三级专业翻译资格考试备考资料2022年

三级专业翻译资格考试备考资料2022年词汇积累1.基础词汇-“allocate”意为“分配；拨出”，例句：Thegovernmentallocatedfundsfortheconstructionofnewschools.（政府拨出资金用于新建学校。）-“ambiguous”表示“模糊不清的；模棱两可的”，如：Theinstructionsweresoambiguousthatwedidn'tknowwhattodo.（这些指示模糊不清，我们不知道该怎么做。）-“apprehensive”意思是“忧虑的；不安的”，例如：Shewasapprehensiveaboutherfirstdayatwork.（她对上班的第一天感到担忧。）-“attrition”有“消耗；磨损”之意，Thecompanysufferedfromemployeeattritionlastyear.（去年公司人员流失严重。）-“augment”表示“增加；提高”，Theydecidedtoaugmenttheirincomebytakingonapart-timejob.（他们决定做兼职来增加收入。）2.专业领域词汇-法律领域-“jurisdiction”指“司法权；管辖权”，Thecourthasjurisdictionoverthistypeofcase.（该法院对这类案件有管辖权。）-“litigation”意为“诉讼；起诉”，Thecompanyisinvolvedinalong-termlitigation.（这家公司卷入了一场长期诉讼。）-“precedent”是“先例；判例”，Thiscasesetsanewprecedentinthelegalfield.（这个案件在法律领域开创了新的先例。）-医学领域-“diagnosis”表示“诊断”，Thedoctormadeaquickdiagnosisofthepatient'sillness.（医生迅速诊断出了病人的病情。）-“prognosis”指“预后；预测”，Theprognosisforhisrecoveryisgood.（他康复的预后情况良好。）-“vaccination”意为“接种疫苗”，Vaccinationisaneffectivewaytopreventmanydiseases.（接种疫苗是预防许多疾病的有效方法。）-经济领域-“inflation”是“通货膨胀”，Highinflationcanhaveanegativeimpactontheeconomy.（高通货膨胀会对经济产生负面影响。）-“deflation”表示“通货紧缩”，Thecountryisfacingtheproblemofdeflation.（该国正面临通货紧缩问题。）-“portfolio”指“投资组合”，Awell-diversifiedportfoliocanreducerisks.（多元化的投资组合可以降低风险。）语法知识1.时态与语态-现在完成进行时：表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。结构为“have/hasbeen+现在分词”。例如：IhavebeenstudyingEnglishforfiveyears.（我已经学英语五年了，并且还会继续学下去。）-被动语态：当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态。常见结构有“be+过去分词”。例如：Thebookwaswrittenbyafamousauthor.（这本书是一位著名作家写的。）在不同时态中，被动语态形式不同，如一般将来时的被动语态是“willbe+过去分词”，Thenewbuildingwillbecompletednextyear.（这座新大楼明年将建成。）2.虚拟语气-与现在事实相反：从句用一般过去时（be动词用were），主句用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。例如：IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepttheoffer.（如果我是你，我会接受这个提议。）-与过去事实相反：从句用过去完成时，主句用“would/should/could/might+have+过去分词”。如：Ifhehadstudiedharder,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.（如果他学习更努力些，他就会通过考试了。）-与将来事实可能相反：从句用“should+动词原形”或“wereto+动词原形”，主句用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。例如：Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.（如果明天下雨，我们就会待在家里。）3.定语从句-限定性定语从句：对先行词起限定作用，是句子不可缺少的部分，不用逗号隔开。例如：Themanwholivesnextdoorisadoctor.（住在隔壁的那个男人是医生。）-非限定性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用，与主句用逗号隔开。如：Mymother,whoisverykind,alwayshelpsothers.（我妈妈很善良，她总是帮助别人。）-关系代词：如who,whom,whose,which,that等。who用于指人，在从句中作主语；whom用于指人，在从句中作宾语；whose表示所属关系；which用于指物；that既可以指人也可以指物。例如：Thehousewhich/thatwevisitedlastweekisverybeautiful.（我们上周参观的那所房子很漂亮。）-关系副词：when,where,why等。when表示时间，where表示地点，why表示原因。例如：IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametothiscity.（我仍然记得我第一次来到这个城市的那一天。）翻译技巧1.词类转换-名词转动词：英语中有很多由动词派生的名词和具有动作意义的名词，在翻译时可转译成汉语动词。例如：Thesightandsoundofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging.（看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声，我特别神往。）-形容词转名词：某些形容词加上定冠词表示一类人，翻译时可转译成名词。如：Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（富人应该帮助穷人。）-副词转动词：英语中有些副词具有动作意义，可转译成汉语动词。例如：Thefilmison.（电影开演了。）2.增词与减词-增词：为了使译文更符合汉语表达习惯，有时需要增加一些词。例如：Heateanddrank,forhewasexhausted.（他又吃又喝，因为他已经疲惫不堪了。）这里增加了“又……又”使表达更自然。-减词：英语中有些词在译文中不必译出。例如：Themoonmovesroundtheearth.（月亮绕地球转。）这里“the”不必译出。3.语序调整-定语位置调整：英语中后置定语较多，而汉语定语一般前置。例如：Themanstandingoverthereismybrother.（站在那边的那个人是我哥哥。）将后置定语“standingoverthere”前置。-状语位置调整：英语中状语位置比较灵活，而汉语状语位置相对固定。例如：Heoftengoestoschoolbybike.（他经常骑自行车上学。）将“often”和“bybike”的位置按汉语习惯调整。真题模拟训练1.汉译英-随着科技的飞速发展，人们的生活发生了巨大的变化。-Withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinpeople'slives.-这个城市以其美丽的风景和悠久的历史而闻名。-Thiscityisfamousforitsbeautifulsceneryandlong-standinghistory.-我们应该采取有效措施来保护环境。-Weshouldtakeeffectivemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.-他不仅聪明，而且勤奋。-Heisnotonlyintelligentbutalsodiligent.-教育对于个人和社会的发展都至关重要。-Educationiscrucialforthedevelopmentofbothindividualsandsociety.-政府已经制定了一系列政策来促进经济增长。-Thegovernmenthasformulatedaseriesofpoliciestopromoteeconomicgrowth.-这本书深受年轻人的喜爱。-Thisbookisverypopularamongyoungpeople.-她成功地完成了这项艰巨的任务。-Shesuccessfullycompletedthisarduoustask.-文化交流有助于增进各国人民之间的相互理解。-Culturalexchangehelpstoenhancemutualunderstandingamongpeopleofdifferentcountries.-我们必须充分利用现代技术的优势。-Wemustmakefulluseoftheadvantagesofmoderntechnology.2.英译汉-TheInternethasrevolutionizedthewayweliveandwork.-互联网彻底改变了我们的生活和工作方式。-Thecompanyiscommittedtoprovidinghigh-qualityproductsandservices.-这家公司致力于提供高质量的产品和服务。-Thegovernmentistakingstepstoreduceunemployment.-政府正在采取措施降低失业率。-Thenewpolicywillhaveasignificantimpactontheeconomy.-这项新政策将对经济产生重大影响。-Educationisthekeytoabetterfuture.-教育是通往美好未来的关键。-Thebeautyofnaturealwaysfascinatesme.-大自然的美景总是让我着迷。-Thedevelopmentoftechnologyhasbroughtaboutmanychangesinourdailylives.-科技的发展给我们的日常生活带来了许多变化。-Theteamworkedhardtoachievetheirgoal.-这个团队为实现目标而努力工作。-Theproblemrequiresimmediateattention.-这个问题需要立即关注。-Thesuccessoftheprojectdependsonourjointefforts.-这个项目的成功取决于我们的共同努力。写作练习1.议论文写作题目：Shouldweencouragemorepeopletoworkfromhome?Withthedevelopmentoftechnology,workingfromhomehasbecomeapopularoption.Thereareseveraladvantagestothis.Firstly,itcansavetimeandmoneyoncommuting.Peoplecanusethetimetheywouldhavespentontheroadtoworkmoreeffectively.Secondly,itprovidesamoreflexibleworkingenvironment.Employeescanarrangetheirworkaccordingtotheirownschedules,whichmayincreasetheirproductivity.However,therearealsosomedisadvantages.Workingfromhomemayleadtoalackofface-to-facecommunicationwithcolleagues,whichcanaffectteamwork.Also,itiseasyforpeopletogetdistractedathome,suchasbyfamilymembersorhouseholdchores.Inconclusion,whileworkingfromhomehasitsprosandcons,wecanencouragemorepeopletotryit,butatthesametime,weshouldfindwaystoaddresstheproblemsitbrings.2.说明文写作题目：TheImportanceofRecyclingRecyclingisofgreatimportanceinmodernsociety.Firstly,ithelpstoconservenaturalresources.Forexample,recyclingpapercansavetrees,andrecyclingmetalscanreducetheneedformining.Secondly,itreduceswasteandpollution.Byrecycling,wecandecreasetheamountofwastesenttolandfills,whichinturnreducesthepollutioncausedbydecomposingwaste.Inaddition,recyclingcanalsocreateeconomicopportunities.Therecyclingindustrycangeneratejobsincollection,sorting,andprocessingofrecyclablematerials.Insummary,recyclingisanessentialpracticethatbenefitstheenvironment,theeconomy,andsocietyasawhole.Weshouldallbeencouragedtorecyclemore.口语表达1.日常交流话题-介绍自己：Hello,mynameis[name].I'm[age]yearsold.I'mfrom[place].I'minterestedin[hobbies].Forexample,Ilikereadingbooksinmyfreetimebecauseitcanbroadenmyknowledge.-谈论天气：It'salovelydaytoday,isn'tit?Thesunisshiningbrightly,andthetemperatureisjustright.It'sperfectforgoingoutforawalk.-讨论电影：Iwatchedareallyamazingmovielastnight.It'sascience-fictionfilmcalled[moviename].Thespecialeffectsweremind-blowing,andtheplotwasveryengaging.2.专业话题交流-在法律领域：Inalegalcase,evidenceiscrucial.Withoutsufficientevidence,it'sdifficulttoprovethedefendant'sguiltorinnocence.Thelawyerneedstocollectandpresentreliableevidencetosupporttheirclient'sclaim.-在医学领域：Preventivemedicineplaysanimportantroleinmaintainingpeople'shealth.Bypromotingahealthylifestyle,suchasregularexerciseandabalanceddiet,wecanreducetheriskofmanydiseases.-在经济领域：Thecurrenteconomicsituationiscomplex.Weneedtocloselymonitorfactorssuchasinflation,interestrates,andconsumerspendingtomakeinformedeconomicdecisions.综合练习1.汉译英-旅游业的发展对当地经济有很大的促进作用。-Thedevelopmentofthetourismindustryhasgreatlypromotedthelocaleconomy.-我们应该尊重不同的文化和习俗。-Weshouldrespectdifferentculturesandcustoms.-科技创新是推动社会进步的重要力量。-Technologicalinnovationisanimportantdrivingforceforsocialprogress.-健康的生活方式包括合理饮食和适量运动。-Ahealthylifestyleincludesabalanceddietandmoderateexercise.-学习一门外语可以拓宽我们的视野。-Learningaforeignlanguagecanbroadenourhorizons.2.英译汉-Thesignificanceofeducationcannotbeoverstated.-教育的重要性怎么强调都不为过。-Theprogressofcivilizationdependsonscientificandtechnologicalachievements.-文明的进步依赖于科技成果。-Thedemandforrenewableenergyisincreasingdaybyday.-对可再生能源的需求日益增长。-Theculturalheritageofanationisaprecioustreasure.-一个国家的文化遗产是珍贵的财富。-Thesuccessofabusinessliesinitsabilitytoadapttothemarket.-企业的成功在于其适应市场的能力。3.语法选择题-IfI___you,I___thejob.A.am;willtakeB.were;wouldtakeC.was;wouldtakeD.are;willtake答案：B。这是虚拟语气中与现在事实相反的情况，从句用were，主句用would+动词原形。-Thebook___Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose答案：C。先行词是book，指物，在从句中作宾语，用which引导定语从句。-Bytheendoflastyear,he___threenovels.A.haswrittenB.hadwrittenC.wroteD.waswriting答案：B。“bytheendoflastyear”是过去的时间，过去的过去用过去完成时，即had+过去分词。-ShespeaksEnglish___thanI.A.morefluentB.muchfluentC.morefluentlyD.muchfluently答案：C。修饰动词speaks要用副词fluently，than前面用比较级morefluently。-Theproblem___atthemeetingtomorrowisveryimportant.A.discussedB.beingdiscussedC.tobediscussedD.discussing答案：C。根据时间状语tomorrow可知，问题是将来要被讨论，用tobediscussed表示将来的被动。4.翻译改错题原句：Theoldman,heisverykind,alwayshelpsothers.错误分析