGPTandbecamethemostpopularfreeapplication(应用)intheAppStore.Whatissospecialaboutit?AccordingtoDeepSeek,thenewAImodelisasgoodasothertopmodelsatdifficultactivitieslikemath.Butitneedsmuchlesscomputingpower(算力)todothat.Itisalsothecheapestofitskindandtookonlyabout5.57millionUSdollars(40.58millionyuan)tomake.ThatismuchlessthanthehundredsofmillionsorevenbillionsofdollarsthatAmericancompanieshavetospendmakingsimilarAImodels,saidMarcAndreessen,atechnologyexpertintheUS.Theachievementwaslargelybecauseofanideathescientistshadwhiletheytrainedit.Insteadofusingthetraditionalways,DeepSeekmainlyusesReinforcementLearning(RL,强化学习).IthelpsAIlearnbyworkingouttherightwaytodothingsonitsowntogetpoints.ThismakesR1betteratreasoningandsolvinghardproblems.What’smore,DeepSeek-R1isopen-source(开源的).Everyonecangetacopyofitscode(代码).Theycanalsochangethecodetomeettheirownneeds.Beingopen-sourceisveryimportantforsharingknowledge,saidLiangWenfeng,whosetupDeepSeek.1．WhatdoesParagraph2mainlysayaboutDeepSeek-R1?A．It’snew. B．It’spopular. C．It’sspecial. D．It’sfree.2．WhatisoneofthestrongpointsofDeepSeek-R1comparedtootherAImodels?A．It’scheapertodevelop. B．It’ssmarterthanothers.C．It’sbetteratdifficultactivities. D．It’squickerinsolvingproblems.3．HowdoesDeepSeek-R1learn?A．Inatraditionalway.B．Throughsolvinghardproblems.C．Byfindingtherightwaytodothingsonitsown.D．Byfollowingallkindsofordersfromitscreators.4．WhyisitimportantthatDeepSeek-R1isopen-source?A．BecauseitmakesAIsafer. B．Becauseitcreatesnewknowledge.C．BecauseitmakesAIcheaper. D．Becauseithelpstoshareknowledge.5．What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A．Theimportanceofopen-sourcecode.B．ThechallengesfacedbyDeepSeek-R1.C．ThedifferencesbetweenAImodels.D．TheintroductiontoDeepSeek-R1.【答案】1．B2．A3．C4．D5．D【导语】本文介绍了名为DeepSeek-R1的新AI模型，它由杭州的DeepSeek公司开发。该模型在性能上与其他顶级模型相当，但计算力需求更低，开发成本也远低于美国同类模型。其成功在于采用了强化学习技术，且为开源，可供所有人使用和修改。1．主旨大意题。根据“Injustoneweek,itbeatOpenAI’sChatGPTandbecamethemostpopularfreeapplication(应用)intheAppStore.”可知，第二段主要介绍DeepSeek-R1非常受欢迎。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据“Itisalsothecheapestofitskindandtookonlyabout5.57millionUSdollars(40.58millionyuan)tomake.”可知，DeepSeek-R1与其他AI模型相比，它更便宜。故选A。3．细节理解题。根据“IthelpsAIlearnbyworkingouttherightwaytodothingsonitsowntogetpoints.”可知，它通过让AI自己摸索出正确的做事方法来获得分数，从而帮助AI学习。故选C。4．细节理解题。根据“Beingopen-sourceisveryimportantforsharingknowledge”可知，开源对于共享知识非常重要。故选D。5．主旨大意题。全文围绕DeepSeek-R1的特点（低成本、强化学习、开源性）展开，属于对这款AI模型的综合介绍。故选D。（2025·天津滨海新·模拟预测）JinYing,25,inaloverofTraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM).Shetookpartinthree-monthtrainingcourseonacupunctureandtuina(针灸推拿)inthewinterof2023atBeijingUniversityofChineseMedicine.Jin’slifehasbeendifferentsincethetraining.ShechangedherlifehabitsafterlearningtheFiveElementsTheory(五行学说).Forexample,sheavoidedsweating(出行)toomuchduringexerciseinwinterbecausethecoldofwintermeanspeopleshouldshowdown,accordingtoTCM.Forher,learningtheseskillsandtheorieswasnotaboutbecomingaTCMdoctorbutratheraboutembracing(欣然接受)anewslifestyle.SheisnotanunusualexampleofyoungpeoplebecominginterestedinTCM.AsurveybyChinaYouthDailyshowedthat93.3percentofthe1000youngpeoplewhotookparthadtrieddifferentTCMtreatments.“Ihaveseenarisingnumberofyoungpeoplecometomeforneckandbackpains,whichareusuallyrelatedtotheelderly,”saidMaHuifang,aTCMdoctoratGuoyitang,aTCMhospitalaffiliated(附属)withBeijingUniversityofChineseMedicine.BetweenWesternmedicineandTCM,youngpeopleoftenchooseTCM“duetoitsefficacy(疗效),”accordingtoMa.SomepeoplequestionwhyTCMtreatsthesameillnesseswithdifferentprescriptions(处方),“ThisisactuallyanadvantageofTCM,ratherthanashortcoming,asitcanbeamoreaccuratetreatment(精准的治疗)fordifferentpatients,”Maexplained.YoungeragegroupsareembracingTCM,and,atthenametime,TCMisalsobenefitingyoungpeople.AsJinnoted,“IthelpsyoungpeopleunderstandChinesemedicineandlearnwhyitisbelievedtobeatreasureofourChineseculture.”1．ThetrainingJinYingtookpartinlasted________.A．threedays B．threemonths C．halfayear D．threeyears2．WhydidJinYingavoidsweatingtoomuchduringexerciseinwinter?A．Becausewintercoldmeanspeopleshouldexercisemore.B．Becausewintercoldmeanspeopleshouldexerciseless.C．Becausepeopleshouldtakearestduringcoldwinter.D．Becausepeopleshouldslowdownduringcoldwinter.3．HowmanypeopletrieddifferentTCMtreatmentsinthesurvey?A．93. B．933. C．1000. D．67.4．WhyyoungpeopleoftenchooseTCM?A．Duetoitsefficacy. B．Whichareusuallyrelatedtotheelderly.C．YoungpeopleunderstandChinesemedicine. D．Treatsthesameillnesseswithsameprescriptions(处方).5．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．ToshowthehistoryofTCM. B．ToexplaintheimportanceofTCM.C．TocompareTCMwithWesternmedicine. D．TotellusTCMwinstheheartsofyoungpeople.【答案】1．B2．D3．B4．A5．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中医越来越受年轻群体的欢迎，以及介绍了中医的神奇疗效。1．细节理解题。根据“Shetookpartinthree-monthtrainingcourseonacupunctureandtuine”可知，她参加了为期三个月的针灸推拿培训课程。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据“…sheavoidedsweatingtoomuchduringexerciseinwinterbecausethecoldofwintermeanspeopleshouldslowdown…”可知，冬季寒冷意味着人们应该放慢节奏，因此她避免在冬季运动中过度出汗。故选D。3．细节理解题。根据“…93.3percentofthe1000youngpeoplewhotookparthadtrieddifferentTCMtreatments.”可知，1000名受访年轻人中93.3%尝试过中医治疗，即933人。故选B。4．细节理解题。根据“...youngpeopleoftenchooseTCMduetoitsefficacy’”可知，年轻人选择中医是因为其疗效。故选A。5．推理判断题。根据“YoungeragegroupsareembracingTCM,and,atthenametime,TCMisalsobenefitingyoungpeople.”以及全文可知，文章主要告诉我们中医越来越受年轻群体的欢迎。故选D。（2025·天津东丽·模拟预测）Greenisanimportantcolorinnature.Itisthecolorofgrassandtheleavesontrees.Itisthecolorofmostgrowingplants,too.Sometimes,thewordgreenmeansyoung,freshandgrowing.Sometimes,itdescribessomethingthatisnotyetfinishedorplantsthatarenotripe.Forexample,agreenhornissomeonewhohasnoexperience,whoisnewtoasituation.Inthefifteenthcentury,agreenhornwasayoungcoworoxwhosehornshadnotyetdeveloped.Acenturyorsolater,agreenhornwasasoldierwhohadnotyethadanyexperienceinwar(战争).Bytheeighteenthcentury,agreenhornhadthemeaningithastoday—apersonwhoisnewinajob.Aboutonehundredyearsago,greenhornwasapopularexpressionintheAmericanwest.Old-timersusedittodescribeamanwhohadjustarrivedfromoneofthebigcitiesintheeast.Thegreenhorndidn’thavetheskillsthathewouldneedtoliveinthehard,roughcountry.Someonewhohastheabilitytogrowplantswellissaidtohaveagreenthumb.Theexpressioncomesfromtheearlynineteenhundred.Apersonwithagreenthumbseemstohaveamagictouchthatmakesplantsgrowquicklyandwell.Youmightsaythatthewomannextdoorhasagreenthumbifhergardencontinuestogrowlongafteryourplantshavedied.TheGreenRevolution(革命)isthenamewhichwasgivensomeyearsagotothedevelopmentofnewkindsofriceandothergrains.Thenewplantsproducedmuchlargercrops.TheGreenRevolutionwastheresultofhardworkbyagricultural(农业的)scientistswhohadgreenthumbs.1．Accordingtothepassage,agreenhornmeans________now.A．apersonwhoisnewinajobB．asoldierwhohasnothadanyexperienceinwarC．ayoungcoworoxwhosehornshavenotyetdevelopedD．amanwhodoesn’thavetheskillstoliveinthecountry2．Themeaningoftheunderlinedword“ripe”is________.A．未完成的 B．青涩的 C．成熟的 D．老练的3．WhichofthefollowingisNOTright?A．Theexpression“theGreenRevolution”appearedseveralyearsago.B．Ifthereweren’ttheGreenRevolution,wewouldhavenoricetoeat.C．AgriculturalscientistswithgreenthumbsstartedtheGreenRevolution.D．BecauseoftheGreenRevolution,wehavemorekindsofriceandothergrains.4．Wecanknowfromthepassagethat________.A．allgrowingplantsisgreenB．greenisthemostimportantcolorinnatureC．apersonwithagreenthumbcanmakeplantsgrowwellD．theexpression“agreenthumb”hasahistoryoftwohundredyears5．Themainideaofthepassageis________.A．agreenhorn B．agreenthumbC．theGreenRevolution D．theword“green”anditsstory【答案】1．A2．C3．B4．C5．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“绿色”一词的多重含义及其相关表达和文化背景，并提及了“绿色革命”的概念。1．细节理解题。根据“Bytheeighteenthcentury,agreenhornhadthemeaningithastoday—apersonwhoisnewinajob.”可知，“greenhorn”有了今天的含义——指刚从事某份工作的人。故选A。2．词句猜测题。根据“Sometimes,itdescribessomethingthatisnotyetfinishedorplantsthatarenotripe.”的语境可知，此处指未成熟的植物，所以划线部分的含义是“成熟的”。故选C。3．细节理解题。根据“TheGreenRevolution(革命)isthenamewhichwasgivensomeyearsagotothedevelopmentofnewkindsofriceandothergrains.Thenewplantsproducedmuchlargercrops.”可知，绿色革命提高了作物产量，并没有说明此前无米可吃。故选B。4．细节理解他。根据“Apersonwithagreenthumbseemstohaveamagictouchthatmakesplantsgrowquicklyandwell.”可知，园艺高手擅长种植。故选C。5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了“绿色”一词的多重含义及其相关表达和文化背景，并提及了“绿色革命”的概念，D项符合。故选D。（2025·天津东丽·模拟预测）Wemakemistakesatanyage.Somemistakeswemakeareaboutmoney.Butmostmistakesareaboutpeople.“DidJerryreallycarewhenIbrokeupwithHelen?”WhenIgotthatgreatjob,didJerryreallyfeelgoodaboutitasafriend?Ordidheenvy(嫉妒)myluck?”Whenwelookback,doubtslikethesecanmakeusfeelbad.Butwhenwelookback,it’stoolate.Whydowegowrongaboutourfriendsorourenemies?Sometimeswhatpeoplesayhidestheirrealmeaning.Andifwedon’treallylisten,wemaymissthefeelingbehindthewords.Supposesomeonetellsyou,“You’realuckydog.”Ishereallyonyourside?Ifhesays,“You’realuckyguy.”or“You’realuckygal.”That’sbeingfriendly.But“luckydog”?There’sabitofenvyinthosewords.Maybehedoesn’tseeithimself.Butusingtheword“dog”putsyoudownalittle.Whathemaybesayingishedoesn’tthinkyoudeserve(值得)yourluck.Howcanyoutelltherealmeaningbehindsomeone’swordsandavoid(避免)makingmistakes?Onewayistotakeagoodlookatthepersontalking.Dohiswordsfitthewayhelooks?Doeswhathesaysmatchwithhistoneofvoice?Hisposture(姿势)?Thelookinhiseyes?Stopandthink.Spendsometimethinkingabouttherealmeaningofwhatpeoplesaytoyou,andyoumaysaveanothermistake.1．Thequestionsinthefirstparagraphtellusthatthespeaker________.A．feelshappybecausehisfriendswereniceandfriendlytohimB．thinksitwasamistaketobreakupwithhisgirlfriendHelenC．issorrythathisfriendshavelethimdownandmadehimcryD．feelshemaynothave“read”hisfriends’truefeelingscorrectly2．Fromtheexample“You’realuckydog”,wecanlearnthat________.A．sometimesthewordsgiveahintaboutthespeaker’sfeelingbehindthewordsB．itmeansnearlythesameas“You’realuckyguy.”or“You’realuckygal.”C．thepersonsayingthesewordsisfriendlyandhereallythinksyouareluckyD．theword“dog”shouldneverbeusedtodescribeapersoninourdailylife3．Thepassagetriestotellyouhowto________.A．avoidmakingmistakesaboutmoneyandfriendsB．bringthe“dog”intoourdailyconversationC．getabetterunderstandingofwhatpeoplesayD．beniceandfriendlytootherpeoplearoundyou4．Whatisimportantinlisteningtoaperson?A．Torememberhistone,postureandthelookinhiseyes.B．TocheckifhiswordsmatchwithhistoneandpostureC．Tolistentohowhepronouncesthewordsinhistalk.D．Don’tbelieveanythinghesaysbecauseheusuallylies.5．Ifyoufollowthewriter’sadvice,youwould________.A．beabletogettherealmeaningofotherpeople’swordsB．nevermisunderstandwhatpeoplesaytoyouinyourlifeC．notloserealfriendswhosaythingsthatmakeyouunhappyD．understandeverythingwhentalkingtopeoplewhoenvyyou【答案】1．D2．A3．C4．B5．A【导语】本文主要告诉我们在与人交往的过程中容易犯的错误就是误解对方，表面说的是一个意思而实际想要表达的是另外一个意思。本文教会大家如何真正理解他人表达的意思，避免误会。1．细节理解题。根据“Whenwelookback,doubtslikethesecanmakeusfeelbad.Butwhenwelookback,it’stoolate.”可知，第一段中的问题告诉我们，作者可能没有正确地“读懂”朋友们的真实感受。故选D。2．推理判断题。根据“Supposesomeonetellsyou,‘You’realuckydog.’Ishereallyonyourside?Ifhesays,‘You’realuckyguy.’or‘You’realuckygal.’That’sbeingfriendly.But‘luckydog’?There’sabitofenvyinthosewords.”可知，如果对方说你是一个幸运的家伙，那是友好的。若说的是luckydog，那么是有一点嫉妒心理在话里的。话语可能暗示说话者的情感。故选A。3．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了人们在日常交际时容易对别人说的话产生误解，本文给出一些建议和方法来解决该类问题。故选C。4．细节理解题。根据“Onewayistotakeagoodlookatthepersontalking.Dohiswordsfitthewayhelooks?Doeswhathesaysmatchwithhistoneofvoice?Hisposture(姿势)?Thelookinhiseyes?”可知，在听一个人说话时，重要的是要根据他的态度、语调和姿势来核对他的话。故选B。5．推理判断题。本文就是教会大家如何真正理解他人表达的意思，避免误会。所以如果你听从作者的建议，你就能够理解人们所说话的真正含义。故选A。（2025·天津滨海新·模拟预测）FiverulesforahealthylifeThankstobetterhealthcare,mostpeoplearelivinghealthierandlongerlives.Someonewhoisborntodaycanexpecttoliveaboutthirty-fiveyearslongerthansomeonewhowasborninthenineteenthcentury.Itiseventhoughtthatinthefuturemoreandmorepeoplewillcelebratetheirhundredthbirthdays.Herearefiverulesforahealthylife.1.Getoffthesofa!Sure,itiscomfortabletositonthesofaandwatchTV.Butdoctorssayyoushouldgetoffthesofa.Tokeepfit,youhavetowalkatleast10,000stepseveryday.Inthepast,people’sjobsrequiredmorephysicaleffort.Theyoftenhadtowalkformileseveryday.Whenfarmerswereworkinginthefields,theywerekeepingfitatthesametime.Thinkaboutit:Doyougetthesameamountofexercisetodayastheydidinthepast?2.Eathealthyfood!Itisimportanttoeatfoodthatisfreshandnatural,forexample,fruitandvegetables.Fastfoodisnothealthy.Youshouldonlyhaveitonceinawhile.Eatingtoomuchofthewrongfoodwillharmyourhealth.3.Restwhileyoucan!Whenwewerebabies,wesleptformuchofthenight.Teenagersdonotneedasmuchsleepasbabies,butitisimportantforyoutogetabouteighthours’sleepanight.Atweekends,youhavegotmoretime,souseitnotjustforyourfriends,butforresttoo.4.Donotworry.Behappy!Manypeoplebelievethathappinessisimportantforourgeneralhealth.Sometimesitisnoteasytobeateenagerbecauseofthedifficultiesofschool,examsorfriendships.Ifyouareworriedaboutsomething,talktoyourparentsoryourteacher.5.Saynotosmoking!Yes,youknowIwasgoingtosaythis.Itissoimportant.Smokingisnotcool.Itisdangerous.Itharmsnearlyeverypartofyourbody.Thinkabouthowyourfamilyandfriendswillfeel,andthinkaboutwhatitwilldotoyourhealth.1．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Peoplearelivinghealthierandlongerliversthanbefore. B．Exerciseisveryimportanttopeople.C．Howtoliveinahealthylife. D．Smokingisharmfultopeople.2．WhichofthefollowingisTrue?A．Smokingiscool. B．Smokingisdangerous.C．Smokinghardlyharmseverypartofourbody. D．Manystudentslikesmoking.3．Whydowegetoffthesofa?A．Becauseitisuncomfortabletositonthesofa. B．Becausewewanttokeepfit.C．Becausewemustgoouttowalk10000steps. D．Becausewehavealreadygetenoughexercisetoday.4．Accordingtothearticle,whodoyouthinkthepassageiswrittenfor?A．Thehealthy. B．Thewealthy. C．Theteenagers. D．Parents.5．Whatdoestheword“physical”mean?A．物理学 B．体力的 C．政治的 D．物质的【答案】1．C2．B3．B4．C5．B【导语】本文主要讲述了健康生活的五条规则。1．主旨大意题。根据文章标题“Fiverulesforahealthylife”及全文内容（列举5条健康生活准则）可知，文章主要讲述如何健康生活。故选C。2．细节理解题。根据“Smokingisnotcool.Itisdangerous.”可知，吸烟是危险的。故选B。3．细节理解题。根据“Butdoctorssayyoushouldgetoffthesofa.Tokeepfit,youhavetowalkatleast10,000stepseveryday.”可知，离开沙发是为了要运动起来从而保持健康。故选B。4．推理判断题。根据“teenagersdonotneedasmuchsleepasbabies”和“Sometimesitisnoteasytobeateenagerbecauseofthedifficultiesofschool,examsorfriendships.”等线索可推知，文章主要面向青少年群体。故选C。5．词句猜测题。根据“Inthepast,people’sjobsrequiredmorephysicaleffort.”可知过去，人们的工作需要更多的体力，physical这里指“体力的”。故选B。（2025·天津·模拟预测）DeepSeekisanAIdevelopmentfirmbasedinHangzhou,China.Itwasfoundedin2023byLiangWenfeng,agraduateofZhejiangUniversity.ThecompanyisownedbyHigh-Flyer.DeepSeekfocusesondevelopingopen-sourcelargelanguagemodels(LLMs).Ithasreleased(发布)severalmodelssinceitwassetup.InJanuary2025,thereleaseofDeepSeek-R1madethecompanygloballyfamous.ThismodelisbasedonDeepSeek-V3andperformsaswellasOpen-AI’so1intaskssuchasmathematicsandcode(代码).DeepSeek-R1achievedgreatresultsshortlyafteritsrelease.TheDeepSeekAIassistant(辅助)app,whichprovidesachatbot(聊天机器人)interface(界面)forDeepSeek-R1,topped(登顶)Apple’sAppStorechartandoutperformedOpenAI’sChatGPTmobileapp.ByFebruary2025,DeepSeek-R1,V3,andCodermodelshadbeenlaunchedontheNationalSupercomputingInternetPlatform.Moreover,DeepSeek-R1hasbeenintegrated(整合)withmanycarcompanieslikeGeelyandBYD,andhasalsobeenappliedingovernmentaffairs,medicalcare,andotherfields.DeepSeekusesadifferenttrainingapproachfromOpen-AItotrainitsR1models.Ituseslesstime,fewerAIaccelerators(加速器),andlowercosts.Thecompanyhasalsomadeseveraltraininginnovations(创新),includingreinforcement(巩固)learning.1．WhereisDeepSeeklocated?A．ZhejiangProvince. B．Beijing. C．Suzhou. D．Shenzhen.2．WhichmodelmadeDeepSeekgloballyfamous?A．DeepSeek-LLM. B．DeepSeek-V2. C．DeepSeek-R1. D．DeepSeek-Coder.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“outperform”mean?A．Expect. B．Understand. C．Realize. D．Surpass.4．HowdoesDeepSeektrainitsR1models?A．UsingthesameapproachasOpen-AI.B．WithmoretimeandmoreAIaccelerators.C．Withoutanytraininginnovations.D．Throughreinforcementlearningandotherinnovativemethods.5．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutDeepSeek-R1isTRUE?A．ItisbasedonOpen-AI’so1.B．Itcan’tperformwellinmathematicstasks.C．TheDeepSeekAIassistantappforitoutperformedChatGPTmobileapp.D．Ithasonlybeenappliedinthecarindustry.【答案】1．A2．C3．D4．D5．C【导语】本文介绍中国AI公司DeepSeek，其专注开源大语言模型开发，发布的DeepSeek-R1全球闻名，应用广泛，训练方法区别于OpenAI，且有创新、成本低等优势。1．细节理解题。根据“DeepSeekisanAIdevelopmentfirmbasedinHangzhou,China.”可知，DeepSeek位于中国杭州，属于浙江省，故选A。2．细节理解题。根据“InJanuary2025,thereleaseofDeepSeek-R1madethecompanygloballyfamous.”可知，DeepSeek-R1模型让DeepSeek闻名全球，故选C。3．词句猜测题。根据“toppedApple’sAppStorechart”可知，DeepSeekAI辅助的应用程序在苹果应用商店排行榜登顶，可推测出DeepSeek的应用程序表现比ChatGPT移动应用好，“outperform”意思是“超过，胜过”，与“surpass”意思相近，故选D。4．细节理解题。根据“DeepSeekusesadifferenttrainingapproachfromOpen-AItotrainitsR1models…Thecompanyhasalsomadeseveraltraininginnovations,includingreinforcementlearning.”可知，DeepSeek通过强化学习和其他创新方法来训练R1模型，故选D。5．细节理解题。根据“TheDeepSeekAIassistantapp,whichprovidesachatbotinterfaceforDeepSeek-R1,toppedApple’sAppStorechartandoutperformedOpenAI’sChatGPTmobileapp.”可知，为DeepSeek-R1提供聊天机器人界面的DeepSeekAI助手应用程序的表现超过了ChatGPT移动应用程序，故选C。（2025·天津·模拟预测）BeijingOpera,alsocalledPekingOpera,isournationalopera.Itcameintobeing(形成)after1790andhasahistoryofover200years.ItsmusicandsingingcamefromXipiandErhuanginAnhuiandHubei.TherearefourmainrolesinBeijingOpera:Sheng,Dan,Jing,Chou.Shengistheleadingmale(男性)actor.Forexample,aWushengisasoldierorfighter.AXiaoshengisayoungman.ALaoshengisanoldmanwithbeard(胡子).Danisthefemale(女性)role.Jing,mostlymale,isthefacepaintedroleandChouisthecomedy(喜剧)actororclown(小丑).BeijingOperaisfulloffamousstories,beautifulfacialpaintings,wonderfulgesturesandfighting.Someofthestoriesarefromhistorybooks,butmostarefromfamousnovels.Thepeopleinthestoriesusuallycan’tagreewitheachother.Theybecomeangry,unhappy,sadandlonely,Sometimestheyareafraidandworried.Thentheyfindawaytomakepeacewitheachother.Everyoneisusuallyhappyintheend.BeijingOperaisanimportantpartofChineseculture.InChinaitusedtobepopularwitholdpeoplewhileyoungpeopledidn’tlikeitverymuch.However,moreyoungpeoplearebecominginterestedinitnowadays.AndmorepeoplearoundtheworldarelearningaboutBeijingOpera’sspecialsinging,actingandfacialpaintings.1．WhendidBeijingOperacomeintobeing?A．Before1790. B．After1790. C．In1790. D．In2000.2．BeijingOpera’ssingingisfrom______.A．AnhuiandHubei B．thehistorybook C．theliteratureandnovels D．stories3．Thesecondparagraphofthe